新疆和田地区维吾尔族百岁以上老人免疫功能检测研究

目的：研究新疆和田地区维吾尔族百岁以上老人的长寿因素。方法：检测和田地区维族百岁老人４４例（检测组）、和田地区６５岁以上维族老人３９例（对照１组）、和田地区６０岁以上汉族老人４７例（对照２组）及乌鲁木齐地区汉族老人４７例（对照３组）的血清、唾液免疫球蛋白、补体和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群数值。结果：检测组及对照１组免疫球蛋白明显高于对照２、３组（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｃ３、Ｃ４无差异而ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８有差异。检测组与对照１组唾液免疫球蛋白及补体无差异。结论：完善的免疫功能是长寿的必备因素。     

冬季坦克内环境污染及相应措施效果的调查研究

我们于１９９５年１１月对某部１５辆坦克空气及表面污染调查发现，坦克开动３０ｍｉｎ后空气污染严重可达１２４１１．６４ｃｆｕ／ｍ３，经开盖通风换气２０ｍｉｎ可降到３１８０．７５ｃｕｆ／ｍ３，细菌减少率为７４．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１），并达到我军冬季室内空气细菌总数＜４５００ｃｆｕ／ｍ３的标准，坦克内表面严重污染３１．５１ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２，经３％石炭酸或０．０５％洗必泰消毒３０ｍｉｎ均达到＜８ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２标准细菌减少率为８０％～９０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

+Gz作用下兔心脏功能的改变

为观察＋Ｇｚ作用下兔心脏功能的改变，７只新西兰兔经麻醉后依次分别暴露于＋２、＋４和＋６Ｇｚ，峰值持续时间为３０ｓ，增长率为１Ｇ／ｓ，每次暴露后恢复时间为１５ｍｉｎ。记录左心室内压、左心室内压变化速率、心电图等的变化。在＋２、＋４和＋６Ｇｚ作用下，左心室内压峰值较暴露前对照值分别降低６２．９６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６３．３４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）及８２．０１％（Ｐ＜０．０１），左心室内压最大上升速率分别降低５８．４６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、５３．５９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）及６３．０６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），左心室舒张末压分别降低６７．７８％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、３３２．７４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）及５００．５４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。除ＰｖＣＯ２在＋６Ｇｚ作用后即刻显著升高外（Ｐ＜０．０５），其余动、静脉血气结果在＋Ｇｚ作用后即刻较暴露前对照值均无显著性变化。＋Ｇｚ作用可引起兔心脏泵血功能显著降低。     

静脉内注射~（99m）Tc－MAA测定静动脉分流率的研究

采用吸纯氧法及用锝９９ｍ（~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ）标记的人体大颗粒聚合白蛋白（ＭＡＡ）静脉注射法测定２５名健康人及３０例慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者的静动脉分流率。吸纯氧法测得健康组及ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ分别为２．９±２．６％、６．４±４．５％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。核素法测得健康组ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ分别为１．２±０．７％、４．６±２．４％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。吸纯氧法测得ＣＯＰＤ组Ｑｓ／ＱＴ的均值（６．４％）是对照均值（３．９％）的２．２倍，而核素法测得ＣＯＰＤ组的均值（４．６％）是对照组（１．２％）的３．８倍，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：核素法是一种较之吸纯氧法灵敏、可靠、简便的测定Ｑｓ／ＱＴ的方法     

白介素6生物活性简易测定法及其临床应用

报道了应用白介素６（ＩＬ－６）依赖细胞株７ＴＤ１，以及ＭＴＴ比色法测定ＩＬ－６生物活性的简便方法。本法测定结果和￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法一致；检测灵敏度为１ｐｇ或１Ｕ／ｍｌ以下；可用于正常人或病人血清中ＩＬ－６水平的测定。采用本法检测了我国正常成人５５例，血清ＩＬ－６活性为６．７５±２．９８Ｕ／ｍｌ；而１１例肺结核排菌者和１２例肺癌患者的血清ＩＬ－６活性分别为１４．２９±８．４６和１７．１４±９．１２Ｕ／ｍｌ，与正常人有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１），为进一步临床应用奠定了基础。     

