miRNA181a在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨miR-181a基因表达与肝细胞癌发生发展以及肿瘤病理学特征之间的关系。方法提取30例肝细胞癌组织及癌旁组织和10例肝血管瘤患者的肝脏组织的总RNA,用Real time-PCR法检测miR-181a在上述组织中的表达情况。结果肝细胞癌组织中miR-181a表达与癌旁组织相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与正常肝脏组织相比,miR-181a在肝细胞癌组织中的表达水平显著低于正常对照组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);miR-181a表达下调与肝细胞癌分化程度、临床分期和合并肝硬化明显相关(P<0.05),与肝细胞癌的大小、血AFP浓度、HBV感染均无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 miR-181a表达下调参与肝细胞癌的发生发展过程,miR-181a异常表达与肝细胞癌的肿瘤分化程度、临床分期和合并肝硬化相关。     

miR-145-3p在肝癌中的表达及其对肝癌细胞生长的调控作用

背景miR-145-3p在头颈癌、肺癌和胃癌等肿瘤可发挥抑癌的作用,而其在肝癌中的表达和作用并不清楚.目的探讨miR-145-3p在肝癌中的表达及其对肝癌细胞的增殖与凋亡的调控作用.方法用RT-q PCR法检测肝癌组织、癌旁组织、肝细胞株(Hep3B、Huh-7、Hep G2和SMMC-7721)与正常肝细胞株L-02中miR-145-3p的表达水平;将miR-145-3pmimic或miR-145-3pinhibitor转入Hep3B细胞,用CCK-8法、流式细胞术、TUNEL法和Westernblot法分别检测细胞活力、细胞周期、细胞凋亡和4型黏蛋白(mucin4, MUC4)表达.用荧光素酶报告基因实验鉴定miR-145-3p的靶基因.将pc DNA-MUC4转入已转染miR-145-3p mimic的细胞,用CCK-8法和TUNEL法分别检测细胞活力与细胞凋亡.结果miR-145-3p在肝癌组织和细胞中呈低表达.过表达miR-145-3p能抑制细胞增值和G0/G1期到S期转换,促进凋亡和降低MUC4表达;而敲减miR-145-3p则作用相反. MUC4是miR-145-3p的靶基因.过表达MUC4能逆转miR-145-3p mimic对细胞存活的抑制作用.结论miR-145-3p在肝癌低表达,且其表达与T分期呈负相关.过表达miR-145-3p可抑制肝癌细胞存活与生长,而敲减miR-145-3p能促进肝癌细胞存活与生长.     

microRNA-149-5p过表达对肝癌细胞HepG2和Bel-7402增殖及迁移的抑制作用

目的明确microRNA-149-5p(miR-149-5p)在肝癌组织中的表达,并探讨其在肝癌细胞中的分子生物学作用。方法收集2010年1月-2014年1月内蒙古医科大学附属医院通过肝切除术获得的65例肝癌组织及相应癌旁组织,采用荧光定量PCR检测65例肝癌组织及相应癌旁组织中miR-149-5p的表达情况。细胞实验分2组,实验组转染miR-149-5p模拟物,对照组转染模拟物阴性对照,采用噻唑蓝比色法和创伤愈合试验检测miR-149-5p对Hep G2和Bel-7402细胞增殖及迁移能力的影响。计量资料组间比较采用t检验或单因素方差分析。结果 miR-149-5p在肝癌组织的表达量(0.14±0.06)明显低于配对的癌旁组织(2.56±0.42),两者差异有统计学意义(t=7.79,P0.05);miR-149-5p在肝癌细胞Hep G2、Bel-7402和正常肝上皮细胞L02中的表达量分别为(1.43±0.25)、(1.77±0.32)和(5.68±0.74),3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=11.27,P0.05)。体外功能实验发现,miR-149-5p模拟物可显著抑制Hep G2和Bel-7402细胞24、48、72 h时的增殖(Hep G2:t值分别为4.98、5.17、7.78,P值均0.05;Bel-7402:t值分别为6.83、7.09、15.67,P值均0.05),并降低Hep G2和Bel-7402细胞的迁移(t值分别为23.11、17.42,P值均0.05)。结论 miR-149-5p在肝癌组织中表达下调,过表达miR-149-5p可抑制肝癌细胞的增殖及迁移能力,提示miR-149-5p可作为肝癌基因治疗的一个新的有效的分子靶标。     

