缺血预适应对肢体缺血再灌注大鼠肝脏的保护效应

目的 观察缺血预适应(IPC)对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注后肝脏损伤的影响,以进一步探讨IPC对肢体缺血再灌注后肝脏功能的保护作用。方法 实验用雄性Wistar大鼠18只,随机分为对照(Control)组,缺血再灌注(IR)组和缺血预处理(IPC IR)组．每组6只。分别测定血浆谷草转氧酶(ALT)、谷丙转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)．血浆和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化及肝组织的湿/干重比值(W／D)、髓过氧化物酶含量(MPO)及DNA双链百分率(Ratio of DNA Chain％)。结果 发现IPC减轻了肢体IR后引起的ALT、AST、LDH、XOD、MDA、MPO、W／D含量的升高．并且增加了SOD以及肝组织中DNA双链百分率。结论 IPC对肢体IR继发的肝脏功能损伤具有保护作用。     

Protein kinase C and G(i/o) proteins are involved in adenosine- and ischemic preconditioning-mediated renal protection

Renal ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury is a significant clinical problem in anesthesia and surgery. Recently, it was demonstrated that both renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and systemic adenosine pretreatment protect against renal IR injury. In cardiac IPC, pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins (i.e., G(i/o)), protein kinase C (PKC), and ATP-sensitive potassium (K+(ATP)) channels are implicated in this protective signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathways that are responsible for renal protection mediated by both IPC and adenosine pretreatment. In addition, because A1 adenosine receptor antagonist failed to block renal IPC, whether activation of bradykinin, muscarinic, or opioid receptors can mimic renal IPC was tested because these receptors have been implicated in cardiac IPC. Rats were acutely pretreated with chelerythrine or glibenclamide, selective blockers of PKC and K+(ATP) channels, respectively, before IPC or adenosine pretreatment. Some rats were pretreated with pinacidil (K+(ATP)channel opener), bradykinin, methacholine, or morphine before renal ischemia. Twenty-four h later, plasma creatinine was measured. Separate groups of rats received pertussis toxin intraperitoneally 48 h before being subjected to the above protective protocols. IPC and adenosine pretreatment protected against renal IR injury. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin and chelerythrine abolished the protective effects of both renal IPC and adenosine. However, glibenclamide pretreatment had no effect on either renal IPC or adenosine-induced renal protection, indicating no apparent role for K+(ATP) channels. Moreover, pinacidil, bradykinin, methacholine, and morphine failed to protect renal function. Therefore, the conclusion is that cellular signal transduction pathways of renal IPC and adenosine pretreatment in vivo involve G(i/o) proteins and PKC but not K+(ATP) channels. Unlike cardiac IPC, bradykinin, muscarinic, and opioid receptors do not mediate renal IPC.     

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic microcirculation and function in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may protect the liver from ischemia reperfusion injury by nitric oxide formation. This study has investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic microcirculation (HM), and the relationship between nitric oxide metabolism and HM in preconditioning. Rats were allocated to 5 groups: 1. sham laparotomy; 2. 45 minutes lobar ischemia followed by 2-hour reperfusion (IR); 3. IPC with 5 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion before IR; 4. L-arginine before IR; and 5. L-NAME + IPC before IR. HM was monitored by laser Doppler flowmeter. Liver transaminases, adenosine triphosphate, nitrites + nitrates, and guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were measured. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) distribution was studied using nicotinamide adeninine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry. At the end of reperfusion phase, in the IR group, flow in the HM recovered partially to 25.8% of baseline (P < .05 versus sham), whereas IPC improved HM to 49.5% of baseline (P < .01 versus IR). With L-arginine treatment, HM was 31.6% of baseline (NS versus IR), showing no attenuation of liver injury. In the preconditioned group treated with L-NAME, HM declined to 10.2% of baseline, suggesting not only a blockade of the preconditioning effect, but also an exacerbated liver injury. Hepatocellular injury was reduced by IPC, and L-arginine and was increased by NO inhibition with L-NAME. IPC also increased nitrate + nitrate (NOx) and cGMP concentrations. NOS detected by NADPH diaphorase staining was associated with hepatocytes and vascular endothelium, and was induced by IPC. IPC induced NOS and attenuated HM impairment and hepatocellular injury. These data strongly suggest a role for nitric oxide in IPC. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:1182-1191.)     

