便携式局部液冷服系统

YL-1A 型液冷服系统是高温作业人员防暑降温的较好装备。它液冷由服(包括液冷帽和液冷背心)和致冷装置两部分组成,中间由隔热管和断接器连起来。液冷服由致冷片和隔热层构成,致冷装置给系统提供循环冷却水,该系统用水冰作冷源,镉镍电池作电源,系统总重7.0kg,换热率189.8W,装冰量1.9kg,工作时间1.5h,液冷服穿戴方便、舒适,经多次试验和使用,系统防暑降温效果显著,安全可靠。     

对烧伤创面脓性分泌物的再认识

脓既是热损伤的病理产物,又是机体自我防御和修复的必然结果,它反应了热损伤与机体反损伤之间矛盾运动的内在规律性。热损伤造成机作组织坏死,坏死组织因机体反损伤而腐化脱落和再生修复,脓就是机体反损伤的生化产物。脓因于热而成于湿,脓出则热退;毒因脓散,有脓不感染,脓出则会增,无脓不长肉。     

Risk to police officers from biohazards encountered in police work

The risk of contracting infectious disease in the course of police work is reviewed. The specific focus is on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis and tuberculosis. A review of the relevant literature and an assessment of the biohazard risk specific to police work is provided. The risk of AIDS and hepatitis C is seen to be less than the risk of hepatitis B. For these blood borne diseases, universal precautions are recommended. The application of such precautions to policing is outlined. Immunisation against hepatitis B is recommended. Tuberculosis is seen as a possibly increasing risk. A programme of surveillance is recommended. A review of post-exposure management is provided.     

Cerebral sparganosis presenting as grand mal epilepsy

A rare case of cerebral sparganosis is described. This is an uncommon condition particularly in Europe. It is most frequently seen in SE Asia but may be found anywhere in the world. The life cycle of the causative organism is described and contrasted with the principal differential diagnosis of parasitic inflammatory lesions of the brain, Taenia solium, the causative organism of cysticercosis. The treatment of cerebral sparganosis is surgical and diagnosis is most commonly made at the time of pathological examination. The importance of pre-surgical diagnosis is stressed as the treatment of the cysticercosis is pharmacological.     

Fatal 'Bhang' poisoning.

A young adult male of about 25 years of age consumed a glass (about 300 ml) of Bhang on the holy occasion of ShivRatri. The deceased died within 24 hours of consuming the Bhang. The deceased had suffered from rheumatic heart disease with multiple valvular involvements. He had also undergone open-heart surgery in the past. Fatality due to Bhang is extremely rare and therefore the case is presented. An attempt is made to review the literature. Bhang is one of the Indian preparations of Indian hemp (Cannabis sativa). It is prepared by the wet grinding of the leaves of the plant. The bolus is then consumed in various ways. Water is used as a vehicle. In the present case a bolus of about 1 to 2 gm was mixed in a glass of water. ShivRatri is a Hindu festival. On this day prayers are offered to Lord Shiva, who is the god of all evils and poisons. Bhang is a special article, which is offered to Lord Shiva on this auspicious day. Then, the devotees consume it as the God. Gujrat is a dry state (possession, consumption, sale, etc. of alcohol, Bhang, opium and other psychotropic substance, etc. is governed by particular laws), but on the holy occasion of ShivRati, for a day, the law is relaxed for the use of Bhang. In most other parts of the country, particularly, in northern India, it is a common practice to consume various preparations of Indian hemp like Bhang, Charas, Ganja, sweetmeat, etc. The bolus mentioned above is probably the minimum single dose.     

Functional entrapment of the popliteal artery

A case of functional entrapment missed at the initial angiogram is presented. The imaging of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome and functional entrapment is discussed. The importance of appropriate imaging is emphasized. The classification of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is discussed and it is proposed that functional entrapment is added to the existing classification in the interest of consistent reporting.     

Current practice in management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett''s oesophagus: The real problem

The management of high-grade dysplasia within Barrett's oesophagus is highly topical and indeed controversial. It is becoming clear that radical surgery may be excessive treatment for many patients. This is because the natural history is not understood with some indicating of rapid degeneration to cancer, others demonstrating a low rate of degeneration over many years. Early detection and optical diagnosis has allowed minimally invasive destruction using endoscopic mucosal resection, thermal ablation and photodynamic therapy. Long-term eradication is possible and is real alternative to surgical excision. The current practice is variable and there is a requirement for randomised evidence comparing endoscopic therapy with surgical excision. This is becoming more appropriate with the development of minimally invasive oesophagectomy.     

