胰胆管合流异常胰腺损伤的抗氧化治疗实验研究

目的：研究胰胆管合流异常（APBDU）胰腺损伤的抗氧化治疗。方法：采用13只健康杂种猫建立APBDU动物模型,随机分为A组（7只,不作抗氧化治疗）、B组（6只,抗氧化治疗）;并将13只的术前情况作为对照。饲养6个月,观察其胰腺的病理,胰腺过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）变化。结果：13只猫均成活6个月;术前胰腺均呈粉红色。6个月后,A组胰腺颜色加重,充血、水肿,其中3只可见扩张的胰管;B组胰腺颜色稍加重,但无胰管扩张及腺体水肿。光镜下,A组有3只猫的胰腺可见炎性细胞浸润,4只见间质血管增生、白细胞附壁;而B组中未见炎性细胞浸润,仅2只间质血管内白细胞增多。电镜下,A组粗面内质网扩张;线粒体数量增多,体积增大,崩解;高尔基复合体发达,数量增多。而B组的胰酶分泌减少,较A组好转。对照组的MDA值为（1.234±0.716）μmol/gprot（微摩尔/克蛋白）,而A组为（2.900±1.888）μmol/gprot,B组为（0.927±0.880）μmol/gprot。ANOVA检验,P=0.0215,F=4.80,有统计学意义。结论：抗氧化治疗对APBDU有效。     

胰胆管合流异常胆道损伤抗氧化治疗的实验研究

目的 研究胰胆管合流异常(PBM)胆道损伤的抗氧化治疗的效果.方法 选取13只健康杂种猫,建立PBM动物模型后随机分为2组:7只不进行抗氧化治疗(非抗氧化治疗组),6只行抗氧化治疗(抗氧化治疗组);以动物建模术前情况作为对照.建模术后饲养6个月观察胆囊组织的病理学改变,检测过氧化产物丙二醛(maleic dialdehyde,MDA)的变化情况、PCNA的表达情况以及胆汁淀粉酶水平.结果 13只动物建模后均存活6个月.非抗氧化治疗组较正常对照组胆管增粗,胆囊壁增厚,胆囊内胆汁稠厚;抗氧化治疗组和非抗氧化治疗组相比上述改变无明显不同.光镜下见正常对照组的胆囊黏膜呈指状,黏膜数目少,无增生;非抗氧化治疗组的胆囊黏膜增生及炎性细胞浸润,部分纤维组织增生.电镜下见正常对照组的胆囊黏膜上皮细胞排列紧密、规则;非抗氧化治疗组胆囊黏膜上皮细胞的内质网扩张成囊状,细胞间隙增宽,细胞核变形;抗氧化治疗组的上述改变较非抗氧化治疗组好转.胆汁淀粉酶正常对照组为(203.02±65.04)U,非抗氧化治疗组为(9 368.09±2 204.42)U,抗氧化治疗组为(8 746.25±2 077.95)U,后2组高于正常对照组(P=0.003),但后2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.642).PCNA表达阳性细胞所占百分比正常对照组为(7.29±2.71)％,非抗氧化治疗组为(54.71±10.90)％,抗氧化治疗组为(48.17±l3.06)％,3组间相比差异有统计学意义(F=48.11,P=-0.001),其中非抗氧化治疗组高于抗氧化治疗组(P=0.001).MDA正常对照组为(1.095±0.653) nmol/mg prot,非抗氧化治疗组为(2.745±1.533)nmol/mg prot,抗氧化治疗组为(1.302±0.771) nmol/mg prot,3组间相比差异有统计学意义(F=5.17,P=0.017),其中非抗氧化治疗组高于抗氧化治疗组(P=0.017).结论 抗氧化治疗对PBM有效.     