缺血预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤的延迟保护作用及机制

目的 研究缺血预处理(IPC)对大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤的延迟保护作用,并探讨线柱体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP通道)在这种保护机制中的作用. 方法 SD大鼠随机分为5组(每组8只).IPC组以肝缺血5 min作预处理;DE组以静脉注射mitoKATP通道选择性开放剂二氮嗪(DE)作为预处理;IPC+5-HD组是在IPC组基础上再予静注mitoKATP通道特异性阻滞剂5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD)进行预处理;对照组(C组)仅以静注等量生理盐水作为预处理;上述4组均在预处理24 h后行肝缺血1 h再灌注3 h,缺血方式均为70%肝脏热缺血.假手术组(S组)仅行两次开腹手术,不作其它处理.完成预定实验操作后取血用于血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测,切取肝组织用于测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、湿重/干重(W/D)及观察显微及超微结构变化. 结果 C组ALT,LDH,MDA及W/D值明显高于S组(P<0.01),而SOD活性明显低于S组(P<0.01),肝脏的显微及超微结构损伤明显;IPC组与DE组的各项肝损伤指标均明显好于C组(P<0.05及P<0.01);IPC+5-HD组的肝损伤指标均差于IPC组(P<0.05及P<0.01). 结论 缺血预处理对正常大鼠肝脏I/R损伤具有延迟保护作用,肝细胞mitoKATP通道的开放在其中发挥了重要作用,作用途径可能与诱导肝脏SOD活性增加,改善肝组织微循环,减轻肝脏水肿有关.     

S-腺苷蛋氨酸对大鼠缺血再灌注肝脏能量代谢的影响

目的研究S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤线粒体功能的影响。方法54只大鼠按随机数字表法随机均分为对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和SAM组,SAM组大鼠肝脏在缺血前2h行腹腔注射SAM预处理。3组动物在阻断肝门30min后(对照组仅做分离,不阻断肝门)复流,并于再灌注后0、1和6h抽取下腔静脉血检测ALT及AST,切取肝组织检测线粒体SOD、MDA、ATP及EC,并制备病理切片在电镜下观察线粒体的超微结构。结果再灌注后0、1及6h,I/R组ALT、AST和MDA明显高于对照组(P<0.01),SOD(除0h外)、ATP及EC明显低于对照组(P<0.01);SAM组ALT、AST及MDA(除0h外)明显低于I/R组(P<0.01),SOD(除0h外)、ATP及EC明显高于I/R组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。超微结构观察,I/R组线粒体较对照组有明显的损伤,线粒体数量减少,肿胀明显,嵴模糊不清,基质密度低;而SAM组与I/R组相比损伤程度明显减轻。结论SAM能抑制线粒体脂质过氧化反应,提高ATP的产生,最终提高线粒体的能量代谢水平,有效地减轻肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤。     

Effects of ischemic preconditioning on regenerative capacity of hepatocyte in the ischemically damaged rat livers

BACKGROUND: Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is regulated by several factors that activate or inhibit hepatocyte proliferation. A short period of ischemia-reperfusion (IR), called ischemic preconditioning (IPC), protects the liver against subsequent sustained ischemic insults. The present study investigated the effects of IPC on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy under IR in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to 45 min of total hepatic ischemia, and 70% hepatectomy was performed just before reperfusion. Animals were pre-treated with either IPC (10/15 min) (IPC + PHx group) or not (ischemia + PHx). The survival rate, serum transaminases, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels, hepatocyte proliferation and histological change of the remnant liver were measured in both groups and compared with non-ischemic controls subjected to 70% hepatectomy alone (PHx group). RESULTS: The survival rate was significantly better in the IPC + PHx group than in the ischemia + PHx group. Furthermore, IPC reduced liver injury determined by liver histology and serum transaminases. There was an early rise in serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in the ischemia + PHx group. Compared with non-ischemic controls, IPC significantly decreased TNF-alpha, but not IL-6 during the late (24 and 48 h) phases of reperfusion. Rats subjected to 70% hepatectomy and 45 min of hepatic ischemia showed significantly reduced hepatocyte proliferation (mitotic index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and relative liver weight) when compared with animals subjected to hepatectomy alone. However, hepatocyte proliferation was markedly increased in rats pretreatment with IPC when compared with ischemic controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ischemic pre-conditioning ameliorates the hepatic injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion and has a stimulatory effect on liver cell regeneration that may make it valuable as a hepatoprotective modality. Il-6 appears to be key mediator in promoting regeneration after combined ischemia and hepatic resection.     

