含HIV-1 Tat基因重组反转录病毒表达载体构建与表达Tat蛋白功能检测

目的：构建含HIV-1 Tat基因重组反转录病毒表达载体及评价表达Tat蛋白的功能。方法：使用HindⅢ将HIV-1 Tat101蛋白编码基因从pEV质粒中切出，插入到表达质粒LZRSpBMN—Z中，构建成重组反转录病毒表达质粒IZRS-Tratl01。采用磷酸钙转染法将重组质粒LZRS-Tat101转染进含反转录病毒erw、gal和pol编码基因的包装细胞phoenix(φNX)中，嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定细胞系。免疫组化(IHC)染色检查Tat在临时转染和稳定转染删x细胞中的表达水平。收集临时转染和稳定转染包装细胞分泌的病毒上清，并分别感染293细胞，Western blot检测Tat在293中表达。与此同时，收集感染293细胞培养上清，加入到HL3T1细胞(HELa—HIV-1-LTR／CAT报告基因)中，共培养72h后收集细胞，提取蛋白作CAT活性检测。结果：①含Tat101基因重组反转录病毒表达质粒转染包装细胞后，Tat在临时转染φNX中表达水平显高于在稳定转染中的水平；②临时转染病感染293细胞，Tat在感染细胞中得到了表达，且分泌至上清中的Tat蛋白能够激活靶细胞HL3T1中HIV-1的LTR启动子，使得其下游的CAT基因得到表达。结论：重组IZRS-Tat101反转录病毒能够在其感染靶细胞中表达Tat蛋白，且表达蛋白具有转录激活功能。     

EBV-LMP1 C端RNA的体外转录合成及其靶脱氧核酶的初步筛选

目的 探讨用体外转录方法制备EBV-LMP1 C端RNA并用该RNA对其靶脱氧核酶进行初步筛选.方法 用巢式PCR方法从绒猴淋巴细胞系B95-8细胞中扩增EBV-LMP1 exon c,重组入pGEM-11zf载体,并用T7RNA聚合酶对其进行体外转录制备EBV-LMP1 C端RNA.根据该RNA的一、二级结构设计合成3种靶向10～23脱氧核酶,据体外剪切效率筛选高效特异的靶向脱氧核酶.结果 成功地构建含EBV-LMP1 exon c基因的重组质粒,用体外转录方法用1 μg质粒转录出40.25 μg高纯度的EBV-LMP1 C端RNA,有1种脱氧核酶DZ1对该RNA体外剪切效率达89%.结论 用T7RNA聚合酶体外转录方法成功制备了高纯度的EBV-LMP1 C端RNA,经体外剪切筛选出高效特异的1种脱氧核酶,为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

转录激活因子AP-2β基因的克隆、表达及其抗体的制备

目的：克隆、表达与纯化出AP—2β蛋白质，并用所表达的蛋白质制备出抗AP—2β的抗体。方法：将AP—2β基因插入到表达载体pGEX—4T—1谷胱苷肽—S—转移酶基因下游，所得克隆经测序，以确定其阅读框码的正确性，然后用正确的克隆质粒转化E．coli BL21，用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导，而后用谷胱苷肤琼脂糖—4B纯化所表达的融合蛋白质。通过凝胶迁移率变动分析实验(EMSA)测得蛋白质的生物学活性，所得蛋白质用于制备抗体。结果：得到一条大约78KD的蛋白质，并且成功的制备了抗体，所得蛋白质和抗体均具有很好的生物学活性。结论：我们成功的表达出转录激活因子AP—2β并制备出抗AP—2β的抗体，为一下步对AP—2β的功能进行研究打下了良好的基础。     

