机器人辅助和普通腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的比较

目的对比肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（RAML）患者中应用机器人辅助肾部分切除术（RAPN）与普通腹腔镜下肾部分切除术（LPN）的安全性及有效性。 方法收集2016年1月至2021年8月我院收治的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者198例,其中80例为机器人辅助肾部分切除术组,118例为腹腔镜下肾部分切除术组。采用倾向性评分匹配后分析比较两术式的临床指标。 结果198例患者中有3例术中中转开放（包括2例LPN,1例RAPN）,1例LPN术中损伤输尿管,其余均顺利完成手术。RAPN组术中热缺血时间显著低于LPN组;RAPN组术后血红蛋白（Hb）差值百分比及eGFR差值百分比均显著低于LPN组（P<0.05）;手术时间、术中估计出血量、术中及术后输血率、术后并发症、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。 结论在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者中,应用机器人辅助肾部分切除术相较于普通腹腔镜下肾部分切除术具有显著优势,手术出血更少,热缺血时间更短,能更大程度保留肾功能。     

腹腔镜肾音部切除术中肾功台邑保护方法的临床应用进展

腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）目前已得到广泛开展。术中阻断肾动脉可减少术中出血,为手术提供清晰的术野,但可能引起肾缺血损伤。为此,本文搜集了目前常用的LPN术中肾功能保护方法并加以综述,以期促进LPN的进一步发展和普及。     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的临床效果比较

目的：通过与开放性肾部分切除术（OPN）的临床效果比较,评价后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（38例,LPN手术组）和同期施行开放性肾部分切除术（46例,OPN手术组）的临床资料,就两组患者一般资料、手术时间、患肾热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数、术后血清肌酐升高幅度及术后并发症等指标进行比较。根据数据类型选用x2检验、两样本t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果：两组患者的一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性。LPN手术组在术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数方面及术后并发症发生率均优于DPN手术组（P〈0．05）,但前者的患肾热缺血时间明显长于后者（P〈0．05）。LPN手术组和OPN手术组的手术时间及术后血清肌酐升高幅度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者送检标本的手术切缘均为阴性,随访18个月均无一例复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤疗效肯定,与传统的开放性肾部分切除术相比,具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效与开放性手术相当等优点,是目前治疗肾肿瘤较理想的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

腹腔镜与开放性肾部分切除术治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(LPN)与开放性肾部分切除术(OPN)治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年10月～2017年12月我院收治的72例保留肾单位手术(NSS)患者的临床资料,其中行LPN 38例(LPN组),行OPN 34例(OPN组)。比较两组病例的手术时间、肾脏热缺血时间、术中出血量、术区引流管留置时间、手术切口长度、术后住院时间及患肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化,以及术后随访6～36个月有无肿瘤复发情况。结果:LPN组与OPN组患者术后引流管留置时间和患肾GFR值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。LPN组在术中出血量、手术切口长度及术后住院时间等方面均优于OPN组(P0.05),而术中肾脏热缺血时间长于OPN组(P0.05)。术后随访6～36个月,未见局部复发,均无转移。结论:尽管LPN术中肾缺血时间稍长,但与OPN相比,LPN治疗早期局限性肾肿瘤具有手术创伤小、恢复快、更微创,是一种更好的治疗T_(1a)期肾肿瘤的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗中心型肾肿瘤是否可行

腹腔镜下肾部分切除术（laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,LPN）作为治疗小肾癌的一项微创术式已经过了约10年的临床实践,已成为大家公认的有效治疗方式。但对于治疗中心型或肾门旁肾肿瘤,由于技术难度的增大,虽然有多项临床观察已报告LPN治疗中心型肾肿瘤可以达到与肾部分切除术（openpartialnephrectomy，OPN）治疗中心型肾肿瘤、LPN治疗外周型肾肿瘤同样好的手术效果和肿瘤学预后，但现阶段LPN治疗中心型肾肿瘤是充满技术性挑战的，需要腹腔镜技术非常熟练的术者才能在较短的热缺血时间内、     

机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线。方法:比较同一外科医生施行的早期20例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术和最近20例腹腔镜肾部分切除术的围手术期结果。所有手术在2013年5月~2013年8月完成。既往该医生成功施行1 000余例腹腔镜肾部分切除术和300余例机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。比较2种术式的手术时间、热缺血时间、出血量、切缘阳性率、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率。结果:2组患者术前临床资料和肿瘤病理学结果的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组均无切缘阳性病例。2组手术出血量、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线中,手术时间和热缺血时间均呈下降趋势。经过早期9例手术后,机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间即可接近最近20例腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间。前9例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间是134min,热缺血时间是20min,远远长于后11例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术平均手术时间107min,热缺血时间14min。结论:一个资深腹腔镜外科医生从腹腔镜肾部分切除术到机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术过渡是一个非常迅速的过程,经过前9例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术后,行机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术和腹腔镜肾部分切除术的手术时间大致相同。2组热缺血时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

