快频率依赖性室房逆传左侧隐匿性房室旁道参与的心动过速及射频导管消融

目的探讨快频率依赖性室房逆传特性左侧隐匿性房室旁道的电生理特点及射频消融。方法对8例心电图显示窄QRS波群心动过速的患者行电生理检查,分析房室、室房传导情况、心动过速特点、旁道定位,并行射频消融。结果8例患者均证实存在快频率依赖性室房逆传特性左侧隐匿性旁道,在较慢频率起搏右心室时旁道逆传发生阻滞,而以中等频率起搏时表现为间断旁道逆传,较快频率起搏时才表现为旁道1：1传导且均诱发了房室折返性心动过速,于快频率心室刺激下标测消融靶点,消融均获成功。结论左侧隐匿性房室旁道有时可发生快频率依赖性室房逆传现象,并伴发房室折返性心动过速,在射频消融中需注意分辨,以免漏诊。     

间隙性逆传阻滞房室旁道参与的心动过速及射频消融

目的研究间隙性逆传阻滞房室旁道参与的心动过速特点及射频消融术。方法6例患者,男性3例,女性3例,年龄24~58岁,其中A型预激1例,B型预激1例,采用右室心尖部和左室S1S1及S1S2起搏分析室房传导情况、心动过速特点、旁道位置确定及射频消融。结果左前游离壁2例,左侧壁1例(A型预激),左后壁旁道2例,右侧三尖瓣环10点处1例(B型预激)。所有旁道具有1:1室房传导功能,6例患者均有间隙性旁道逆传阻滞,均呈2:1室房逆传阻滞。在右室起搏下或窦性心律下标测靶点,所有病例均消融成功。结论不论隐匿性或显性房室旁道均可发生间隙性室房逆传阻滞,电生理检查及射频消融过程中应注意分辨偶发室房逆传阻滞现象,以免漏诊。     

频率依赖性隐匿性房室旁道伴发的心动过速及射频消融

目的　研究频率依赖性隐匿性房室旁道伴发的心动过速特点及射频消融治疗。方法　6例患者 ,男性 2例 ,女性 4例 ,年龄 14～ 6 8岁。电生理检查包括采用右室心尖部和左室S1S1及S1S2起搏分析室房传导情况、心动过速特点、旁道位置确定及射频消融治疗。结果　左侧游离壁 5例 ,右侧三尖瓣环 11点处 1例。具有旁道 1∶1室房传导功能 5例 ,传导窗口 80～ 10 0ms,有偶发旁道逆传现象 4例 ,诱发心动过速 5例。在右室起搏下标测靶点 ,所有病例均消融成功。结论　隐匿性房室旁道发生 3位相或 4位相阻滞时表现为频率依赖性室房传导。电生理检查过程中应注意分辨偶发室房逆传现象 ,以免漏诊。     

左室起搏对判断左侧旁道射频消融终点的意义

探讨左室起搏对判断左侧旁道射频消融终点的价值。 6 4例左侧旁道患者进行了常规电生理检查和射频消融。按消融终点不同分二组 :A组消融后显性预激以delta波消失、右室心尖部 (RVA)起搏无旁道逆传 ;隐匿性旁道以RVA起搏旁道无逆传作为成功标准。B组除了A组标准外 ,再加上左室消融电极 (ABL)直接起搏 ,如旁道也无逆传 ,则终止消融。所有患者术后随访 1个月～ 1年。结果A组 5 0例 :显性预激 17例、隐匿性旁道 33例。显性预激即刻成功消融 16例 ,因反复发作心房扑动、心房颤动而未消融 1例 ;隐匿性旁道即刻成功 31例 ,因未诱发出心动过速及导管无法到位而未消融各 1例 ,术后 1～ 35天复发 5例 ,再次消融成功。B组 14例 :9例显性预激、5例隐匿性旁道。 9例显性预激消融后ABL起搏发现 4例残存隐匿性旁道 ,巩固消融后消失。 1例隐匿性旁道RVA起搏偶尔经左侧旁道逆传 ,而ABL起搏则旁道显示逆传 ,消融成功。B组术后无复发。结果提示 :左室起搏可揭示右心室起搏不显示的左侧隐匿性旁道、对判断旁道消融是否彻底以及减少旁道消融术后复发具有重要意义     

