产前超声筛查诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值

目的:探讨超声筛查诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值.材料和方法:超声筛查13 919例孕15～34周的孕妇,主要运用二维超声,采用连续顺序追踪超声检测法重点检测胎儿四肢.结果:引产后胎儿肢体畸形33例,产前超声检出32例,14例双足内翻、7例四肢短小畸形、3例肢体姿势异常、3例双侧桡骨缺失、1例双上肢前臂缺如、1例右小腿缺如、1例人体鱼序列征、3例多指(趾).其中22例合并其他畸形,1例漏诊及4例部分漏诊.结论:二维超声连续顺序追踪检测法是产前胎儿肢体畸形筛查的有效方法,能及早发现胎儿肢体畸形.     

胎儿肢体畸形产前超声诊断方法与评估

目的 总结胎儿肢体畸形的超声诊断方法,评估胎儿肢体畸形的超声诊断价值.方法 采用连续顺序追踪超声法(SCSA),对12 873例孕妇进行二维及三维超声检查,并与引产或生产结果对照.结果 12 873例孕妇中有15例13种48处胎儿肢体畸形,漏诊1例2处,发病率0.1%,检出准确率95.8%,其中单纯肢体畸形9例,合并其他畸形6例,致死性骨发育不良2例,非致死性骨发育不良4例,肢体局部畸形9例.主要肢体畸形有四肢严重短肢畸形2例,肢体近端短肢畸形2例,前臂缺如2例,手畸形6例,足内翻5例,六趾畸形1例.主要合并症有脑膨出,脐膨出,脊柱裂,十二指肠闭锁,多囊性发育不良肾.结论 结论:采用连续顺序追踪超声法(SCSA)是诊断胎儿肢体畸形的必要手段,二维及三维超声相结合明显提高了胎儿肢体畸形的诊断率,其诊断价值较肯定.     

二维超声结合三维超声诊断胎儿脊柱及四肢发育异常的应用分析

临床采取单纯二维超声进行胎儿畸形的筛查,能检查出部分脊柱或四肢方面形态结构明显改变的畸形,包括部分肢体或骨骼缺如、四肢短小、脊柱裂等,随着三维超声技术的日益成熟,利用三维表面成像或透明成像,重建胎儿表面及骨骼立体图像,对脊柱和四肢进行直观多方位的显示,能确切地对脊柱或四肢方面结构形态的异常提供诊断依据[1～3]。     

连续顺序追踪扫查法快速筛查胎儿肢体畸形的体会

目的探讨连续顺序追踪扫查法快速筛查胎儿肢体畸形在基层医院的应用及意义。方法采用连续顺序追踪扫查法对5652例孕妇进行胎儿肢体畸形的快速筛查,即沿自然伸展顺序依次分别检查胎儿上肢的肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、手;下肢的股骨、胫骨、腓骨、足及肢体的软组织,评价其发育情况,筛查出可能存在的畸形。结果 5652例孕妇产前超声共筛查出胎儿肢体畸形19例。其中单纯肢体畸形11例,合并其它结构畸形8例;单条肢体畸形8例,多条肢体畸形11例;引产13例,足月分娩6例;超声漏诊3例,部分漏诊1例,完全漏诊2例。结论连续顺序追踪扫查法筛查胎儿肢体畸形快速、安全,准确性高,具有重要的临床价值。     

连续顺序追踪超声法在产前超声筛查胎儿肢体畸形中的应用价值

目的探讨连续顺序追踪超声法（SCSA）在筛查胎儿肢体畸形中的应用价值。方法应用超声诊断仪对2011年5月至2013年5月在我院产前超声筛查的3680名孕18～24周的孕妇,行胎儿肢体SCSA检测,观察胎儿有无肢体形态、结构、姿势、运动等异常,仔细排查有无其他合并畸形,分析各种类型胎儿肢体畸形的超声声像图特征。结果SCSA共检出26例,13种69处胎儿肢体畸形,2例3处漏诊,其中单纯肢体畸形9例,肢体畸形合并其他结构异常19例,以上所有畸形病例均在我院引产后得到证实。结论SCSA是筛查胎儿肢体畸形的重要影像学诊断方法。     