麦角新碱预处理对减轻大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的 探讨使用外源性药物麦角新碱预处理对减轻大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的作用.方法 在大鼠的门静脉-左肾静脉搭桥、肝后下腔静脉内置管分流法自体原位肝移植模型中,于肝门阻断前10 min经大鼠尾静脉注射麦角新碱;观察移植肝缺血前和再灌注后5 min、30 min、2 h时血清一氧化氮(NO)和血浆内皮素1(ET1)水平以及NO/ET1的比值变化;测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)酶学差异和肝组织内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化;再灌注2 h取肝组织检测肝细胞、肝小叶超微结构.结果 应用麦角新碱预处理的大鼠移植肝缺血前门脉血浆中ET1升高(P＜0.01),但再灌注后5 min、30 min时,血浆中ET1水平降低(P＜0.05);而缺血前NO/ET1比值降低(P＜0.01),再灌注后5 min时,NO/ET1比值升高(P＜0.01);再灌注后ALT的升高有逐渐降低趋势;再灌注后2 h肝细胞内超微结构的损害程度减轻.结论 使用麦角新碱预处理能减轻大鼠移植肝缺血再灌注损伤.移植肝缺血再灌注损伤的靶细胞是肝血窦内皮细胞,NO/ET1比值平衡可能是影响移植肝微循环血流量变化的调节因素.     

Bile duct exclusion from selective vascular inflow occlusion in rat liver: role of ischemic preconditioning and N-acetylcysteine on hepatic reperfusion injury

AIM: To study the effects of N-acetylcysteine and ischemic preconditioning on the portal triad clamping compared to arterial and portal clamping alone. METHODS: Eighty EPM 1-Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, depending on inclusion (Group 1) or not (Group 2) of the bile duct in the hepatic vascular pedicle occlusion. Each group was divided into four subgroups as follows. IR 1: 20 minutes after celiotomy, the pedicle containing vascular elements and bile duct to the left lateral and median liver lobes was occluded for 40 minutes, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. IPC 1: after 10 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion, the ischemic preconditioning period, the rats were submitted to the same procedure described for IR 1 Group. NAC 1: the rats received N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg) 15 minutes before 40 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes before 30 minutes of reperfusion. SHAM 1: The hepatic pedicle for the lateral and median liver lobes was dissected after 20 minutes, the bile duct alone was clamped for 40 minutes, and released for an additional 30 minutes. In the IR 2, IPC 2, and NAC 2 groups, ischemia was achieved with an exclusive vascular occlusion. SHAM 2: dissection and observation for 90 minutes. The blood was sampled for liver enzyme levels. Statistical analysis was done (P 相似文献   

Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning against intermittent warm-ischemia-induced liver injury

BACKGROUND: Although ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to protect the liver from injury when subjected to continuous hepatic ischemia, whether IPC protects rat livers against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after intermittent ischemia has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of Wistar rats were subjected to intermittent hepatic ischemia (I) comprising 15-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion three times with or without prior IPC (10-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion), 45-min continuous ischemia (C) with or without IPC, and sham operation. Serum transaminase and lactic acid levels, hepatic tissue energy charges, and hepatic blood perfusion were measured after reperfusion. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were determined after reperfusion for 120 min. Histological and apoptotic findings were evaluated after reperfusion for 180 min. RESULTS: IPC significantly reduced serum transaminase levels after continuous and intermittent ischemia (IPC + C, 1107 vs C, 2684 IU/l; IPC + I, 708 vs I, 1859 IU/l). After hepatic ischemia without IPC, apoptosis and necrosis with increased plasma TNF-alpha levels were observed. IPC protected livers from injury by interfering with the increase in plasma TNF-alpha (IPC + I, 27.6 vs I, 64.8 pg/ml; IPC + C, 21.6 vs C, 49.3 pg/ml). This resulted in the attenuation of hepatic necrosis after continuous ischemia and significantly reduced necrosis and apoptosis after intermittent ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: IPC exerts a greater protective effect against hepatic I/R injury after intermittent hepatic ischemia than after continuous hepatic ischemia.     