双旁道伴5种室上性心动过速1例

患者男,41岁。因阵发性心悸7年入院。体检、X线胸片及心脏彩色多普勒超声检查均未发现器质性心脏病证据。心电图示B型预激综合征。根据6波极性旁道定位于右侧后游离壁。心内电生理检查:窦性心律时,心室激动顺序为希氏束→冠状窦口→冠状窦远端(图1左),提示右侧显性旁道。射频消融前,右心室或右心房程控刺激可诱发4种不同类型的室上性心动过速(图1右、图2左右及图3左)。图1右、图2的逆行心房激动顺序为冠状窦远端→冠状窦口→希氏束是→高位右心房。图3左侧最早的逆行心房激动也位于冠状窦远端,提示存在左侧隐匿性附加径路。消融左侧隐匿性附加径路过程中心动过速并不终止,而是由一种窄QRS心动过速转变成另一种频率相同但逆行心房激动顺序不同的窄QRS心动过速(图3右)。消融右侧旁道后,反复右心房及右心室程控刺激均未诱发室上速,快速心室起搏呈室房分离。电生理诊断:左侧隐匿性旁道、右侧显性旁道伴5种室上性心动过速。     

三磷酸腺苷对窦房结及房室传导的电生理作用

为探讨三磷酸腺苷对窦房结及房室传导的电生理作用,在20例阵发性室上性心动过速患者(隐匿性预激征8例、显性预激征及房室结双径路各6例)窦性心律时经右股静脉弹丸式注射三磷酸腺苷20mg.结果注射后窦性频率出现先减慢、继而窦性心动过速的双相反应;16例出现一过性房室传导阻滞,保护性心室起搏时8例1:1室房传导(均为隐匿性预激征),8例出现室房传导阻滞(其中6例为房室结双径路,2例为右侧显性预激综合征).提示三磷酸腺苷对窦房结、房室结传导及少数旁道有抑制作用.     

旁道位置与室上性心动过速首次发作时年龄及性别的关系探讨

目的为了解旁道位置与室上性心动过速初次发作时年龄及性别的关系.方法对128例已进行过射频消融的患者进行了回顾性分析.结果男性左侧旁道发病时平均年龄大于右侧及中隔旁道平均为14岁和9岁;大于女性左侧旁道7岁,男性显性旁道发病时平均年龄小于隐匿性旁道7岁.而女性显性旁道与隐匿性旁道、左侧旁道与右侧旁道发病时平均年龄无显著性差异.结论旁道位置与室上速初次发作时年龄及性别有关.     

左侧隐匿性房室旁道伴3相、4相阻滞射频消融一例

患者,男,45岁,因"阵发性心悸、胸闷6年"入院,入院诊断为阵发性室上性心动过速(室上速)。心内电生理检查示心室S1S1500～600 ms刺激时显示室房分离,当心室起搏间期减至400～310 ms时,室房传导恢复为1∶1,当进一步减小心室起搏间期至300 ms时,室房偏心性传导呈2∶1形式,提示左侧隐匿性房室旁道伴3相、4相阻滞。采用激动标测行射频消融成功,分级递增心室刺激室房分离。     

显性预激射频消融术后对房室结前传功能的影响

目的分析显性预激患者射频消融术后的房室结前传功能的变化。方法选取成功射频消融的单支房室旁道127例,其中显性预激46例,隐匿性预激81例。比较两组患者在消融后、显性预激组的消融后与随访时、左侧与右侧旁道的心电图各参数的变化。结果显性预激组患者消融术后的PR间期长于隐匿性预激组,显性预激组患者在随访时的PR间期短于消融术后,左侧旁道患者的PR间期短于右侧,但各组心率(HR)、QRS波时限、QTc间期均未见明显差异。结论显性预激患者,消融后PR间期较长,左右侧旁道延长程度不同,但随着时间的推移PR间期可恢复正常。     

左侧隐匿性房室旁道频率依赖性室房传导及心动 …

报道４例经导管射频消融证实的左侧隐匿性房室旁道（ＬＣＡＰ）室房（ＶＡ）传导及心动过速特点。４例上性心动过速患者均接受了心内电生理检查（ＥＰＳ）;（１）４例于右室心尖（ＲＶＡ）,其中１例于多个部位（右室流出道、左室及旁道左室端）行分级递增起搏（Ｓ１Ｓ１）,观察ＶＡ传导情况;（２）于高位右房行Ｓ１Ｓ１及程控期（Ｓ１Ｓ２）刺激诱发心动过速,观察有无房室结双径路。结果显示,ＲＶＡ起搏经ＬＣＡＰ１：１ＶＡ传     