PKD1对HeLa 细胞中AP1的转录激活作用

目的 研究蛋白激酶D1(PKD1)对人HeLa细胞中AP1转录激活作用,为探讨PKD1作用的AP1靶基因的功能作用奠定基础.方法 首先将对照质粒pcDNA3.1、PKD1野生型质粒(pcDNA-PKD1)或无激酶活性突变型质粒pcDNA-PKD1-DN与AP1转录活性报告质粒pAP1-luc及内参照报告质粒pRL-SV40共转染人HeLa细胞,同时将对照siRNA(si-CTL)或PKD1 siRNA(siRNA-PKD1)与AP1转录活性报告质粒pAP1-luc及内参照报告质粒pRL-SV40也共转染人HeLa细胞.转染48 h后,分别收集细胞裂解液进行Western blot 检测外源性PKD1过表达或内源性PKD1敲低状况,并以Promega双报告基因分析试剂盒测定AP1荧光素酶活性,计算AP1相对转录活性.结果 Western blot证实HeLa细胞中外源性pcDNA-PKD1、pcDNA-PKD1-DN过表达,而且siRNA-PKD1明显敲低HeLa细胞中内源性PKD1表达;双色荧光素酶报告基因检测表明,与对照质粒pcDNA3.1比较,pcDNA-PKD1过表达明显增强AP1转录活性(P<0.05),相反,与pcDNA-PKD1比较,pcDNA-PKD1-DN过表达则明显降低AP1转录活性(P<0.05).与之相符,与si-CTL比较,siRNA-PKD1对内源性PKD1敲低,也明显抑制AP1转录活性(P<0.01).结论 PKD1表达和激酶活性增强HeLa细胞中AP1转录激活,提示PKD1 可能通过AP1调控相关靶基因表达.     

糖核酸内切酶Ⅲ制备的小干扰RNA(esiRNA)文库对乙肝病毒感染的基因治疗

目的 建立HBV esiRNA文库并研究该文库对HepG2.215细胞内HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)表达的抑制效应。方法 制备并纯化大肠杆菌核糖核酸内切酶Ⅲ GST 融合蛋白（GST RNaseⅢ）;设计并制备HBV基因组序列1~540核苷酸（HBV-1)的双向转录模板(T7-HBV-1);体外转录该模板获得双链RNA(dsRNA),即T7-HBV-1 dsRNA;用GST-RNaseⅢ酶切T7-HBV-1 dsRNA制备HBV小干扰RNA文库(esiRNA library）;应用50、100和150nmol/L纯化的esiRNA文库转染携带HBV病毒的HepG2.215细胞并应用实时定量PCR及ELISA检测HBsAg的转录和蛋白翻译表达水平。结果 成功制备并纯化有活性的GST-RNaseⅢ;用该酶将体外制备的dsRNA酶切并纯化得到esiRNA文库;应用该文库成功抑制了HepG2.215细胞内的HBV HBsAg的表达,并且其抑制作用随esiRNA浓度升高而增强。结论 用生物学方法制备的HBV esiRNA文库可以成功抑制HBV HBsAg在细胞内的表达,为预防治疗HBV感染开辟了新的思路。     

HIV-1 Ta填核表达载体的构建及在Huh-7细胞中表达

目的构建1型人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)反式激活因子(Tat)基因真核表达质粒,并研究该质粒在真核细胞中的有效表达。方法以含有HIV-1全长基因的质粒pNL4-3为模板,通过PCR扩增HIV-1tat第一外显子,应用基因工程技术将扩增的基因片段插入真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1( ),构建重组真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1-tat,经限制性内切酶酶切分析及测序鉴定正确后,应用脂质体转染技术转染入人体肝癌细胞系Huh-7细胞。RT-PCR检测其基因转录情况,Westernblot鉴定其是否能够表达相应的目的蛋白质。结果成功扩增了Tat基因,酶切和测序证明正确构建了重组真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1-tat,RT-PCR和Westernblot方法证实该质粒能在Huh-7真核细胞中有效表达HIV-1Tat目的蛋白质。结论成功构建了HIV-1Tat基因的真核表达质粒载体,并在Huh-7细胞中表达,为在Huh-7细胞模型中研究Tat的功能奠定了基础。     