胰胆管合流异常动物模型的建立

目的建立胰胆管合流异常的动物模型。方法选用健康杂种猫10只。术前禁食12 h,3.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,取上腹正中切口约6 cm切开各层至腹腔。于胆总管入十二指肠处旁边,切开胰腺背膜,解剖胰管;靠近十二指肠处分别纵向切开胰管、胆管长约4~6 mm的切口。6-0线间断吻合切口,造成类似人类的胰胆管合流的共同通道。术后20天胆道造影。结果术后动物精神、食欲良好,无萎靡、烦燥等表现,造影显示胰胆管合流共同通道延长。结论本动物模型最接近于人类的胰胆管合流异常生理,优于其他动物模型。     

重视胰胆管合流异常的处理

近年来,由于影像学及电生理学的长足进步,胰胆管合流异常与胆胰疾病间的关系日益受到临床医师们的重视,并已取得了一定的研究成果。胰胆管合流异常(anomalous arrange-ment of pancreaticobiliary duct,APBD)可导致多种胆胰疾病已得到临床证实,尤其是与先天性胆总管囊肿、胆管结石和急、慢性胰腺炎的发病有一定的关系,且愈来愈受到重视。但因其位置特殊,给临床研究带来较多困难,极易导致临床上的误诊和误治,仍是亟待解决的难题之一。一、APBD的概念1.胰胆管汇合部的正常解剖:生理情况下,胆、胰管在十二指肠壁内近乎平行走行,在十二指肠…     

胰胆管合流异常和胆道疾病

胰胆管合流异常和胆道疾病上海第二医科大学附属仁济医院（２００００１）季福，施维锦由于内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）和经皮经肝胆管穿刺造影（ＰＴＣ）在临床上的广泛应用，发现胰胆管合流异常（ＡＪＰＢＤ）的病例增多。自从１９６９年Ｂａｂｉｔｔ首先提出ＡＪＰ...     

胰胆管合流异常三例

胰胆管汇合异常是指胆总管与主胰管在十二指肠壁外汇合的一种少见的解剖异常 ,可引起许多胆胰系统疾病。我院 2 8例术后胆道造影患者中 ,有 8例出现主胰管显影 ,其中 3例清晰显示胆总管与主胰管在十二指肠壁外汇合 ,现对其作一报道。病历摘要例 1:男 ,5 7岁。无痛性黄疸 10ｄ以“肝门部胆管癌”住院。术中见 :肿瘤位于肝门部 ,直径 4ｃｍ ,固定。以胆道探子扩张右肝管 ,置入 6ｃｍ长镍钛记忆合金胆道支架 ,胆总管内置 1根引流管 ,肿瘤表面以钛夹标志。术后 10ｄ经胆管引流管行胆道造影 ,见胆总管直径 0 .8ｃｍ ,肝内胆管直径 1.0ｃｍ ,主胰…     

胰胆管合流异常与胆道疾病的关系

我院自1980-1994年间经影像学检查证实胰胍管合流异常28例．其中合并胆总管囊状扩张15例，柱状扩张7例，胆囊癌变4例，胆总管癌变1例。本文就胰胆管合流异常的慨念，分型及与胆道疾患发病之间的关系，病理和病因方面进行了讨论，井对胰胆管台流异常并发胆道疾患时的特殊处理原则进行探讨。     

先天性胰胆管合流异常20例报告

胰胆管合流异常国内极少报告，临床上常被误诊或漏诊。为提高对本病的诊治水平，现就我院１９８５年以来收治的２０例总结报告如下。１临床资料本组２０例先天性胰胆管合流异常患者中男８例，女１２例。年龄５个月～２４岁，平均７岁零８个月。主要症状有腹痛、发烧、黄疸...     