Balloon occlusion of the renal artery in operative urology (author's transl)

A double lumen Swan Ganz balloon catheter is introduced percutaneously into the renal artery. Temporary and repeated occlusion of the artery by inflation of the balloon are combined with hypothermic perfusion of the kidney. Thus extensive nephrolithotomies can be done without time limit as in warm ischemia. The operation field is blood-less and the parenchym is protected by perfusion. There is no need for pedicle dissection or external cooling. One complication is seen when the catheter is slipping out of the artery in cases of short renal arteries and the patient is in an extremely bent operation position for intercostal approach. Ballon occlusion without perfusion is helpful in tumor nephrectomy. Preoperative embolization is not necessary when this technique is used. Embolization means an additional procedure with further complications.     

The coexistence of congenital megacalyces and primary megaureter

Congenital megacalyces is a rare developmental condition of the kidney consisting of hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids and dilatation of the calyces. There is no obstruction. Primary megaureter is a form of obstructive uropathy in which there is an obstructing juxtavesical segment of ureter that is normal in caliber but that is aperistaltic. These conditions were found to occur simultaneously in the same patient six times during the past 10 years. Recognition of this rare coexistence is important so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided.     

The anterior junction line: a radiographic sign of bilateral pneumothorax in neonates

The anterior junction line is a normal anatomic landmark on chest radiographs of healthy adults and older children caused by the visceral and parietal pleurae of the two lungs meeting anteriorly at the midline. It is not seen on chest radiographs of healthy infants. When this sign is identified on the supine frontal view of a neonate, it signifies bilateral pneumothorax. In this situation the line is formed by the meeting of the medial parietal pleurae on each side as they herniate anteriorly in front of the thymus and heart. The sign is best seen when the patient is rotated slightly to the left. It is not seen when there is unilateral pneumothorax or a concomitant pneumomediastinum. Although the anterior junction line is not a highly sensitive indicator of bilateral pneumothorax, it is highly specific and its recognition can promote faster diagnosis.     

Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a rare tumor which is predominantly seen in women. The symptomatology is non specific and depends mostly of the segment of the vessel which is involved. Radiologic approach for correct preoperative diagnosis is based on ultrasonography, computed tomography and inferior vena cavography. The best treatment is en bloc resection of the mass associated with pre and post-operative chemotherapy. Although the tumor is slow-growing, the prognosis is poor and the average survival is less than two years, due to local recurrence and metastases.     

Tuberculosis of contralateral costo-transverse joints

We present a case of multifocal tuberculosis of contralateral costo-transverse joints. Even in countries where tuberculosis is common, extrapulmonary multifocal infection is uncommon. Furthermore, a bilateral, symmetric distribution is distinctly unusual. The index of suspicion for tuberculosis should increase when the patient is from a country where tuberculosis is endemic or when a history of AIDS is present.     

The scope of educational resources for radiologists on the internet

The quantity of radiological educational resources available via the internet is enormous and is constantly increasing. The quality is variable, and much time can be wasted trying to find what is required. Web-based learning is highly attractive as it is widely available, cheap, accessible at any time and frequently updated (in contrast to conventional study materials). We present an introduction to the scope and diversity of educational websites in radiology. Effective evaluation of web-based material is essential to maximize the benefit to the user: a suitable method of evaluating radiological educational websites is described.     

"Effort" thrombosis of the subclavian vein in a competitive swimmer

"Effort" thrombosis is a unique form of subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis because it is the result of an unusual variant of the thoracic outlet syndrome. Another cause of subclavian vein thrombosis is local compression from trauma, tumor, or development anomalies; a third is intimal damage from indwelling central venous catheters. This is a case report of "effort" thrombosis of the subclavian vein in a competitive swimmer. A recently developed technique of local infusion of low-dose streptokinase therapy is used for clot lysis. Early diagnosis is essential for effective thrombus dissolution with streptokinase. The rationale, risk, and method of streptokinase administration are discussed. Since "effort" thrombosis is secondary to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), decompression of the thoracic outlet by removal of the first rib after clot lysis is recommended.     