不同时限缺血预处理对硬化肝脏保护作用的实验研究

目的: 探讨缺血预处理对硬化肝脏缺血再灌注的作用,并寻找一种有效缺血预处理的时间窗和理想方案. 方法: 将64只雄性、肝硬化SD大鼠随机分为八组,每组八只:假手术组(SO组);缺血再灌注组(I/R组);缺血预处理1、2、3、4、5和6组(IPC1、IPC2、IPC3、IPC4、IPC5和IPC6).以肝组织ATP、ADP、AMP及EC(用高效液相色谱法测定),血清ALT、AST、LDH(用全自动生化仪测定)和肝脏胆汁分泌量来评价肝功能. 结果: 再灌注末,IPC3组、IPC4组、IPC5组ATP含量均明显高于I/R组(P分别为0.01、0.07和0.000);同样,测定EC时发现,IPC3组、IPC4组和IPC5组均明显高于I/R组(P=0.000).与I/R组比较,IPC4组和IPC5组的血清ALT差异有显著性(P分别为0.013和0.000);其血清LDH差异亦有显著性(P=0.023,P=0.000),而血清AST却只有IPC5组显著低于I/R组(P=0.001).IPC3组、IPC4组和IPC5组肝脏的胆汁分泌量明显高于I/R组(P=0.028,P=0.023,P=0.008). 结论: 5~10min予一次或两次缺血预处理,能启动IPC对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R损伤的保护作用;10 min的缺血预处理,对肝硬化大鼠肝脏I/R损伤的保护作用最强.     

Ischemic preconditioning prevents apoptotic cell death and necrosis in early and intermediate phases of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may be useful in attenuating the hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) syndrome by means of improving cell resistance to anoxia and reoxygenation and preventing cell death. Since there are insufficient data available regarding the chronology of preconditioning effects, we investigated the role of IPC, to test the hypothesis that liver protection would occur during the early and intermediate phases of the reperfusion period. Wistar rats (n = 72) were randomly assigned into six experimental groups, 12 animals each. A 40-min ischemia to the left lateral and median liver lobes was induced by selective hepatic pedicle clamping followed by 30 min or 240 min of reperfusion (IR30 and IR240). IPC groups (IPC30 and IPC240) underwent a 10 min of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion preceding the definitive 40-min ischemic period. Sham-operated animals were followed for 30 and 240 min. Hepatic enzymes and histological evaluation were performed after the reperfusion period. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR30 and IR240) induced marked increases in liver enzymes levels after 30 min and particularly after 240 min. IPC effectively attenuated those enzymatic increases. Microvesicular steatosis was observed after 30 min, but not 240 min, of reperfusion in both IPC and IR livers. Necrosis was detected in 66.7% of IR240 and only in 8.3% of IPC240. Both hepatocyte and sinusoidal apoptosis were markedly attenuated by IPC. We conclude that IPC provided protection against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in early and intermediate phases of the reperfusion period, reducing hepatic enzymatic leakage and ameliorating hepatic apoptosis and necrosis.     