甘露糖受体在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:观察甘露糖受体(mannose receptor,M R)在肝细胞癌组织/肝癌细胞系中的表达,探讨其与肝细胞癌发生、发展及恶性程度的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学检测50例肝细胞癌组织及癌旁组织、10例正常肝组织中MR的表达,免疫荧光法、Western blot法检测肝癌细胞系、肝细胞系中MR的表达.结果:免疫组织化学染色:肝细胞癌组织中M R的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织及正常肝组织(86%vs 76%,30%,P0.05).免疫荧光:MR在肝癌细胞系BEL-7402、Hep G2和人肝细胞系HL-7702中均有表达.在肝癌细胞系BEL-7402、Hep G2上有很强的MR表达,在肝细胞系HL-7702上MR的表达分布明显较少.Western blot法:MR在肝癌细胞系Hep G2、BEL-7402和人肝细胞系HL-7702上均有表达,肝癌细胞BEL-7402中MR的表达水平明显高于肝癌细胞Hep G2(P0.01)、肝细胞HL-7702(P0.01).结论:MR在肝细胞癌组织/肝癌细胞系中高表达提示可能与肝细胞癌的发生、发展及恶性程度密切相关.     

MIF与JNK1在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的研究巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和c-Jun氨基末端蛋白激酶1(JNK1)蛋白在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织和HepG2肝癌细胞中的表达,并探讨二者的相互关系。方法选择有乙肝肝硬化基础的HCC患者52例,取手术切除的癌组织及相应的癌旁组织为实验组,另选取20例肝血管瘤、肝破裂手术切除的肝组织标本作正常对照,应用免疫组织化学法检测MIF、JNK1和pJNK1的表达;原位杂交法检测MIF mRNA和JNK1 mRNA表达。将不同浓度的rMIF分别与HepG2肝癌细胞和L-O2人正常肝细胞共培养,通过Western blotting法检测JNK1和pJNK1蛋白的表达,通过RT-PCR检测相应蛋白在核酸水平的表达。结果 MIF、JNK1、pJNK1和MIF mRNA、JNK1 mRNA在HCC癌组织和癌旁组织中的阳性表达率均明显高于正常肝组织(P均0.05);经不同浓度的rMIF刺激后,HepG2肝癌细胞中pJNK1和JNK1mRNA的相对表达量均呈浓度依赖性升高,尤以rMIF浓度为200 ng/ml升高最明显,与L-O2细胞比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MIF、MIF mRNA、JNK1、JNK1 mRNA、pJNK1在HCC组织和HepG2肝癌细胞中均呈高表达,MIF参与HCC进展,可能是通过激活JNK1信号通路来实现的。     

HBsAg及AFP在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其相关性

目的进一步探讨HBV感染在肝细胞癌（HCC）发病中的作用。方法选择40份HCC、癌旁肝组织标本及6份正常肝组织标本,用免疫组化SP法检测其HBsAg与甲胎蛋白（AFP）表达。结果正常肝组织中HBsAg及AFP表达均为阴性;HCC和癌旁肝组织中HBsAg及AFP表达阳性率分别为70%、90%（P〈0.05）,HCC和癌旁肝组织AFP表达阳性率分别为87.5%、82.5%（P〉0.05）;HCC及癌旁肝组织中HBsAg阳性者AFP表达阳性率明显高于HBsAg阴性者（P〈0.05）。结论 HBV感染可能通过诱发肝细胞产生AFP参与HCC发病,具体机制有待进一步研究。     

DC-SIGN在原发性肝癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨树突细胞特异性细胞间黏附分子3结合的非整合素(DC-SIGN)在原发性肝癌组织中的表达及意义。方法选择原发性肝癌患者手术切除的肝癌组织标本30例及对应的距离肝癌组织2 cm以上的癌旁肝组织标本30例。采用免疫组化法检测肝癌组织和癌旁组织DC-SIGN蛋白表达,采用RT-PCR检测肝癌组织和癌旁组织DC-SIGN mRNA表达。结果肝癌组织DC-SIGN光密度值高于明显癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝癌组织DC-SIGN mRNA相对表达量明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。肝癌组织DC-SIGN蛋白表达与肝癌包膜、TNM分期、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平有关(P0.05),与肝癌患者年龄、性别、组织分化、肿瘤大小、肝外转移、静脉侵犯无关(P0.05)。肝癌组织DC-SIGN mRNA水平与肝癌包膜、肝癌TNM分期、血清甲胎蛋白水平有关(P0.05),与肝癌患者的年龄、性别、组织分化、肿瘤大小、静脉侵犯无关(P0.05)。结论原发性肝癌组织中DCSIGN表达量升高,DC-SIGN表达量和肝癌的包膜是否完整及肝癌TNM分期有关。     