RNAi的机制及RNAi技术的应用

1995年，Guo和Kemphues试图利用反义和正义RNA影响秀丽新小杆线虫中的par-1基因表达，结果意外的发现二者同样地抑制了par-1基因的表达。到1998年，Fire等证实了正义RNA抑制基因表达，以及过去的反义RNA对基因表达的阻断，都是由于体外转录所得RNA中污染了微量双链RNA而引起。当他们将体外转录得到的单链RNA纯化后注射线     

应用RNAi技术沉默survivin基因对肾癌786-O细胞的影响

目的 运用RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)技术特异性阻断肾癌786-O细胞系中survivin基凶的表达,并研究survivin沉默后对786-O细胞的影响.方法 用真核转录载体pcDNA~(TM)6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR构建针对survivin基因的干扰载体,用脂质体法转染肾癌786-O细胞,通过RT-PCR、免疫组化分别检测survivin基因的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,MTT法检测细胞生长的影响.结果 干扰载体有效地阻断了786-O细胞中survivin基因在mRNA与蛋白水平上的表达,细胞活性受到抑制.结论 RNAi技术沉默survivin基因可以下调肾癌786-O细胞survivin基因的表达,抑制细胞的活性.     

RNA干扰技术特异性抑制肾癌survivin表达的实验研究

目的:体外转录合成survlvin siRNA(Small interference RNA,siRNA),观察其在肾癌786-O细胞株中抑制survivin的表达情况.方法:体外转录合成3组survivin序列特异性双链RNA(Double-stranded RNA,dsRNA),转染786-O细胞株中,用RT-PCR和Western blot检测转染后survivin基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达,MTT法检测细胞活性.结果:有2组转染特异性siRNA的786-O细胞表达survivin mRNA及蛋白均下调.活性受到抑制,另一组效果不明显.结论:体外转录合成特异性survivin siRNA能有效抑制肾癌786-O细胞中survivin的表达,抑制细胞的活性,RNA干扰(RNA interfering,RNAi)技术可能为肾癌的基因治疗提供一种新策略.     

AP2α荧光素酶报告基因的构建及在BMPs诱导成骨分化研究中的应用

目的构建一种携带转录蛋白AP2α效应元件的荧光素酶报告基因载体,并应用于筛选BMPs对AP2α转录活性的影响。
方法设计4个串联的AP2α效应元件(AP2α-RE),将其克隆至经Bam HⅠ和MluⅠ双酶切的pBGLuc荧光素酶报告基因质粒构
建pBGLuc-AP2α-RE载体。重组腺病毒Ad-AP2α及其两种显性负性突变体Ad-dnAP2α感染小鼠间充质干细胞C3H10,通过
Real-time PCR、Western blot检测AP2α的mRNA和蛋白水平表达,EMSA检测AP2α的DNA结合能力。pBGLuc-AP2α-RE转染
C3H10细胞,荧光素酶报告基因检测同上各组AP2α的转录活性。Ad-BMPs感染pBGLuc-AP2α-RE转染的C3H10细胞,荧光素
酶报告基因筛选BMPs对AP2α转录活性的影响。结果经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定,证实AP2α-RE正确克隆至pBGLuc-AP2α-RE
荧光素酶报告基因载体,Ad-AP2α感染能显著提高AP2α的表达及结合DNA的能力。显性负性突变体可以表达各自的突变体,
EMSA结果显示Ad-dnAP2α-△bHLH组能显著抑制AP2α结合DNA的能力,而Ad-dnAP2α-△TAD组结合的DNA探针强于对
照组。荧光素酶报告基因提示AP2α过表达组能促进AP2α转录活性,而两种显性负性突变体均能抑制AP2α转录活性。重组腺
病毒BMPs感染组的AP2α转录活性均有增高,其中BMP9最为显著。结论成功构建携带转录蛋白AP2α效应元件的荧光素酶
报告基因载体用于检测AP2α的转录活性,并初步发现BMP9对AP2α的转录活性有明显的促进作用。
     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.