后间隔旁道体表心电图及心内电图的特征

总结射频消融成功的后间隔旁道３７例体表及心内电图特征，结果显示：显性后间隔旁道体表心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联δ波负向，ＱＲＳ波群在Ｖ２导联呈Ｒ或Ｒｓ形时，若Ｖ１导联为ｒＳＲ或Ｒｓ形诊断为左后间隔旁道，其敏感性７３．３％、特异性９１．７％；Ｖ１导联为ＱＳ形诊断为右后间隔旁道，其敏感性５８．３％、特异性１００％。冠状窦电极为间距１ｃｍ的４极标测电极，近端电极置于窦口。心动过速时，心内电图ΔＶＡＨ－ＣＳ（ＶＡＨ与最短ＶＡｃｓ的差值）≥２５ｍｓ提示左侧，敏感性６２．８％、特异性９３．７％；ΔＶＡｃｓ（冠状窦电极记录的最长与最短ＶＡ的差值）≤１５ｍｓ提示左侧，敏感性８７．５％，特异性９５．４％。此外，左后间隔旁道逆行Ａ波最早出现在冠状窦近端（ＣＳｐ）或冠状窦中端（ＣＳｍ），且冠状窦中端Ａ波（Ａｃｓｍ）均早于希氏束远端（Ｈｉｓｄ）Ａ波（ＡＨｉｓｄ）；右后间隔旁道逆行Ａ波最早出现在Ｈｉｓｄ或ＣＳｐ处，Ａｃｓｍ均晚于ＡＨｉｓｄ。通过体表心电图和心内电图特征，可简便准确地预测间隔旁道的消融靶点。     

Identification of Fiber Orientation in Left Free-Wall Accessory Pathways: Implication for Radiofrequency Ablation

Previous reports on the anatomic discordance between atrial andventricular insertion sites of left free-wall accessory pathways werelimited and their findings were controversial. The purpose of this studywas to explore the fiber orientation and related electrophysiologiccharacteristics of left free-wall accessory pathways. The study populationcomprised 96 consecutive patients with a single left free-wall accessorypathway (33 manifest and 63 concealed pathways), who underwentelectrophysiologic study and radiofrequency catheter ablation using theretrograde ventricular approach. The atrial insertion site of the accessorypathway was defined from the cinefilms as the site with the earliestretrograde atrial activation bracketed on the coronary sinus catheterduring tachycardia, and the ventricular insertion site was defined as thesite where successful ablation of the pathway was achieved. Forty-twopatients (44%) had their atrial insertion sites 5-20 mm (10 ±3 mm) distal to the ventricular insertion sites (proximal excursion), 30(31%) patients had their atrial insertion sites 5-20 mm (12 ±3 mm) proximal to the ventricular insertion sites (distal excursion), and24 (25%) patients had directly aligned atrial and ventricular insertion sites. Retrograde conduction properties, including 1:1 VA conduction and effective refractory period, were significantly poorer inthe pathways with proximal excursion (302 ± 67, 285 ± 61 msrespectively) than in those with distal excursion (264 ± 56, 250± 48 ms respectively) or direct alignment (272 ± 61, 258± 73 ms respectively). Accessory pathways at the more posteriorlocation had a significantly higher incidence of proximal excursion (P= 0.006), and those at the more anterior location had a higherincidence of distal excursion (P = 0.012). In conclusion, a widevariation in fiber orientations and related electrophysiologic characteristics was found in left free-wall accessory pathways. This mayhave important clinical implications for radiofrequency ablation.     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Concealed Left Free-Wall Accessory Pathways Without Coronary Sinus Catheterization:

Ablation of Concealed Accessory Pathways. Introduction: Feasibility of radiofrequency (RF) ablation using a two-catheter technique without coronary sinus catheterization was studied in 100 consecutive patients with a single concealed left free-wall accessory path-way.
Methods and Results: Tachycardia was induced by electrical stimulation in the right atrium/right ventricle, and the presence of a concealed left free-wall accessory pathway was suggested electrocardiographically (negative P wave in leads I and/or a VL during orthodromic tachycardia) or by earlier atrial activation in the pulmonary artery compared to the high right atrium. Mapping of the mitral annulus was performed during right ventricular pacing or orthodromic tachycardia, and RF energy was applied at the site with the earliest retrograde atrial activation. Ablation was considered effective if tachycardia could not be induced, and if VA dissociation or exclusive retrograde nodal conduction was observed. Ablation was initially successful in 98 of 100 patients. Mean number of radiofrequency pulses were 3.2 ± 2. Mean fluoroscopy time and total procedure time was 14 ± 9 and 107 ± 32 minutes, respectively. There were no complications related to the procedure. At a mean follow-up of 22 ± 13 months, two patients experienced tachycardia recurrence and required a second procedure, which was successful.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that RF catheter ablation of concealed left free-wall accessory pathways can be safely, effectively, and rapidly performed using a simplified two-catheter technique with no need for coronary sinus catheterization.     