急性脑血管病与多脏器功能衰竭的相关问题

目的 :研究 12 9例急性脑血管病 (ACVD)并发多脏器功能衰竭 (MOF)死亡病例的临床特点及相关问题。方法 :将 90例MOF按不同年龄 ,不同诊断 ,存活时间 ,受累脏器等情况进行对比分析。结果 :6 0～ 70岁组发生率最高 ,>70岁组存活时间最短 ;<5 0岁发生率最低 ,存活时间最长。肺脏最先最多受累 ,胃最后最少受累。蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)年龄最小 ,例数也少 ;脑出血 (CH)例数最多 ,存活时间最短 ;脑梗塞 (CI)年龄最大 ,存活时间最长。平均受累脏器 3个以上。死于MOF高达 6 9 76 %。结论 :MOF是ACVD的主要死因 ,前期疾病是其发病基础 ,肺部是最先最多受累的脏器 ,年龄是存活期长短的主要因素     

射线对血管平滑肌细胞抑制作用的机制

血管腔内放疗预防经皮穿刺冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)后再狭窄的临床应用取得了令人瞩目的疗效。人们认为,射线预防PTCA后血管再狭窄主要是射线对血管平滑肌细胞产生的抑制作用,但是这种抑制作用的机制尚不十分清楚,目前认为最关键的因素是射线抑制了血管平滑肌细胞的迁移和增殖,凋亡在射线抑制再狭窄过程中所起的作用尚存在争议。在这个过程中,射线对巨噬细胞和多种细胞因子的抑制作用也逐步受到人们的重视。     

Management of fetal mediastinal shift: a practical approach

The purpose of this article is to review the technique of fetal chest ultrasound screening evaluation, the diagnostic work-up in the presence of fetal mediastinal shift and which ultrasound imaging features to look for. The first step in evaluating the fetal thorax is to confirm situs. Then, a median sagittal line is drawn from a four-chamber view to assist in spatial orientation followed by echotexture analysis of the structures of the thorax in the presence of mediastinal shift. We propose a systematic approach based on the direction of the mediastinal shift and echogenicity of the compressing hemithorax. When the hemithorax contralateral to the mediastinal shift is enlarged, which is the most frequent situation, diaphragmatic hernia and macrocystic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation are the most likely etiologies when the mass is heterogeneous. Microcystic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, sometimes associated with sequestration, is the most frequent etiology when the mass is homogeneous. When the hemithorax ipsilateral to the mediastinal shift is small, which is less frequent, and the contralateral hemithorax is homogeneously isoechoic, then a diagnosis of lung hypoplasia-agenesis-aplasia should be considered.     

Atypical hypercementosis versus cementoblastoma

Hypercementosis is a non-neoplastic condition in which excessive cementum is deposited in continuation with the normal radicular cementum. Apart from the idiopathic nature of hypercementosis, this condition is associated with several local and systemic factors. Cementoblastoma is an odontogenic tumour characterized by the proliferation of functional cementoblasts that form a large mass of cementum or cementum-like tissue on the tooth root. Although hypercementosis and cementoblastoma are typical conditions with distinct clinical evolution, atypical cases may challenge their diagnosis. Because cementoblastoma is a neoplasm with unlimited growth potential, the usual treatment is complete surgical resection, whilst conservative treatment is recommended for hypercementosis. An atypical case of hypercementosis with similarities to cementoblastoma is reported and its differential diagnosis is discussed.     

MEBO治疗宫颈糜烂98例体会

宫颈糜烂是妇科常见病与多发病。传统治疗方法甚多、但疗效不一。宫颈糜烂属创疡范畴，湿润烧伤膏可改善糜烂局部微循环、活血化瘀，去腐生肌，促进创面再生与修复，防止瘢痕形成。本疗法简便易行，疗程短、疗效高、效果满意。     

泰素联合顺铂治疗老年期卵巢癌16例

目的　老年期卵巢癌的发生率和死亡率均较高 ,探讨其有效的化疗方法 ,以提高患者生存时间和生活质量。方法　 41例卵巢癌患者随机分为泰素加顺铂治疗组和C(H ,F)AP对照组进行临床观察。结果　治疗组有效率为 6 9% ,副反应较轻 ,疗程明显缩短 ;对照组有效率为 32 % ,副反应较重 ,疗程长 ,且易发生药物蓄积中毒 ,二者有效率比较有显著性差异。结论　泰素加顺铂治疗老年期卵巢癌 ,具有疗效好、副反应轻、疗程大大缩短等优点。