山莨菪碱对缺血再灌注损伤心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量影响…

麻醉大鼠心肌缺血１５ｍｉｎ，再灌１０ｍｉｎ，再灌前１ｍｉｎ分别静注山莨菪碱３．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和 ５．０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１、生理盐水１．０ｍｌ．ｋｇ＾－１，ＳＯＤ７５Ｕ．ｋｇ＾－１，然后取出心脏，用气相色谱法测定心肌膜脂质中主要脂肪酸含量。实验证明在缺血再注损伤肌膜脂质中，主要不饱和脂肪酸含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ能阻止其降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ａｎｉ与ＳＯＤ有类似作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后妇女冠心病患者血脂及胰岛素抵抗的近期影响

为探索小剂量雌激素（Ｅ）及Ｅ与孕激素（Ｐ）联合应用对妇女冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的防治机制。将１０８例绝经１年以上的ＣＨＤ患者随机分为３组各３６例，甲组口服ｐｒｅｍａｒｉｎ（倍美力）０．６２５ｍｇ１／ｄ，乙组口服ｌｉｖｉａｌ（利维爱）２．５ｍｇ，１／ｄ，丙组口服安慰剂１片／ｄ，于服药前及服药第３、６个月末检测血浆性激素、血脂谱、糖代谢等各项指标的变化情况。结果显示，ｐｒｅｍａｒｉｎ治疗３个月后可使ＴＣ降低１２．８％，ＴＧ降低１７％，ＬＤＬ－Ｃ降低２９％，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ上升１４．６％，Ｉｎｓ降低３７．８％，１／ＳＧ．Ｉｎｓ上升１倍（Ｐ均＜０．０１），６个月时与３个月治疗效果相同。而ＳＧ治疗前后无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ｌｉｖｉａｌ治疗３个月及６个月时ＴＣ降低８．７％，ＴＧ分别降低１５．６４及３３．８％、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ降低１９．７％及２８．３％（Ｐ均＜０．０１），ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、Ｉｎｓ、ＳＧ水平１／ＳＧ．Ｉｎｓ比值治疗前后无显著变化。安慰剂组治疗前后各指标均无显著变化。表明单用小剂量Ｅ可显著改善绝经后妇女ＣＨＤ患者的异常血脂谱、胰岛素抵抗，其作用显著优于Ｅ＋Ｐ联合疗法。     

血瘀证患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物的变化

为探讨纤溶系统活性与血瘀证的关系,对６２例血瘀证患者和６０名健康者进行了血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ ＰＡ）及其抑制物（ＰＡＩ）的活性测定,结果表明：血瘀证患者ｔ ＰＡ活性为（０．２７±０．０９）Ｕ／ｍｌ,显著低于对照组的（０．４７±０．１０）Ｕ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＰＡＩ的活性为（０．７１±０．１６）Ｕ／ｍｌ,显著高于对照组的（０．５７±０．１４）Ｕ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且二者均存在性别间的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ｔ ＰＡ的阳性率为７９０％,ＰＡＩ的阳性率为４８４％,从而提示,血瘀证的发生与体内纤溶系统失衡有关,ｔ ＰＡ、ＰＡＩ的检测,对血瘀证的诊断、药物疗效观察均具有一定的临床实用价值。     

