联合抗抑郁药用于不同亚型功能性消化不良的疗效分析

[目的]研究常规治疗消化不良药物联合抗抑郁药对不同亚型功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)患者的疗效及精神心理因素的影响。[方法]基于罗马Ⅳ诊断标准,收集符合FD的患者135例,依据症状表现所属临床亚型分为餐后不适综合征(PDS)型、上腹痛综合征(EPS)型以及PDS+EPS型(重叠型),每个亚型各45例,再依据患者治疗方案和用药情况将各型分为常规治疗组(A组)、抗抑郁组(B组)、联合用药组(C组)各15例。A组选用胃动力药、制酸药治疗,B组予抗焦虑抑郁治疗,C组联合应用A组和B组的治疗方法,疗程均为8周。比较不同类型FD患者的各组治疗前后的症状量化积分、SDS及HAMD评分,分析各组用药对FD患者消化道症状及焦虑/抑郁程度的影响。[结果]各型的各组治疗前的症状量化积分、SDS及HAMD评分比较均差异无统计学意义(P0.05),各型的各组治疗前与治疗后症状量化积分、SDS及HAMD评分比较均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各型的A组、B组治疗后症状量化积分、SDS及HAMD评分与C组比较,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05～0.01)。[结论]对于各亚型FD患者,治疗消化不良药联合抗抑郁药疗效均明显好于单独采用消化不良药或抗抑郁药,联合用药方案具有协同治疗作用,因此对各亚型FD的患者在常规胃动力药和制酸药的基础上加用抗焦虑抑郁的联合用药方案可取得更加满意的临床疗效。     

米氮平治疗严重功能性消化不良22例

目的:评价米氮平治疗严重功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)的疗效.方法:44例严重FD患者随机分成2组(每组22例),分别接受常规治疗和常规治疗+米氮平;所有患者治疗前后均进行FD症状评分和抑郁/焦虑测试(HAMD和HAMA评分),并分析治疗后的改善情况.结果:米氮平能显著改善FD患者的症状评分(EPS和PDS亚型:P<0.01,FD伴焦虑或抑郁组:P<0.001)和抑郁/焦虑评分(HAMD评分:P<0.001,HAMA评分:P<0.05),常规治疗+米氮平和常规治疗对严重FD的显效率分别为81.8%和13.6%,两者差异显著(P<0.001);米氮平组4例患者发生轻度不良反应,发生率为18.2%.结论:米氮平治疗严重FD的疗效良好,不良反应较轻,可作为治疗用药之一.     

有精神症状的功能性消化不良患者血浆obestatin、ghrelin水平的变化及其与精神症状的相关性

[目的]探讨有精神症状的功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)患者的肥胖抑制素(obestatin)及胃促生长素(ghrelin)的水平变化及其与焦虑/抑郁状态的相关性。[方法]采用ELISA法测定41例伴有精神症状的FD患者(FD组)和40例健康体检者(对照组)的血浆obestatin和ghrelin水平。[结果]FD组血浆obestatin水平较对照组明显升高(P0.05);FD组血浆ghrelin水平较对照组明显降低(P0.01);血浆obestatin水平与HAMA及HAMD评分均呈正相关(r=0.131,P0.05;r=0.106,P0.05);血浆ghrelin水平与HAMA及HAMD评分均呈负相关(r=-0.428,P0.01;r=-0.462,P0.01)。[结论]有精神症状的FD患者的血浆obestatin水平高于对照组,且与焦虑/抑郁状态呈正相关;ghrelin水平低于对照组,且与焦虑/抑郁状态呈负相关。     

功能性消化不良患者血清中脑源性神经营养因子的变化及其与心理因素的关系

目的：探讨功能性消化不良（FD）患者血清中脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的水平及其与心理因素的关系。方法选取2014年4月～2014年8月在我院消化内科就诊且符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的50例 FD 患者为 FD 组,并根据其临床特点分为亚型。选择我院体检中心30例健康体检者为对照组。所有受试者均用汉密尔顿焦虑／抑郁量表（HAMM／HAMD）测评精神心理状态,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定血清中 BDNF 的浓度并与对照组比较。结果不同亚型FD 患者有不同的精神症状,其中餐后不适综合征（PDS）组重叠上腹疼痛综合征（EPS）组与其它两组比较更易合并焦虑、抑郁。PDS 和 EPS 亚型患者血清中 BDNF 水平与对照组比较,明显的升高,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;有焦虑、抑郁症状的 FD 患者血清中 BDNF 水平与无精神症状的 FD患者比较明显降低（P ＞0．05）。结论FD 患者中 PDS、EPS 亚型血清 BDNF 水平明显升高,可能在 FD 发病中起一定的作用,而焦虑、抑郁与血清中 BDNF 水平也有一定关系,可导致在其血清中浓度下降。     