Liver and lung late alterations following hepatic reperfusion associated to ischemic preconditioning or N-acetylcysteine

This study aimed the effect of n-acetylcysteine or ischemic preconditioning in hepatic and pulmonary damage after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Twenty-four male Wistar-EPM rats were assigned into four groups: (IR) Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion; (IPC) IPC achieved before hepatic ischemia; (NAC) Animals received NAC pretreatment; and Sham operated group. After 24 h of hepatic reperfusion, blood, liver, and pulmonary samples were evaluated. Nonparametric tests were used (P 相似文献   

山莨菪碱对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨山莨菪碱对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 将雄性Wistar大鼠制成肝脏缺血再灌注模型，随机分为正常对照组、缺血再灌注组、生理盐水组和山莨菪碱组，观察肝脏缺血60min再灌注1、3、6、12及24h后血浆和／或肝组织中内皮素－1（ET－1）、透明质酸（HA）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、丙二醛（MDA）和再灌注1h后肝细胞内游离Ca^2 ([Ca^2 ]i)、ATP含量变化以及肝组织病理学改变。结果 肝脏缺血再灌注后血浆和／或肝细胞中ET－1、HA、ALT、MDA和肝细胞内[Ca^2 ]u含量均显著升高，而肝组织中ATP含量明显降低；肝脏缺血再灌注前应用山莨菪碱2.0mg/kg者，血浆HA和肝细胞内[Ca^2 ]i含量明显降低，肝组织中MDA也有不同程度的降低，而肝组织中ATP含量明显升高，同时肝酶的漏出减少，肝组织病理学损害明显减轻。结论 山莨菪碱对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

Role of Purines on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Lesions in Rabbit

In this work, we evaluate the effects of adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) on hepatic lesions caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in liver rabbit. Rabbits were pretreated with ATP (15 mg/kg IV) or saline solution 0.9% (SS), before the hepatic I/R procedure. We evaluated the effects of ATP on hepatic injury before and after I/R. The warm hepatic I/R procedure caused profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels, as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All these changes were attenuate by ATP treatment before the hepatic I/R procedure. These results suggested that ATP exerted protective effects on hepatic I/R lesions in the rabbit. This ATP effect may be related to improved energy metabolism during reperfusion in ischemic livers protecting against functional damage of cellular and subcellular membranes during lipid peroxidation.     

Preconditioning protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) of an organ may induce protection against the injury caused by longer duration of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. In a standardized model of such injury in the rat liver, we used the following protocol to investigate whether adenosine played a role in IPC by preventing its enzymatic degradation by dipyridamole pretreatment according to the following protocol: group 1, non-ischemic control rats; group 2, ischemic control rats subjected to 60 minutes of ischemia by clamping of the common hepatic artery followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion; group 3, IPC with 10 minutes of ischemia followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion, prior to the ischemia/reperfusion period as in group 2; group 4, pharmacologic preconditioning with administration of dipyridamole prior to the ischemia/reperfusion period as in group 2. Peripheral liver blood flow was significantly reduced during clamping (groups 2 to 4). After unclamping, blood flow was still reduced in the ischemic rats (group 2) but had returned to preclamp values in the animals that had been subjected to ischemic (group 3) or pharmacologic (group 4) preconditioning. Liver cell injury was significantly increased in the ischemia group (group 2) only. In our experimental model of ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat liver, we found an equally beneficial effect with ischemic and pharmacologic preconditioning. Adenosine appears to be a crucial factor in IPC.     

Effects of molsidomine and lexipafant in hepatic ischaemia--reperfusion injury

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide donor molsidomine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist lexipafant on the hepatic IR injury in rats. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-225 g) were divided into five groups each containing 10 rats; group SO: Sham operation group; group I: hepatic ischaemia group; group IR: ischaemia-reperfusion (IR); group M: IR plus pretreatment with molsidomine; group L: IR plus pretreatment with lexipafant. Hepatic ischaemia and reperfusion, each were applied for 45 min. Hepatic specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and histological changes. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for determination of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS: The liver damage scores of groups I, IR, M and L were significantly higher than that of group SO (P < 0.001). The liver damage scores of groups IR and M were significantly higher than that of group I (P = 0.009 and 0.0035, respectively). The liver damage scores of groups M and L were significantly lower than that of group IR (P < 0.001 for both M and L). Mean MDA levels of groups I and IR were significantly higher than those of group SO (P < 0.001). Administrations of molsidomine and lexipafant prior to ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) resulted in significant reduction of the MDA values (P < 0.001). A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of AST, ALT and LDH was observed in groups M and L compared with group IR. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these observations suggest that pre-treatment with nitric oxide donor molsidomine and PAF antagonist lexipafant before the reperfusion period may be useful in preventing hepatic reperfusion injury.     