胰胆管合流异常与胆道肿瘤

胰胆管合流异常(anomalous Dancreaticobiliary ductal union，APBDU)于1969年由Babbitt等^[1]首次报道，随着内镜逆行性胆管胰管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP)和磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiography，MRCP)等影像学检查的广泛应用，APBDU检出率有增多趋势。APBDU与     

胰胆管合流异常的病理特征与诊治进展

胰胆管合流异常 (pancreaticobiliary maljunction,PBM)是胰管和胆总管异常汇合的一种先天性畸形 [1 ]。从 1916年 Kizu-mi首先提出 PBM这一概念 ,至 1978年日本学者因此成立“胰胆管合流异常研究会”,PBM已日渐引起国内外广泛关注 ,对PBM基础及临床的研究正逐步深入。1　PBM的病理特征约 75 %的正常人胆总管与主胰管在十二指肠粘膜下汇合成共通管 ,并随着年龄逐渐增长。共通管周围及近端具有 Oddi氏括约肌 ,其中胆总管括约肌部分恒定存在 ,在神经与体液双重因素的调节下可控制胆汁的正常排出 ,亦可防止胰液逆流入胆管。据 1991年日…     

急性胆源性胰腺炎和胰胆管合流异常的关系

目的 探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)和胰胆管合流异常(APBDU)的关系.方法 选择ABP手术患者165例.发病时抽取静脉血栓测总胆红素(TB)、丙氨酸氡基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP),γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT),保守治疗后复查;术中胆道造影观察胰胆管合流情况.结果 165例胆道造影患者中,发现APBDU 41例.保守治疗后APBDU和NAPBDU组的TB、ALT、AST、ALP、GGT都明显降低,有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后TB、ALP都恢复正常.APBDU组仍高于NAPBDU组,但没有统计学意义(P>0.05);APBDU组的ALT、AST和GGT都高于NAPBDU组,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 APBDU是导致ABP的重要原因之一.     

Clinical experience of biliary tract carcinoma associated with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system

Between 1978 and 1988, 15 patients with gallbladder cancer and 2 patients with bile duct cancer were seen among 49 patients with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. Radiographic findings revealed two types of this anomalous condition: one in which the pancreatic duct entered the common bile duct(type 1) and one in which the common bile duct entered the pancreatic duct (type 2). In gallbladder cancer, the common bile duct presented no dilatation, or in some patients, mild dilatation, and type-1 anomalous union was frequently found among these patients. In contrast, the two patients with bile duct cancer had cystic dilatation of the common bile duct and type-2 anomalous union. The bile amylase level, which was determined in seven patients, was extremely high in all the patients. Histopathologically, the tumors in most patients showed papillary to papillo-tubular proliferation in the mucosal layer while atypical epithelial hyperplasia was noted in the vicinity of the tumor area. These findings suggest that this congenital anomaly in both ducts results in a loss of the normal sphincteric mechanism of the doudenal papilla, and that chronic relapsing cholecystitis or cholangitis, caused by the reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract, can induced progressive changes to atypical epithelial hyperplasia which may develop into carcinoma.     

Carcinoma in adenoma of the gallbladder in a patient with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction

We present a case of carcinoma in adenoma of the gallbladder with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ) in a 60-year-old Japanese woman. The patient had no abdominal symptoms. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, elastase 1, and α-fetoprotein were all within normal limits. Ultrasonography demonstrated two irregular hyperechoic lesions of the gallbladder. Computed tomography showed two soft-tissue density masses in the gallbladder. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed APBDJ and two protruding lesions in the gallbladder. Angiography displayed a hypervascular lesion fed by the cystic artery. The patient underwent total cholecystectomy; the diagnosis of the intraoperative frozen section was well differentiated adenocarcinoma with possible mucosal invasion. Amylase level in the gallbladder bile was 90600 IU/l. Macroscopically, there were two polyps in the gallbladder. The larger one, 3.5 cm in diameter, was adenocarcinoma in adenoma, and the smaller one, an inflammatory polyp. We briefly discuss the relationship among adenoma, adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, and APBDJ.     

A case of a rare anomaly of the common bile duct associated with an abnormal arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal union

A 39 year-old Japanese female patient with a duplication of the distal portion of the common bile duct is presented herein. Moreover, an abnormal arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal union, congenital biliary dilatation and carcinoma of the gallbladder were all demonstrated by cholangiographic and endoscopical studies. The patient underwent radical surgery for advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder, and her postoperative course was satisfactory. A reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct was demonstrated, but it was eliminated and considered to be a contributory etiologic factor of the gallbladder carcinoma.     