微波消融辅助后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗中危肾肿瘤

目的:应用微波消融辅助后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(MWA-LPN)治疗中危肾肿瘤(PADUA评分8～9分),以缩短肾脏热缺血时间,保护肾功能。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月～2017年8月我院收治中危肾肿瘤患者157例,79例行微波消融辅助后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(MWA-LPN组),另78例行腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN组),比较两组手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、住院天数及肾功能等临床指标。结果:所有手术均获成功,无中转开放。MWA-LPN组和LPN组平均手术时间分别为(90.3±31.9) min、(100.9±23.2) min;平均热缺血时间分别为(10.6±4.1) min、(18.6±2.9) min;术后平均住院天数分别为(4.8±0.9) d、(5.5±1.3) d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。MWA-LPN组和LPN组术中平均出血量分别为(132.8±66.7) ml、(129.5±142.4) ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义;两组术后切缘病理均阴性,Scr及eGFR比较差异无统计学意义。MWA-LPN组术后尿瘘1例,血尿1例,切口愈合不良1例,发热2例;LPN组术后尿瘘1例,血尿2例,发热2例,两组比较差异无统计学意义。本组随访12～55个月,平均(26.9±10.6)个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。结论:MWA-LPN具有热缺血时间短、术后恢复快等优点,是一种可供选择的安全、有效的治疗中危肾肿瘤术式,但其远期疗效尚需大样本对照研究和长期随访观察。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗小肾癌的优势

目的：通过比较机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术（robot—assistedlaparoscopicpartialnephrectomy,RALPN）、腹腔镜肾部分切除术（1aparoscopicpartialnephrectomy,LPN）和开放性肾部分切除术（openpartialne—phrectomy,OPN）,探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术在治疗小肾癌方面的优势。方法：2009年1月～2013年5月,我科共完成50例小肾癌的肾部分切除术,其中12例RALPN,15例LPN,23例OPN。将三组患者术前基线情况、手术数据和术后GFR变化进行比较。结果：三组患者术前基线情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。50例手术均顺利完成,除LPN组1例术后出现尿漏,其余无术后并发症。RALPN和OPN在手术时间（operat—ingtime,OT）、热缺血时间（warmischemictime,wIT）、失血量（estimatedbloodloss,EBL）方面较LPN有优势（P〈O．05）,RALPN在住院时间（hospitalstay,HS）较LPN和OPN占优势（P（O．05）。无论哪种术式,对患侧肾功能均无明显影响（手术前后GFR比较,P〉0．05）。结论：RALPN是一种创伤小、疗效确切、安全可靠的术式。同LPN比较,其优势明显。同OPN相比,也有恢复更快的优势。在不考虑手术费用的前提下,RALPN是治疗小肾癌的优先选择。     

腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾门旁肾肿瘤(附14例报告)

目的:探讨及总结腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾门旁肾肿瘤的疗效及经验.方法:2006年1月至2011年5月经腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗14例肾门旁肾肿瘤,肿瘤直径平均2.4 cm.观察手术时间、热缺血时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症、切缘阳性率等.结果:14例手术均顺利完成.热缺血时间平均27.6 min,术中出血量平均105 ...     

肾周脂肪厚度对预测腹腔镜肾部分切除术手术相关因素价值的研究

目的 探讨肾周脂肪厚度在预测腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(1 aparoscopic partial ne-phrectomy,LPN)围手术期相关因素中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年8月由本中心同一位外科医生完成的LPN 90例,结合其他相关资料(肿瘤大小、R.E.N.E.L.评分等)统计分析术前影像学检查测量的肾周脂肪厚度与围手术期参数(手术时间、热缺血时间、术后30 d并发症情况)的相关性.结果 90例中术前影像学资料完善的共84例,平均手术时间为(143.93±60.11)min,平均热缺血时间为(24.44±7.68)min.84例中23例(27.4%)在术后30 d内出现了不同程度的并发症,其中ClaveinⅠ~Ⅱ级并发症共17例(20.7%),6例(6.7%)为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级并发症,无Ⅴ级并发症发生.肾周脂肪厚度于不同手术时间组存在显著性差异(P=0.003);广义线性模型回归分析,肾周脂肪厚度是手术时间的独立影响因素(P<0.001),而非LPN热缺血时间以及术后并发症发生的独立影响因素.结论 肾周脂肪厚度对于预测LPN手术时间具有价值,对热缺血时间、术后30 d并发症发生率及其严重程度的预测尚需进一步研究.     