缺血预处理加用川芎嗪抑制肠缺血再灌注性肝细胞凋亡

目的研究缺血预处理加川芎嗪抑制肠缺血再灌注大鼠肝细胞凋亡并探讨其可能机制。方法健康SD大鼠50只,随机分为假手术对照(sham,S)组、肠缺血再灌注(intestine ischemical reperfusion,IIR)组、川芎嗪治疗(ligustrazine,LGT)组、缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IPC)组和川芎嗪 缺血预处理(LGT IPC)组5组。用免疫组化法检测肝组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达,用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP原位切口末端标记(terminal deoxynucle-otidyltransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)技术检测肝细胞凋亡,并测定肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果LGT IPC组肝细胞凋亡指数明显低于除S组外的其他各组,Bcl-2蛋白表达明显增多,Bax蛋白表达明显减少,Bcl-2/Bax比值增高。同时LGT IPC组肝组织SOD活性增高,MDA含量降低。结论缺血预处理与川芎嗪联合应用对抑制肠缺血再灌注所致的肝细胞凋亡具有显著的协同作用。     

Ergothioneine pretreatment protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by increasing hepatic heat shock protein 70

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion of the liver after ischemia induces the expression of the heat shock genes and the synthesis of the heat shock proteins (HSP). We studied the effects of the natural antioxidant ergothioneine (EGT) treatment on the expression of HSP70 in ischemic-reperfused (IR) liver. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group given standard laboratory chow and water for 3 weeks followed by sham operation; Control group given standard laboratory chow and water for 3 weeks followed by liver IR injury; EGT group given standard laboratory chow supplementation l-ergothioneine (1.2 mg/kg/d body weight) administered by gavage and water for 3 weeks followed by liver IR injury. Ten rats from each group were killed to determine serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), HSP70 levels, and histologic changes at 30, 60, and 120 min of reperfusion, respectively. Survival was followed for 1 week. RESULTS: IR caused significant increase in serum AST, ALT, LDH, and tissue MDA levels. As compared with the control group, animals treated with EGT experienced a significant decrease in serum AST, ALT, and LDH levels in all reperfusion periods. Tissue MDA levels in animals receiving EGT were significantly reduced as compared with control group at 30 min and 60 min after reperfusion. After ischemia, reperfusion caused a remarkable production of HSP70 in the control group. When the rats were pretreated with EGT, the levels of HSP70 increased significantly in their livers after reperfusion compared with the control group. Liver injury in the EGT-treated animals was lower to that in the control group. The 7-day survival rate was significantly improved (from 50% to 80%) by EGT pretreatment. CONCLUSION: HSP70 has been shown to induce tolerance against warm IR injury in rat livers. EGT pretreatment protects the liver from IR injury by over-expression of HSP and the subsequent suppression of lipid peroxidation.     

缺血后处理对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤早期的保护作用

目的 探讨缺血后处理（IPC）对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤早期的保护作用机理。方法 建立大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注模型，54只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（SO组）、对照组（IR组）和缺血后处理组（IPC组）。后处理组于完全再灌注前，给予多次短暂复灌复停作为缺血后处理。分别于再灌注后1h、3h及6h抽血进行血清ALT、AST活性及TNF-α表达测定，免疫组化测定肝脏NF-kB活性及ICAM-1的表达。结果 与SO组比较，IR组及IPC组再灌注后大鼠血清ALT、AST活性明显增高，肝脏NF-kB活性明显增强，TNF-α和ICAM-1表达也随之增加；同IR组相比，IPC组的血清ALT、AST活性明显降低，NF-kB活性及TNF-α和ICAM-1表达亦明显降低，差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 缺血后处理能够减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。其保护作用可能与通过抑制再灌注早期NF-kB的活性，降低了TNF-α和ICAM-1等炎性细胞因子水平有关。