HBV感染对肝细胞癌生物学行为及APE1表达的影响

[目的]检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)HBsAg和HBV DNA在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的表达,探讨HBV标志物协同脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶核酸内切酶1(APE1)表达与HCC侵袭转移的关系及意义。[方法]利用免疫组织化学、原位核酸杂交和组织芯片技术,分别检测HCC 130例(HCC组)、肝内外转移灶29例(转移组)、癌旁肝脏组织96例(距肿瘤2cm,癌旁组)、远癌肝脏组织(距肿瘤5cm,远癌组)46例、肝良性肿瘤的瘤旁肝组织5例(正常组)中HBsAg和HBV DNA的表达,并结合各临床病理参数分析其与各指标之间的关系及意义。[结果]HBV蛋白与HBV DNA在癌旁组、远癌组中的表达明显高于HCC组和转移组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。除HBsAg表达与APE1mRNA存在负相关,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.014)外,其余各指标之间均无相关(P0.05)。[结论]HBsAg表达与APE1mRNA存在负相关,HBV感染可抑制APE1的表达。     

原发性肝细胞癌组织乏氧诱导因子-1α与MRP蛋白表达水平及病理诊断意义

[目的]探讨分析原发性肝细胞癌组织乏氧诱导因子-1α与MRP蛋白表达水平之间的关系,分析其表达对患者疾病的诊断意义。[方法]收集2014年2月~2016年7月来我院进行治疗的80例原发性肝细胞癌患者肝组织,同时收集患者对应癌旁正常肝组织的石蜡样本,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测所有样本中乏氧诱导因子-1α与MRP蛋白的表达情况。[结果]HIF-1α与MRP在肝癌组织中的阳性率明显高于癌旁正常肝组织(P0.01)。肝癌组织TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、伴有门静脉癌栓、伴有淋巴结转移时,HIF-1α阳性表达率明显增高(P0.05)。肝癌组织伴有淋巴结转移、病理分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级时,MRP阳性表达率明显增高(P0.05)。在肝癌组织中,HIF-1α表达与MRP表达呈正相关(r=0.531,P0.05)。[结论]肿瘤的恶性增殖、分化、淋巴结转移的过程中,HIF-1α与MRP的过表达可能有着重要作用,二者可能具有协同作用。     

Hedgehog信号通路在人肝细胞癌细胞系及肝癌组织中的表达与意义

目的探讨Hedgehog信号通路在人肝细胞癌细胞系及Shh基因在肝癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用半定量RT-PCR法检测Hep3B和HCC-LM3细胞中Shh、Ihh、Ptch、Smo、Gli mRNA及21例肝细胞癌癌组织和癌旁肝组织中Shh mRNA的表达状况。结果Shh、Ihh、Ptch、Smo、Gli mRNA在两个肝癌细胞系中均有表达。其中,Shh、Gli1 mRNA在Hep3B细胞中的表达强度显著高于HCC-LM3细胞,而Gli2和Gli3的表达强度正相反;Ihh、Smo mRNA在Hep3B细胞中的表达强度高于HCC-LM3细胞,但两者间无显著性差异;Ptch mRNA在两个细胞系细胞中的表达无显著性差异;Shh mRNA在肝细胞癌癌组织中的阳性检出率为57.1%（12/21）,在癌旁组织中为4.8%（1/21）,两者间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。其中,6例高分化、8例中分化和7例低分化肝细胞癌中Shh mRNA的阳性检出率分别为83.3%（5/6）、62.5%（5/8）和28.6%（2/7）,表现为随肝细胞癌由高到低的分化而呈显著性下降的趋势（P〈0.05）;Shh mRNA的表达强度在肝细胞癌癌组织之间、癌与癌旁组织之间无显著性差异。结论Hedgehog信号通路的异常激活参与了肝细胞癌的发生发展过程,Shh mRNA在部分高中分化肝细胞癌中表达上调,这或许为探讨肝癌的发生机制、早期诊断及治疗提供了新的依据。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.