规范产前超声检查诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值

目的:探讨规范产前超声检查诊断胎儿肢体畸形的价值。材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒超声仪对2008-08～2010-08保定市妇幼保健院行产前检查的41800例孕妇按照该院胎儿超声筛查规范进行检查。筛查分四个阶段:11～14周、18～24周、25～32周和33～足月,将其中的18～24周、25～32周作为常规检查肢体的两个重要时期。使用连续顺序追踪超声法(SCSA)检测胎儿四肢,观察胎儿肢体的形态、结构、姿势、运动情况。结果:检测出肢体异常53例,胎儿肢体畸形9种(桡骨缺如5例、前臂缺失1例、四肢短小畸形11例、手缺失5例、肢体姿势异常6例、足内翻10例、双侧股骨不等长2例、下肢小腿缺如1例、多(或)并指(趾)12例,其中21例合并其他畸形。本组病例均经产后证实。结论:规范的产前超声检查是诊断胎儿肢体畸形重要的影像学诊断方法,是胎儿超声筛查质量控制体系中的重要组成部分。     

胎儿下颌畸形的产前超声诊断分析

目的:探讨胎儿下颌畸形的产前超声表现、检查技巧及临床意义,提高此类畸形的产前检出率.材料和方法:对我院常规产前筛查或在外院超声检查发现其他异常来我科会诊的胎儿颜面部进行常规多切面扫查.先通过二维超声正中矢状切面主观目测有否下颌发育畸形,同时对可疑病例进行颜面部的冠状面及横切面补充扫查,仔细测量下颌骨前后径,并与双顶径进行比较,然后启动三维表面重建成像协助明确产前诊断.所有经产前超声诊断的病例均经引产后证实.结果:产前共检出下颌发育畸形胎儿11例,其中小下颌畸形9例,下颌骨缺失2例.结论:产前二维超声可以明确诊断胎儿下颌发育畸形,正中矢状切面是诊断此类畸形的首选切面;颜面部三维表面成像具有空间立体显像优势,可全面、直观地再现颜面结构的外形及细部缺陷,是提高胎儿颜面畸形诊断准确度的有效辅助手段.     

4D超声在胎儿畸形筛查中的应用

目的 :探讨4D超声在产前胎儿先天畸形筛查中的应用价值,提高先天性畸形的检出率。方法 :我院2012年10月至2014年6月对10 856例孕妇,分别于孕11~13周、孕18~24周及32周行超声检查,重点观察胎儿面部、脊柱、肢体及心脏等结构畸形,对病变部位行多切面扫查。结果:本组中,经引产及产后随访证实胎儿先天性畸形144例,发生率1.33%;超声检出126例,检出率87.5%,漏诊18例。结论:4D超声利用表面成像和透明成像法,对胎儿行立体成像,能动态连续显示胎儿宫内活动及表面结构,对胎儿畸形的检查具有较高的准确性,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

应用三维超声对胎儿体表畸形诊断的价值

目的:探讨胎儿体表畸形三维超声成像的诊断价值.方法:利用具有实时三维容积成像功能的超声诊断仪对7241名孕龄18～41周的胎儿进行二维和三维超声对照检查,统计两种超声成像胎儿体表畸形的检出率,与引产结果进行比对,分析三维超声成像的优势.结果:发现胎儿体表畸形42例,二维超声诊断正确者32例,三维超声进一步检查诊断正确者共39例,7例体表畸形胎儿二维超声检查不能作出明确诊断,二维及三维超声检查漏诊1例右手六指畸形,1例单纯腭裂畸形,1例小耳畸形.二维及三维超声对畸形诊断正确率分别为76.2%(32/42),92.9%(39/42).结论:三维超声图像立体、直观,对胎儿体表畸形的诊断优于单纯使用二维超声,有较高的临床应用价值,是提高产前诊断水平的一个可靠的技术手段.     

超声筛查在胎儿肢体畸形诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨超声筛查在胎儿肢体畸形诊断中的应用价值.方法 对24 350例产前超声筛查过程中出现的胎儿肢体畸形结果进行分析.结果 经超声筛查检出肢体畸形123例,其中86例经产前超声检查和引产后证实,其余37例合并其它畸形.对不同孕周的产前超声肢体畸形检出情况进行比较发现孕18～24周和孕25～32周的产前超声肢体畸形检出率最高,分别达到94.12％、93.75％,分别与孕11～14周和孕33周～足月比较,产前超声肢体畸形检出率均明显提高,且差异具有统计学意义（x2=6.32、5.85、4.58、4.69,P＜0.05）.结论 超声筛查是产前诊断胎儿肢体畸形的必要手段,能早发现胎儿肢体畸形,减少相应的漏诊.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.