急性肢体缺血术后再灌注损伤的防治

急性肢体缺血(acute limb ischemia,ALI)是血管外科常见急症,如救治不及时,可致肢体发生不可逆坏死而截肢,甚至危及病人生命.缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusioninjury,IRI)是ALI再通术后常见现象,是该病术后并发症发生率和病死率高的主要原因,因此减轻IRI一直是ALI术后处理的重点.     

大鼠肢体急性和慢性缺血病变特点的对照研究

目的 建立大鼠急性和慢性后肢缺血模型,研究两组大鼠病变特点及缺血代偿情况.方法 选择3 月龄成年、高脂血症SD 大鼠建立急性（n = 20）和慢性（n = 20）后肢缺血模型.采用实时荧光定量PCR 和2-△△Ct 法,检测股动脉闭塞后6 h 患肢股内收肌血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）的相对定量.股动脉闭塞1 周后取腓肠肌检查组织坏死及炎症浸润情况.股动脉闭塞后4 周后采用免疫组织化学染色法计算股内收肌毛细血管/肌纤维比例.术后记录患肢运动功能及患肢/健肢股骨中段周径比值.结果 急性组大鼠术后即刻表现严重肢体缺血.慢性组平均术后（8.2 ± 0.7）d 始表现严重肢体缺血.股动脉闭塞后6 h,急性组股内收肌目标基因VEGF和HIF-1α的相对定量均高于慢性缺血组[（5.57 ± 0.87） vs.（2.49 ± 0.85）和（10.28 ± 1.09） vs.（6.83 ±1.17）,P 〈 0.05].股动脉闭塞后1 周,急性组腓肠肌病理组织学检查显示较多坏死及炎症浸润.股动脉闭塞后4 周,急性组股内收肌毛细血管/肌纤维比例显著高于慢性组[（1.37 ± 0.14） vs.（1.18 ±0.12）,P 〈 0.05].缺血肢体功能评分结果 显示,急性缺血肢体运动功能早期受损甚于慢性组（P 〈0.05）,但后期恢复较优（P 均〈 0.05）.结论 急、慢性缺血具有不同的病理损伤特点,进而表现出不同的缺血代偿机制.急性大鼠缺血的代偿优于慢性缺血.     

Successful right common iliac to superior mesenteric artery bypass for mesenteric ischemia associated with acute aortic dissection: Report of a case

Mesenteric ischemia caused by obstruction of the superior mesenteric artery associated with acute aortic dissection was successfully treated by surgery in a 74-year-old man. The vein graft was effectively bypassed between the right common iliac artery and superior mesenteric artery on the day of onset of acute DeBakey type III b aortic dissection. He is currently well 1 year postoperatively on anti-hypertensive therapy.     

Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: two case reports and a short review of the literature

Introduction: Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is an infrequent cause of acute mesenteric ischemia with atypical symptoms and a high mortality.

Patients and methods: We report two cases of NOMI characterized by their difference in etiology, treatment and outcome.

Results: In the first case, the patient developed NOMI after septic shock, she was successfully treated with surgery. The second patient experienced two episodes of cardiac arrest followed by NOMI. He received only supportive care and died shortly after. We present a short review of the literature, discussing epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and management of NOMI.

Conclusion: NOMI is a rare disease with a difficult diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment with supportive therapy, vasodilator drugs and possibly surgery can significantly lower mortality.     

Ischemic colitis: risk factors for eventual surgery

Background

Ischemic colitis is a common disorder often without clear indications for surgical management. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors that predict the need for surgery.

Methods

Patients were identified retrospectively based on International Classification of Disease codes and admission over an 8-year period.

Results

A total of 253 patients presented with ischemic colitis. A total of 205 patients were managed nonsurgically, 12 underwent immediate surgery (within 12 hours of presentation), and 36 had delayed surgery. On univariate analysis, risk factors that predicted delayed surgery were peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, hypotension, tachycardia, absence of bleeding per rectum, free intraperitoneal fluid on computed tomography scan, intensive care unit admission, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and increased lactate level on admission. Intraperitoneal fluid on computed tomography scan and absence of bleeding per rectum were predictive of surgical intervention on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

In patients with ischemic colitis, several risk factors were associated with the need for subsequent surgery during the same admission. These factors could be used to select patients for immediate surgery before worsening of their clinical condition.     