ApoE基因敲除鼠12周游泳运动前后纤溶激活功能的改变

目的：探讨ＡｐｏＥ在长期有氧运动中影响纤溶激活作用中的有关机制。方法：以ＡｐｏＥ基因敲除（ＡｐｏＥ－／－）鼠为实验组、以相同遗传背景的Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ鼠为对照组建立运动模型。结果：１２周游泳后，对照组鼠ＴＧ（０．９６±０．３０ｖｓ０．５４±０．０７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＰＡＩ（０．９２±０．０７ｖｓ０．８０±０．０９ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５）降低，ｔＰＡ升高（０．６０±０．１２ｖｓ１．０４±０．２３ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＡｐｏＥ－／－鼠的ＴＧ（１．２８±０．３４ｖｓ１．２９±０．３２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）和ＰＡＩ（０．７４±０．１０ｖｓ０．７９±０．０４ＡＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＞０．０５）均没有显著变化，ｔＰＡ（０．７１±０．１５ｖｓ０．９７±０．１７ＩＵ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）升高。结论：长期有氧运动使对照小鼠纤溶激活作用明显改善，其机制与ＴＧ和含ＡｐｏＥ脂蛋白水平降低导致ＬＲＰ清除ｔＰＡ－ＰＡＩ作用加强、ＰＡＩ抑制作用减弱及ｔＰＡ合成水平增加有关。Ａｐ ｏＥ－／－鼠运动后，ＰＡＩ水平稳定而ｔＰＡ活性增加，提示ｔＰＡ合成作用增强。     

颈胸腹3切口治疗中晚期高位食管癌124例临床研究

为扩大中晚期高位食管癌手术适应证，提高远期效果，采用右进胸全食管切除、胸骨后全胃代食管、颈部食管（咽）胃吻合重建（简称本组或三野手术）。与同期左胸左颈手术组对照（简称对照组或二野手术），并经统计学处理。结果：右进胸７３例，肿瘤切除完成三野手术７０例，切除率９５．９％（７０／７３），术后并发症４例（５．７％），死亡１例（１．４％），近期治愈率９８．６％（６９／７０）。远期随访１、３、５、１０ａ存活率分别为８９．８％（６２／６９）、５８．９（４１／６９）、５５％（３８／６９）、２０％（１４／６９）。对照组６２例，肿瘤切除完成二野手术５４例，切除率８７．１％（５４／６２），术后并发症８例（１４．８％），死亡２例（３．７％）。远期随访１、３、５、１０ａ存活率分别为７７．７％（４０／５２）、５０．０％（２６／５２）、３４．６％（１８／５２）、１１．０％（６／５２）。两组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明：右进胸三野手术肿瘤切除率高，开胸时间短，对心肺功能干扰小，术后并发症少，淋巴结清扫彻底且安全，远期效果较二野手术好。     

Masthead,Volume 33, Issue 5

Hypertension is a common systemic disorder affecting the cardiovascular system and kidneys with important morbidity and mortality. However, hypertension is often thought of by radiologists as an “invisible” disease. The aim of this article is to first review hypertension first in terms of its diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical importance. Second, those causes of secondary hypertension that may be diagnosed with MRI techniques are described along with the effects of hypertension on the cardiovascular system and kidneys that are demonstrable with MRI with particular emphasis on renovascular disease. Lastly the use of integrated MRI protocols to evaluate the hypertensive patient and areas for future research are considered. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

MR in hypertension

Hypertension is a common systemic disorder affecting the cardiovascular system and kidneys with important morbidity and mortality. However, hypertension is often thought of by radiologists as an "invisible" disease. The aim of this article is to first review hypertension first in terms of its diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical importance. Second, those causes of secondary hypertension that may be diagnosed with MRI techniques are described along with the effects of hypertension on the cardiovascular system and kidneys that are demonstrable with MRI with particular emphasis on renovascular disease. Lastly the use of integrated MRI protocols to evaluate the hypertensive patient and areas for future research are considered.     

Driller wrist (vibratory arthropathy)

Driller wrist is an occupational disease with pathophysiologic changes resulting from recurrent use of vibratory tools. The entity includes the clinical finding of Raynaud phenomena with or without associated bone changes in the wrist. Osseous involvement is usually mild and is associated with cystic changes of the carpals and occasionally other structures. Two cases are reported, one with typical cystic abnormalities and the other with more severe disease which progressed to joint instability.     