Clinicopathological studies of anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system with pancreas divisum

We examined the morphological aspects of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system in 13 patients with both anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AAPB) and associated pancreas divisum (PD), and compared their clinicopathological findings with those of patients with either AAPB or PD alone. PD is classified into three types, i.e., separate pancreas, nonfusion of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts, and partial fusion of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts. Of the 13 patients with AAPB and associated PD, 5 were male and 8 female; their mean age was 57 years. Nine of the 13 had clinical symptoms. Five of the 13 had gallbladder cancer, 3 had cholecystolithiasis, and 2 choledochal cyst. One patient showed nonfusion of both pancreatic ducts and the others showed partial fusion of the ducts. The length of the common duct from the orifice of the papilla of Vater to the junction of the common bile duct with the ventral pancreatic duct and the location of the union varied. The presence of both AAPB and PD made the arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ducts very complicated. Clinical aspects were similar to those of AAPB and the patients were likely to be treated for a condition other than PD. However, since relapsing acute pancreatitis and intermittent epigastric pain are typical symptoms in patients with AAPB as well as in those with PD, we should carefully follow up those patients with both AAPB and PD.     

Anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ductal system associated with cholangiocellular carcinoma

A 66-year-old man with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (CDB; Alonso-Lej Type I) and anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AAPB) associated with intrahepatic bile duct cancer (cholangiocellular carcinoma; CCC) underwent an extended right hepatic lobectomy. In the resected specimen, the CCC was located in Couinaud’s segment V, with invasion to segment IV and the right hepatic duct and right portal vein. However, there was no cancer involvement of the dilated extrahepatic bile ducts, except for histologic findings of chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration and intestinal metaplasia. It is presumed that the probable mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis in CCC developing from the epithelium of intrahepatic bile ducts are the same mechanisms as those operating in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in patients with AAPB, although AAPB associated with CCC is uncommon. AAPB appeared to be related to the development of the CCC.     

Anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system without dilatation of the biliary tract

A rare case of anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system without dilatation of the biliary tract (AAPBDS without DBT) associated with mucosal dysplasia of the biliary duct is described herein. A 53 year old male with a long history of diarrhea and right upper abdominal pain was diagnosed as having AAPBDS without DBT by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and other examinations. Excision of the gallbladder and biliary duct with a Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was performed and subsequent pathological examination of the surgical specimens showed mucosal hyperplasia of the gall-bladder and mucosal dysplasia of the biliary duct. Considering the dysplastic changes of the biliary duct as seen in our case, and the high incidence of AAPBDS without DBT developing into carcinoma of the biliary duct, being 12.2 per cent, we suggest that pancreaticobiliary ductal diversion with excision of the gall-bladder and biliary duct should also be performed for AAPBDS without DBT. However, further pathological investigations concerning the excised biliary duct in AAPBDS without DBT will be need to be carried out.     

Double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction without a choledochal cyst: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a 37-year-old woman found to have double cancer of the gallbladder and common bile duct associated with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction (APBDJ) without a choledochal cyst (CC). Abdominal ultrasonography showed an isoechoic mass in the gallbladder, and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tubography revealed incomplete obstruction in the upper portion of the common bile duct and APBDJ. The patient underwent cholecystectomy, partial hepatic resection, pancreatoduodenectomy, and portal vein reconstruction. Pathological examination of the tumors from the gallbladder and bile duct revealed papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively, and direct continuity was not observed between the tumors. A review of the literature on six cases of multiple primary carcinoma of the biliary tract associated with APBDJ without CC is presented following this case report. Double cancer of the biliary tract was found synchronously in five patients and metachronously in one. Gallbladder cancer showed subserosal invasion in four patients, while bile duct cancer invaded the pancreas in one patient and reached the serosa in two patients. Considering the potential for cancer to arise in the biliary tract and the difficulties associated with monitoring it, cholecystectomy and resection of the extrahepatic common bile duct may be the most appropriate treatment for patients with an APBDJ without a CC.