功能性消化不良不同亚组焦虑抑郁和胃容受性及内脏敏感性研究

[目的]探讨功能性消化不良(FD)不同亚组焦虑抑郁、胃容受性及内脏敏感性的差异及其与症状之间的相关性。[方法]共纳入93例研究对象,其中健康对照组(HC)36例,FD组57例,根据罗马Ⅳ标准将FD进一步分为:上腹痛综合征(EPS)11例,餐后不适综合征(PDS)35例,重叠组11例。各组人群均填写消化不良症状问卷和医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)。采用液体营养餐试验评估胃容受性,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估内脏敏感性,并运用Spearman秩相关分析探讨这些病理生理机制与消化不良症状之间的相关性。[结果]FD 3个亚组焦虑评分较HC组均升高(P0.01),EPS组和重叠组的抑郁评分较HC组升高(P0.01,P0.05),而PDS组的抑郁评分与HC组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),3个亚组间焦虑、抑郁评分无明显差异(P0.05)。与HC组比较,EPS组、PDS组及重叠组的MTV均降低(811.8±197.8,810.9±193.6,766.4±225.9950.8±193.1;P0.05,P0.01,P0.01),FD 3个亚组之间的MTV差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。液体营养餐后,EPS组、PDS组和重叠组的饱胀评分下降速度较HC明显减慢,但FD 3个亚组间下降速度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);仅重叠组较HC组出现恶心、腹痛的比例明显升高(P0.05),FD 3个亚组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。EPS组:症状总分与焦虑呈正相关(r=0.603,P=0.049),上腹烧灼感与餐后30min饱胀VAS评分呈负相关(r=-0.759,P=0.007)。PDS组:餐后饱胀评分和症状总分分别与焦虑、抑郁及餐后30min饱胀评分均呈正相关(r=0.407,P=0.015;r=0.405,P=0.016;r=0.390,P=0.021;r=0.382,P=0.023;r=0.462,P=0.005;r=0.359,P=0.034)。重叠组:症状与各参数之间均无相关性(P0.05)。[结论]虽然与HC组比较,FD患者存在焦虑抑郁、胃容受性受损及内脏高敏感,但3个亚组间这些病理生理机制均无明显差异。各亚组症状与病理生理机制之间的相关性并不一致。     

功能性消化不良不同亚型患者心理因素的比较研究

背景:焦虑、抑郁、躯体化是影响功能性消化不良(FD)患者生活质量的重要因素,但与FD各亚型之间的关系尚不完全清楚。目的:探索焦虑、抑郁和躯体化对FD各亚型患者的影响。方法:应用焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)、抑郁自评量表(PHQ-9)、躯体化症状自评量表(PHQ-15)、悉尼消化不良指数简表(NDI)和消化不良症状严重度量表(DSS)分别评估223例FD患者的焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、生活质量和消化不良严重度,并分析焦虑、抑郁、躯体化对FD各亚型生活质量和消化不良的影响。结果:EPS、PDS和EPS与PDS重叠组的GAD-7、PHQ-9、PHQ-15、NDI、DSS评分相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。FD各亚型患者的生活质量与焦虑、抑郁和躯体化均相关(P0.05),而消化不良严重度仅与躯体化相关(P0.05)。抑郁和躯体化是影响FD各亚型患者生活质量的因素(P0.05),躯体化是影响各亚型患者消化不良的因素(P0.05)。结论:EPS与PDS症状重叠患者的焦虑、抑郁、躯体化较EPS、PDS患者严重,对生活质量和消化不良的影响亦更大。     

