内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检诊断上消化道壁外占位性病变的价值

目的 探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)在上消化道壁外占位性病变(胰腺、纵隔、腹膜后占位)诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性总结行EUS-FNA检查的33例胰腺占位、25例纵隔占位和13例腹膜后占位患者的临床资料,以手术病理或6个月临床随访结果作为最终诊断,统计EUS-FNA对不同分类上消化道壁外恶性占位诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率.结果 EUS-FNA诊断上消化道壁外恶性占位的总体敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为82.2％(37/45)、100.0％(26/26)、100.0％(37/37)、76.5％(26/34)、88.7％(63/71),且分别诊断胰腺、纵隔、腹膜后恶性占位的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率均较高.病灶直径＞3 cm恶性占位EUS-FNA诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为81.0％(17/21)、100.0％(13/13)、100.0％(17/17)、76.5％(13/17)、88.2％(30/34),病灶直径≤3 cm恶性占位的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为83.3％(20/24)、100.0％(13/13)、100.0％ (20/20)、76.5％ (13/17)、89.2％(33/37),两者比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).71例患者均未出现出血、穿孔、胰腺炎、胰瘘及感染、胸痛、气胸等并发症.结论 EUS-FNA是一种安全、准确、有效地诊断上消化道壁外占位性病变的方法,且诊断准确率不受病灶大小的影响.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术诊断上消化道及其周围占位病变的价值

目的 探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术(EUS-FNA)对上消化道及其周围实质性占位病变诊断的准确性及其临床应用价值.方法 对2006年7月-2007年12月间64例因发现上消化道及其周围实质性占位病变而行EUS-FNA患者的临床资料及结果 进行回顾性分析.结果 共62例患者成功进行了EUS-FNA,穿刺成功率96.88%;EUS-FNA总的诊断准确度88.71%(55/62)、灵敏度86.54%、特异度100.00%、阳性预测值100.00%、阴性预测值58.82%;对于病灶直径>3 cm及≤3cm者,两者EUS-FNA诊断准确率及平均穿刺次数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);有实时细胞学诊断者其诊断准确率明显高于无实时诊断者(P=0.029),且平均穿刺次数也明显减少(P=0.001);应用5 ml负压者诊断阳性率显著高于应用10 ml负压者(P=0.044).结论 EUS-FNA对上消化道及周围实质性占位病变有着较高的诊断准确度、灵敏度、特异度及阳性预测值,且安全易行,现场实时细胞学诊断及适当的负压将有助于提高诊断的准确性.     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺联合肿瘤标志物对胰腺占位诊断价值及其影响因素

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物联合超声内镜引导下细针穿刺(endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration, EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位的诊断价值,并分析其相关影响因素。方法 选取2021年8月至2022年8月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院确诊的68例胰腺占位患者,全部患者均完成EUS-FNA,分析患者的临床资料及病理结果。结果 68例患者中,EUS-FNA对胰腺占位诊断的准确率为94.12%、灵敏度为92.86%、特异度为100%;EUS-FNA穿刺阳性患者年龄>60岁、胰腺占位大小>2 cm、穿刺次数≥3次的比例高于穿刺阴性患者;恶性胰腺占位组CA19-9水平高于良性胰腺占位组;CA19-9对恶性胰腺占位诊断的准确率为75.00%、灵敏度为75.00%、特异度为75.00%;CA19-9联合EUS-FNA对恶性胰腺占位诊断的准确率为97.06%、灵敏度为96.43%、特异度为100%。结论 EUS-FNA诊断胰腺占位安全且准确率较高;EUS-FNA诊断胰腺占位的影响因素有穿刺次数、占位大小、年龄;EUS-FNA联合肿瘤标...     

胸腔镜联合荧光支气管镜对胸膜结节的诊断价值

目的探讨和评价内科胸腔镜联合荧光支气管镜对胸膜结节的诊断价值。方法在常规内科胸腔镜检查时发现胸膜有结节状病变的40例患者,换用荧光支气管镜观察胸膜结节在荧光下的表现,再换用内科胸腔镜取病变组织送病理检查。结果 40例患者均获明确病理诊断,其中胸膜结节荧光染色为阳性患者32例,荧光染色阴性患者8例。32例荧光阳性的患者中27例病理诊断为恶性肿瘤,5例病理诊断为为炎性肉芽肿;8例荧光阴性的患者病理诊断均为良性病变。胸腔镜联合荧光支气管镜诊断胸膜结节的敏感性100.0%(27/27)、特异性61.5%(8/13)、准确性87.5%(35/40)、阳性预测值84.4%(27/32)、阴性预测值100.0%(8/8)。结论内科胸腔镜联合荧光支气管镜检查对胸膜结节状病变的诊断有较高的敏感性和阴性预测值,但存在一定的假阳性。     

超声内镜引导细针穿刺活检对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾分析2009年1月至2010年1月间行EUS-FNA的35例胰腺占位病例,与CT、B超、临床表现等进行对比分析,依病理学和细胞学检查或随访结果确诊。结果在所有35例患者中,最后确诊胰腺癌23例、慢性胰腺炎9例、导管内黏液性乳头状瘤1例、胰腺假性囊肿1例、浆液性囊腺瘤1例。B超共检出胰腺病变22例,CT29例,EUS发现35例可疑胰腺病变。对所有患者均行EUS-FNA检查,获得满意标本34例,取材满意率97.14%。EUS-FNA诊断胰腺癌17例,敏感性为73.91%,EUS-FNA总准确率为82.86%。5例患者EUS-FNA后出现淀粉酶及脂肪酶轻度升高,治疗后很快恢复正常。结论 EUS-FNA是病理学诊断胰腺占位性病变安全而有效的方法,应作为首选。     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检术对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