Computed tomography studies on patients with mucopolysaccharidoses

Summary The appearances on computed tomography (CT) in eight patients with mucopolysaccharidosis Type I [five with classical Type IH (Hurler disease)], two with mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (Hunter disease) and two with mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB (Sanfilippo B disease) are presented. Reference is also made to two further cases [mucopolysaccharidosis VI and mucopolysacharidosis IIIB] in which the CT showed special features. Follow-up scans were obtained to assess the evolution of the changes. The interplay of neuronal damage, cerebral atrophy and obstruction to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in the production of the cerebral manifestations, and the extent to which non-genetic factors influence the expression of the underlying biochemical lesion, are discussed. This series of patients illustrates the problem of classifying those with -iduronidase deficiency, who do not have the classical Hurler disease phenotype (mucopolysaccharidosis IS and IH/S; Scheie disease and Hurler/Scheie disease), on the basis of currently available criteria. The place of CT in the diagnosis of complications due to thecal involvement is examined. The density of grey matter on the CT scans was similar to that of normal brain. Inhaled xenon did not produce any special enhancement which could be helpful in assessing the degree of the mucopolysaccharide deposition within cerebral cells. Symmetrical low attenuation in the white matter was a very common finding. It was not specifically associated with hydrocephalus and its relationship to some of the known neuropathological aspects of mucopolysaccharidoses is discussed. This work has shown that the stage in the evolution of the mucopolysaccharidoses at which hydrocephalus develops as a complication is highly variable and CSF diversion procedures are sometimes indicated to improve the quality of the patients' lives. These indications are briefly discussed. We consider that CT is essential for the adequate appraisal of these patients and to identify some treatable complications.     

新生儿肺炎140例临床X线分析

本文分析140例新生儿肺炎的临床和X线表现,探讨二者的特点和相互关系。本组病例包括支气管肺炎79例(56.43％),大病灶肺炎42例(30％)、大叶或节段性肺炎4例(2.86％)、间质性肺炎13例(9.28％)及临床表现典型而X线表现阴性2例(1.43％)。通过肺部体征和X线表现的对照分析,作者提出提高本病诊断率的注意事项。     

肝包虫病的CT表现

本文分析了经手术、病理证实的９９例肝包虫病的ＣＴ表现，其中单房型包虫囊肿９２例，肝泡型包虫病７例。各型包虫病有其特殊ＣＴ征象，应用ＣＴ扫描不仅可发现早期病变，并可检出各种合并症的病理形态改变，显著提高了本病的诊断准确率，本组ＣＴ术前诊断准确率为９８．９％。     

Monosegmental Hepatobiliary Fibropolycystic Disease Mimicking a Mass: Report of Three Cases

Hepatobiliary fibropolycystic diseases are a unique group of entities involving the liver and biliary tract, which are caused by abnormal embryologic development of the ductal plates at various stages. We experienced strange hepatobiliary fibropolycystic diseases with a complex mass composed of malformed ducts and biliary cysts, which did not belong to, and were different from, previously known malformations. They were unique in imaging and histologic features. We herein report three cases of monosegmental hepatobiliary fibropolycystic disease mimicking a mass.     

动脉法DSA在脑部疾病诊断中的应用

本文报道了我院50例经皮股动脉穿刺,单支导管选择性全脑DSA的应用情况。对于操做方法及其体会作了详细的介绍。通过分析讨论认为动脉法DSA对于脑部多种疾病的诊断、特别是脑血管性病变的诊断有着不可取代的作用,并较之普通脑血管造影有更多的优越性。     

踝臂指数在糖尿病性血管病变中的诊断意义

踝臂指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)作为一种无创且简单易行的检测方法,可较准确的评估糖尿病性下肢动脉病变、心脑血管病变的严重程度和预后判断。