功能性消化不良患者血浆脑肠肽及白介素6与精神心理因素关系的研究

目的探讨功能性消化不良(FD)患者外周血浆神经肽S受体-1(NPSR1)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、白介素6(IL-6)的水平变化与精神心理因素的关系。方法选取136例FD患者,其中餐后不适综合征(PDS)组77例,上腹痛综合征(EPS)组59例,以同期40名健康人作为对照组,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对FD患者的焦虑、抑郁情况进行评估,采用ELISA法检测血浆中NPSR1、IL-6、CGRP的浓度,分析FD不同亚型NPSR1、IL-6、CGRP及其与焦虑、抑郁之间的相关性。结果 PDS组、EPS组的焦虑、抑郁评分均高于对照组(P0.01),PDS组焦虑评分高于EPS组(P0.01)。PDS组中,SAS评分与SDS评分呈正相关(P0.05)。FD组中,NPSR1水平与焦虑评分呈负相关(P0.01);PDS组中,NPSR1水平与焦虑评分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 FD患者存在明显焦虑、抑郁,精神心理因素与FD的发生密切相关,在PDS组患者中更明显,焦虑、抑郁对FD的发生起促进作用,它在FD不同亚型的发病中所起的作用存在差异。NPSR1参与调节FD患者的焦虑情绪,PDS组患者的焦虑情绪影响NPSR1的分泌,对焦虑或抑郁的FD患者进行药物治疗及心理治疗等综合治疗措施,能提高疗效,改善患者的生活质量。     

不同亚型功能性消化不良并发抑郁、焦虑症状情况及对患者生活质量的影响

目的观察功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)的3种亚型餐后不适综合征(postprandial distress syndrome,PDS)和上腹疼痛综合征(epigastric painsyndrome,EPS)以及PDS重叠EPS患者的抑郁、焦虑症状情况及对生活质量(qualityoflife,QOL)的影响。方法 144例FD患者分成3组,采用综合医院焦虑,抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depressive scale,HADS)及SF-36评分。结果 PDS组抑郁、焦虑及抑郁合并焦虑的患病率为18.75%、29.17%、4.17%,EPS组为8.33%、14.58%、2.08%,EPS合并PDS组为27.08%、45.83%,10.42%;3组SF-36评分有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论不同亚型FD有不同的精神心理因素影响,PDS与PDS重叠EPS患者抑郁、焦虑症状及生活质量影响比EPS患者严重,特别是焦虑,尤以PDS重叠EPS者为甚。     

三种不同心理测评量表对功能性消化不良患者焦虑、抑郁状态的评估

背景：功能性消化不良（FD）与精神心理因素密切相关,客观评估FD患者的心理状态对理解消化不良症状产生的机制、指导选择综合治疗方案、客观评估疗效均具有重要意义。目的：比较汉密尔顿焦虑/抑郁量表（HAMA/HAMD）、Zung焦虑/抑郁自评量表（SAS/SDS）和罗马Ⅲ心理社会警报问卷（RPAQ）对FD患者焦虑、抑郁状态的检出一致性。方法：纳入2008年11月~2010年4月北京协和医院符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的FD患者,同时接受HAMA、HAMD他评以及SAS、SDS和RPAQ自评。结果：共纳入134例FD患者。HAMA对FD患者焦虑检出率为72.4%,明显高于SAS（24.6%）和RPAQ（31.3%）（P〈0.05）;HAMD对FD患者抑郁检出率为47.0%,与SDS无明显差异（44.0%,P〉0.05）,但明显高于RPAQ（20.9%,P〈0.05）。SDS与HAMD检出结果的总符合率为73.1%。HAMA/HAMD较SAS/SDS、RPAQ更易检出重度FD患者合并的焦虑和抑郁;SAS和RPAQ漏检约半数FD患者合并的中重度焦虑。结论：HAMA/HAMD较SAS/SDS、RPAQ更易发现FD患者合并的焦虑、抑郁状态,其检出率差异可能与量表不同的构成有关。     

疏肝解郁胶囊治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎疗效观察

[目的]观察疏肝解郁胶囊治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴焦虑抑郁患者的临床疗效。[方法]82例慢性萎缩性胃炎伴焦虑抑郁患者随机分为治疗组(41)例和对照组(41例),2组均给予中药基础方香苏散加减治疗,治疗组加用疏肝解郁胶囊,对照组加用黛力新,疗程均为2个月。对比观察2组的疗效情况。[结果]与治疗前相比,治疗组治疗后症状明显缓解,有效率为92.68%,较对照组(78.05%)显著提高,2组症状积分,胃镜病理活检积分,HAMA、HAMD评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]对慢性萎缩性胃炎伴焦虑、抑郁状态患者行中草药联合疏肝解郁胶囊治疗能改善胃肠症状,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态,值得推广应用。     