目的探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检术(EUS-FNA)对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值。方法收集2009-05～2011-06因胰腺占位病变行EUS-FNA病人16例,回顾性总结分析EUS-FNA病理诊断的阳性率及穿刺活检的安全性。结果 EUS-FNA病理结果中,腺癌8例,假性乳头瘤状1例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤(IPMT)1例,炎性6例,阳性检出率为62.5%。其中4例行手术治疗,手术结果与EUS-FNA结果符合3例,符合率为75%。结论 EUS-FNA对胰腺占位的定性诊断具有较高的准确性及安全性。     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检对纵膈和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的诊断价值

[目的]探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)对纵膈和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的诊断价值,并评价EUS-FNA的安全性。[方法]收集经影像学检查发现有纵膈和(或)腹膜后淋巴结肿大怀疑恶性肿瘤转移,并伴或不伴实质或空腔脏器管壁占位的门诊和住院患者119例、共187处病灶行EUS-FNA,其中穿刺肿大淋巴结140个,穿刺实质或空腔脏器管壁占位47处。[结果]119例均接受了EUS-FNA,每部位平均穿刺3次。140个淋巴结和47处实质或空腔脏器病灶均可获得细胞学涂片,136个淋巴结和45处实质或空腔脏器病灶可获得组织学切片。119例中,EUS-FNA诊断阳性率95.0%(113/119),细胞学诊断阳性率92.4%(110/119),组织学诊断阳性率87.4%(104/119)。113例EUS-FNA阳性诊断中,80例为恶性肿瘤,不确定诊断者6例。EUS-FNA诊断恶性肿瘤41例,良性占位4例,2例诊断不明确。术后观察1例胸痛不适,2例轻微腹痛不适,其中1例合并一过性发热,均给予对症处理后好转,余未出现出血、穿孔等并发症。[结论]超声内镜可在一次操作中对多部位病灶进行EUS-FNA,获得病理学诊断;EUS-FNA对纵膈和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的确诊具有肯定的价值;EUS-FNA可在实时超声监控下进行,安全性高,值得临床重视。     

经培训内镜医师实施快速现场评估在内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术诊断胰腺实性占位中的价值

目的探讨经培训内镜医师实施快速现场评估（rapid on-site evaluation by endoscopic physicians themselves, self-ROSE）在胰腺实性占位内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术(endoscopic ultrasound-guided-fine needle aspiration, EUS-FNA)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1—12月在南京鼓楼医院接受EUS-FNA的连续124例胰腺实性占位患者的临床资料。2017年7—12月的病例行self-ROSE，纳入self-ROSE组（60例）；2017年1月—2017年6月的病例未行self-ROSE，纳入非self-ROSE组（64例）。比较self-ROSE组与非self-ROSE组患者EUS-FNA的诊断效能（灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率）、穿刺次数及并发症发生率等指标。结果self-ROSE组的EUS-FNA诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为98.21%（55/56）、4/4、100.00%（55/55）、4/5和98.33%（59/60），而非self-ROSE组的EUS-FNA诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为81.82%（45/55）、9/9、100.00%（45/45）、47.37%（9/19）和84.38%（54/64）。self-ROSE组EUS-FNA的灵敏度（P=0.004）和准确率（P=0.009）均显著高于非self-ROSE组。在样本满意程度评估（Kappa＝1.000，P＜0.05）和细胞病理学评估（Kappa＝0.815，P＜0.05）方面，内镜医师与病理医师均呈现出高度的一致性。2组患者穿刺次数差异无统计学意义[（2.78±0.83）针比（2.61±0.75）针，P＞0.05]。2组均无并发症发生。结论self-ROSE有助于提升胰腺实性占位EUS-FNA的诊断效能，可作为提高EUS-FNA诊断准确率的重要策略。     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检对占位性病变的诊断价值

背景：内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检（EUS—FNA）广泛应用于占位性病变的诊断,但其诊断价值尚未完全明确。目的：评价EUS—FNA对占位性病变的诊断价值。方法：纳入2010年12月～2012年12月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院就诊的占位性病变患者70例,对占位性病变行EUS—FNA检查,以术后病理诊断作为金标准,评价EUS·FNA的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、准确性以及约登指数。结果：66例患者获得足够细胞或组织学标本,穿刺成功率为94．3％。穿刺成功患者（66例）中,EUS—FNA的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、特异性、准确性、约登指数分别为100％、36．4％、88．7％、100％、89．4％和0．887;所有穿刺患者（70例）中,上述数值分别为100％、26．7％、83．3％、100％、84．3％和0．833。所有患者均未发生严重并发症。结论：EUS—FNA对诊断占位性病变安全、有效,具有重要临床价值。     

胰腺细针穿刺标本中粘蛋白MUC1、MUC5AC的临床意义

目的检测胰腺细针穿刺标本中粘蛋白MUC1、MUC5AC的临床意义。方法对54例胰腺占位病变的EUS-FNA活检标本采用SP免疫组化法检测粘蛋白MUC1、MUC5AC表达,根据临床综合判断的诊断,与细胞学和组织学检查结果比较,评价其诊断价值。结果54例患者最后确诊为胰腺癌38例,胰腺良性肿瘤6例,慢性胰腺炎10例。细胞学和组织学的诊断敏感性分别为31.6%和47.4%。MUC1、MUC5AC、MUC1 MUC5AC在胰腺癌EUS-FNA标本组织中的阳性表达率为81.6%、84.2%和76.3%,显著高于胰腺良性疾病的25%、43.8%和6.3%的表达(P<0.01)。细胞学和组织学检查结合MUC1和MUC5AC的检测诊断胰腺癌的敏感性可提高到84.2%,特异性达100%。结论检测胰腺FNA标本中粘蛋白MUC1、MUC5AC的表达有助于提高对胰腺癌的诊断。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.