Near-infrared tissue oximetry and digital image analysis: quantification of renal ischaemia in real time during partial nephrectomy

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? There is little known on how to objectively measure renal ischemia during partial nephrectomy. This study clemonstrates two potentially useful methods to measure renal ischemia during partial nephrectomy.

OBJECTIVE

? To determine the feasibility of using near‐infrared tissue oximetry (TO) and digital image analysis for assessing renal function and to quantify local renal ischaemia in a porcine model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

? Tissue oximetry was performed and red/blue (R/B) colour ratios were determined on renal units of Yorkshire swine. ? Interval measurements were taken before clamping the renal hilum, during warm ischaemia, and after unclamping using a ViOptix T.Ox^TM Tissue Oximeter and Matlab® digital image analysis. ? Matlab software analysed images from the laparoscopic camera and determined an R/B ratio to track renal ischaemia. ? The tissue oximeter used direct infrared light and was placed adjacent to the kidney parenchymal surface. ? The data were divided into preclamp, clamp and post‐clamp, and compared between methodologies.

RESULTS

? The R/B ratio showed a higher rate of change compared with TO during clamp time in both the 15‐min experiment (R/B = 96.0 vs. TO = 52.1 unit/reference) and the 30‐min experiment (R/B = 97.6 vs. TO = 45.9). ? The R/B ratio showed a higher rate of change compared with TO at 1 min after clamping in the 15‐min experiment (R/B = 80.1 vs. TO = 12.4). ? Both detection devices showed similar changes in pre‐ and post‐clamp measurements in the 15‐ min experiment (R/B = 1.6 vs. TO = 3.8) and the 30‐min experiment (R/B = 4.7 vs. TO =?4.5). ? In the 30‐min experiment the R/B ratio showed a significant difference between preclamp, clamp, and post‐clamp states (P= 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS

? Both TO and digital image analysis were able to calculate an ischaemic drop in tissue oxygen saturation during periods of acute renal ischaemia. ? The findings suggest that the R/B ratio observed during histogram analysis shows a greater sensitivity compared with TO in quantifying renal ischaemia.     

慢性胆囊炎伴窦性心动过缓及心肌缺血手术前后心电图改变93例的临床分析

目的探讨慢性胆囊炎伴有窦性心动过缓及心肌缺血发生比率及其术后的心电图改变。方法手术前后常规行心电图检查，对心电图异常者定期随访。对经手术及病理证实的２５０例慢性胆囊炎病人手术前后心电图所示的窦性心动过缓与心肌缺血性改变进行临床分析。结果窦性心动过缓５３例、心肌缺血４６例。随访资料完全者９３例，其中恢复正常８５例，好转３例，无改变５例。治愈好转率达９５％。结论慢性胆囊炎对心脏确有一定影响，对慢性胆囊炎，特别是已有心电图异常改变时，应积极手术治疗。     

强力宁对犬循环骤停后缺血性脑损伤的影响

采用阻断升主动脉和腔奇静脉配合心脏停跳液灌注的方法，造成犬循环骤停１８分钟后复苏，恢复循环，采取组间复合对照法，研究强力宁的脑复苏效应。结果表明，强力宁可保护脑ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ、ＣＰＫ和ＬＤＨ活性，减少ＧＳＨ丧失，降低ＭＤＡ含量，抑制脑水肿，减轻缺血性脑损伤，显示良好的脑复苏作用。     

Evidence that both cyclosporin and azathioprine prevent warm ischemia reperfusion injury to the rat liver

The present work was undertaken to study whether the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin (CyA) and azathioprine (AZA) ameliorate hepatic injury after warm ischemia. A temporary, normothermic liver ischemia was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were treated with CyA (10 mg/kg per day p.o.), AZA (8 mg/kg per day p.o.), or vehicles for 4 days before surgery. Seven-day survival rates after 60 min of ischemia improved significantly with CyA (76.2%, P<0.005) and AZA (78.6%, P<0.001) treatment, compared with 43.0% for the control group. The highest levels of serum aminotransferases in the treatment groups tended to be lower than those in the control group. The peak values for the percentage of liver necrosis, an indicator of the extent of hepatic necrosis, in the animals treated with CyA (26.1%±7.2%, mean±SEM) and AZA (32.1%±5.7%) were significantly lower than in the control group (47.4%±3.7%). Lipid peroxidative damage after reperfusion, assessed as the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with CyA and AZA. Histological findings coincided with other parameters. This study demonstrates that both AZA and CyA have beneficial effects on normothermic liver ischemia in rats. It is suggested that the diminished lipid peroxidative damage with these agents might be one of the mechanisms responsible for this.