Patients’ experiences of a diagnosis of Hughes’ syndrome

The objectives of the study were to describe the experience of patients immediately prior to a diagnosis of Hughes syndrome (HS) or antiphospholipid syndrome and post-diagnosis. A questionnaire survey was carried out set in the Hughes Syndrome Foundation, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, 2006. Participants were all patients who are members of the Hughes Syndrome Foundation. The main outcome measures were responses to a questionnaire relating to the experiences of people with a diagnosis of HS, such as number of hospitalisations, number of consultants seen, number of miscarriages, etc. A total of 157 patients completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 60.4%. Most (85%) were women and mean age was 46 years (SD 12). The median time to diagnosis was 3 years. The median number of consultants seen was 2 (max 19) with a median time in hospital pre-diagnosis of 10 days. The most common initial diagnoses were migraines, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Among women, 46% had had a miscarriage. Two thirds of respondents thought a blood test would have led to an earlier diagnosis. Comments from patients indicated a lack of awareness among specialists and general practitioners. The survey demonstrated a long time lag for diagnosis of Hughes syndrome, with increased costs to the NHS and emotional and financial cost to the patient. Greater awareness of this condition would benefit patients and the NHS.     

遗传性低钾失盐性肾小管病临床分析

目的：分析遗传性低钾失盐性肾小管病的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析上海瑞金医院肾内科住院治疗Bartter综合征和Gitelman综合征共23例，其中经典型Bartter综合征4例，Gitelman综合征19例。结果：4例Bartter综合征发病年龄4月-33岁，临床上以多饮、多尿、乏力主要表现，2例患儿表现为脱水、呕吐、生长发育障碍；19例Gitelman综合征患者发病年龄10—52岁，临床上以双下肢无力、多饮、多尿、夜尿增加为主要表现，部分Gitelman综合征患者伴手足抽搐；实验室检查均表现为低血钾代谢性碱中毒，尿钾排出增加，血肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ及醛固酮明显升高。而血压正常；经典型Bartter综合征尿钙肌酐比〉0．2，Gitelman综合征表现为低血镁、低尿钙、低尿钙肌酐比〈0．2；补钾或联合消炎痛、安体舒通和门冬氨酸钾镁等药物治疗后症状缓解。结论：低钾失盐性肾小管病主要特点包括低血钾代谢性碱中毒、高尿钾、血肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮水平增高而血压正常，Bartter综合征和Gitelman综合征鉴别主要在发病年龄、血镁和尿钙水平，本病治疗应补钾、补镁、前列腺素合成酶抑制剂、醛固酮拮抗剂等多种药物联合应用。     

几种主要的先天性胆红素代谢障碍性肝病的临床及病理研究

目的回顾性研究并分析几种主要的先天性胆红素代谢障碍性肝病的临床及病理学特点。方法收集我院2000年以来7036例患者的活体肝组织穿刺病理学诊断（肝穿）资料,其中主要的几种先天性胆红素代谢障碍性肝病病例155例,包括Gilbert综合征115例,Dubin—Johnson综合征33例,Crigler-Najjar综合征5例,Roter综合征2例,并结合其临床资料、生化检查进行统计学比较分析;采用常规HE染色及胆色素、铁、铜、网状纤维和胶原纤维等特殊染色,结合部分免疫组织化学染色,探讨其临床及病理学特点。结果该组155例先天性胆红素代谢障碍性肝病病例占总肝穿病例的2．2％,男女比例为5：1。年龄2～49岁;病史1个月～39年;临床主要以眼黄、尿黄和皮肤黄染为主（60．0％）,其次为乏力和纳差（20．6％）、脾大（21．9％）及肝大（17．4％）、胆红素升高（16．1％）。实验室比较分析,Gilbert综合征和Crigler—Najjar综合征以间接胆红素（IBIL）增高为主,Dubin-Johnson综合征和Roter综合征以直接胆红素（DBIL）增高为主,其中有3例Dubin—Johnson综合征患者在发病过程中动态监测始终以IBIL增高为主;主要病理改变为：肝组织内小叶结构均基本完整,中央区周围／区域肝细胞浆内在Gilbert综合征和Crigler—Najjar综合征可见较细的棕褐色色素颗粒沉积,在Dubin—Johnson综合征可见较粗糙的棕黑色色素颗粒沉积,而Roter综合征几乎难觅色素颗粒;部分肝细胞轻度水样变性或脂肪变性,Kupffer细胞内无吞噬色素颗粒现象;小叶间胆管轻度增生,无纤维组织增生及界面炎改变。结论先天性胆红素代谢障碍性肝病病例以男性为主,发病年龄以青少年居多,临床表现及实验室检查具有一定特点,病史从几个月到十几年不等,未见慢性化病理改变,组织检查均显示其特殊的病理特征,但?     