经食管调搏诱发左侧旁道并房室结加速传导心动过速

探讨左侧旁道 (LAP)并房室结加速传导 (EAVNC)心动过速 (TA)经食管诱发方式的影响 ,对 5 9例突发突止TA患者作食管心房调搏和心内电生理检查。结果有 18例具有房室结加速传导 ,SR间期轻度延长 ,诱发室上性心动过速 (SVT)的方法与无EAVNC患者具有不同的刺激模式。结论 :当心房起搏频率≥ 2 0 0次 /分 ,房室传导是 1∶1,需更强的S1S2 S3 或Burst法才能诱发SVT ,这样可避免遗漏左侧隐匿性旁道的诊断 ,前向 1∶1传导的AH间期是决定LAP并EAVNC顺向型房室折返性心动过速频率的重要因素。     

Left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion after left lateral free wall accessory pathway ablation: what is the possible mechanism?

We describe a complication after radiofrequency (RF) ablation of a left free wall accessory pathway that resulted in acute occlusion of proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in a 32-year-old male non-cocaine abuser. An interesting feature is the site of coronary artery occlusion which is remote from the RF application site. The RF energy applications were performed in the left lateral annulus remote from the LAD. The occlusion was successfully treated with placement of an intracoronary stent.     

穿间隔法与经主动脉逆行法消融左侧房室旁道的对比研究

按随机化原则对１２７例左侧房室旁道分别采用穿间隔（ＴＳ）法（６６例）和经主动脉逆行（ＴＡ）法（６１例）进行射频消融。ＴＳ法成功率１００％，ＴＡ法为９５％（５８／６１），两者相比无显著性差异。３例ＴＡ法失败者同次采用ＴＳ法消融成功。ＴＳ法和ＴＡ法消融操作时间依次为７６±２３和８１±２１ｍｉｎ、Ｘ线照射时间为１２±８和１３±７ｍｉｎ、放电次数为３±２和３±３次，各参数分别进行比较，均无显著性差异。随访９．１±４．９月，ＴＡ法消融有１例心动过速复发，经ＴＳ法再次消融成功。两组病人均无并发症发生。术者可根据个人对这两种方法掌握的熟练程度而选用     

A Rare Case of Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia Ablated on the Roof of the Left Atrium

A Rare Case of Permanent Junctional Reciprocating Tachycardia. Left‐sided anteroseptal accessory pathways that course through the aortomitral fibrous continuity are some of the rarest types of accessory pathways. At this region the atrium and ventricle are separated by their greatest distance because of the intervening aortic valve. These pathways often have a long circuitous course that may involve the root and cusps of the aortic valve. Prior reports have demonstrated the feasibility of ablating these pathways along the anteroseptal mitral annulus, the left ventricular outflow tract, or in the left or noncoronary cusps of the aortic valve. We describe a case of a concealed decremental anteroseptal accessory pathway that was ablated on the roof of the left atrium remote from the mitral or aortic valve annuli. This report indicates that when an appropriate site for ablation of a left‐sided anteroseptal accessory pathway is not found close to a valve annulus, these pathways may be amenable to ablation by targeting their atrial insertion site. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 464‐467, April 2013)     

左室起搏标测消融左侧隐匿性旁道靶点的探讨

探讨左侧旁道 (AP)构成的房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT)的标测及射频消融 (RFCA)靶点定位方法。 15 4例左侧隐匿性AP构成的AVRT随机分成A、B两组 ,两组均经股动脉逆行法进入大头电极 (ABL)于二尖瓣环下RFCA。A组经大头电极以S1S135 0～ 5 0 0ms沿二尖瓣环起搏 ;以起搏信号S到CS上最早逆传A波之间的间距S -A最小处为靶点。B组以AVRT和 /或右室心尖部起搏时CS最早逆传A波处为靶点。结果 :A组 75例均经 1～ 2次放电即成功阻断AP ,且V、A分离均在放电后 5s内出现。其中有 9例靶点与CS上最早逆行A波处相距 10～ 15mm ,其靶点处S-A较其余 6 6例明显延长。B组 79例中 6 8例在 1～ 2次放电 ,5s内V、A分离 ,另 11例放电无效在改用A组方法后均在一次放电后即阻断AP ,靶点距CS最早逆A波处 10～ 2 0mm ,S -A显著长于该组其他病例。 15 4例中 2 0例靶点与CS上最早逆行A波有距离 ,其S -A明显延长 (5 6± 2 3msvs 4 5± 12ms,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :以最短S -A为靶点能快速有效地阻断各种类型的左侧隐匿性AP ;尤其在以最早逆行A波为靶点无法阻断AP传导时推荐使用该方法。