Relapsing catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: report of three cases

BACKGROUND: The catastrophic variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), also now known as Asherson's syndrome, is defined as a potential life-threatening variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome, which is characterized by multiple small-vessel thrombosis that can lead to multiorgan failure. Relapses in patients with the CAPS are very uncommon. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory features of patients with relapsing episodes of CAPS. METHODS: Three patients with relapsing CAPS are presented with their clinical and laboratory features. RESULTS: Seven episodes of CAPS that occurred in the 3 patients reported were analyzed. The median time between the episodes of CAPS was 12.5 months (range, 2.5-48). Precipitating factors were identified in 2 episodes only (Legionella respiratory tract infection and periodontal infection). The most significant manifestations of the episodes were renal involvement (5 episodes), central nervous system and cardiac involvement (4 episodes), and pulmonary and hepatic involvement (3 episodes each). Interestingly, laboratory features of definite microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MHA) were present in 5 of 7 episodes of relapsing CAPS. The remaining episodes presented with thrombocytopenia, schistocytes, and anemia but data concerning hemolysis and Coombs tests were not reported. Rituximab was used in 2 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Relapses occur very infrequently in patients with the CAPS. The presence of MHA is common in these patients, suggesting that an association between MHA and relapses of CAPS could be present and that a "continuum" between various MHAs might exist, as recently suggested.     

Clinical and dermatologic aspects of the hereditary intestinal polyposes

Distinctive cutaneous lesions frequently accompany and occasionally precede the intestinal lesions in Gardner's syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and Muir's syndrome. Awareness of the dermatologic manifestations of these entities may facilitate early diagnosis in these potentially life-threatening hereditary disorders.     

Uncommon compressive neuropathies of upper limbs

To present the clinical features of less common entrapment neuropathies of upper limbs, introduce diagnostic tools, comment on the general bases of treatment, and create awareness of these conditions.Although these conditions are rare, adequate and rapid diagnosis is necessary to initiate appropriate treatment in a timely manner, in order to avoid further nerve insults, associated muscle atrophy, and their consequences in quality of life.     

Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases

The term “post-cardiac injury syndromes” includes post-myocardial infarction pericarditis, post-pericardiotomy syndrome, and post-traumatic pericarditis (iatrogenic, i.e. after percutaneous coronary or intracardiac interventions, such as pacemaker lead insertion, radiofrequency ablation, or non-iatrogenic, i.e. following blunt or penetrating trauma). All these conditions represent different clinical conditions characterized by an initial cardiac injury involving the pericardium/myocardium and/or pleura and the subsequent inflammatory syndrome ranging from simple, uncomplicated pericarditis to more complicated cases with pleuropericarditis, cardiac tamponade or massive pleural effusion. The etiopathogenesis is presumed to be immune-mediated in predisposed individuals that develop autoreactive reactions following the initial traumatic event. Treatment is essentially based on empirical anti-inflammatory therapy and adjunctive colchicine, which has been shown to be safe and efficacious for the prevention of pericarditis.     

复杂性嵌合体Klinefelter综合征合并代谢综合征一例

报道一例染色体类型为46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXXY嵌合体同时合并代谢综合征的Klinefelter综合征患者。     

Syndromic Disorders with Short Stature

Short stature is one of the major components of many dysmorphic syndromes. Growth failure may be due to a wide variety of mechanisms, either related to the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor axis or to underlying unknown pathologies. In this review, the relatively more frequently seen syndromes with short stature (Noonan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Silver-Russell syndrome and Aarskog-Scott syndrome) were discussed. These disorders are associated with a number of endocrinopathies, as well as with developmental, systemic and behavioral issues. At present, GH therapy is used in most syndromic disorders, although long-term studies evaluating this treatment are insufficient and some controversies exist with regard to GH dose, optimal age to begin therapy and adverse effects. Before starting GH treatment, patients with syndromic disorders should be evaluated extensively.