TNF-α和IFN-γ在结核性脑膜炎患者血清和脑脊液中的变化

目的检测结核性脑膜炎（TBM）患者血清和脑脊液（CSF）中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）的变化情况,探讨TNF-α和IFN-γ在TBM中的致病机制及其对诊断和预后的预示意义。方法按Thwaites诊断标准入选18例TBM患者,并对患者进行病程分期。采用双抗体夹心法检测患者血清及CSF中TNF-α和IFN-γ水平。同时选取20例无颅内感染征象患者CSF及血清作为对照组。对照组和TBM组TNF-α和IFN-γ水平采用t检验进行比较分析,并对TNF-α和IFN-γ与TBM组不同病期的相关性采用Pearson检验进行分析。结果 TBM患者血清和CSF中TNF-α水平分别为（65.80±5.18）pg/mL和（34.40±2.56）pg/mL,与对照组血清和CSF中TNF-α水平[（4.51±0.50）pg/mL和（3.44±0.40）pg/mL]相比均显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。TBM患者血清和CSF中IFN-γ水平分别为（125.00±16.00）pg/mL和（77.60±2.33）pg/mL,与对照组血清和CSF中IFN-γ水平[（7.49±0.14）pg/mL和（7.95±0.14）pg/mL]相比均显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。并且TNF-α和IFN-γ升高水平与TBM患者的病情呈正相关。结论 TNF-α和IFN-γ参与了TBM的发病机制,并与TBM患者的病情相关。检测TBM患者TNF-α和IFN-γ水平有利于疾病的诊断及对病程的判断。     

脑脊液T-SPOT检测在结核性脑膜炎诊断中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨脑脊液结核斑点试验(T-SPOT)检测在结核性脑膜炎临床诊断中的价值,为结核性脑膜炎早期快速诊断提供实验依据。方法 对兰州军区兰州总医院221例脑脊液标本进行筛查,实验组选取脑脊液淋巴细胞计数大于100×10⁶/L或者高度怀疑脑膜炎患者淋巴细胞计数大于50×10⁶/L的82例脑脊液标本进行T-SPOT实验检测,统计分析患者临床诊断、脑脊液检测指标、血清PCT结果,对照组选取100例非结核性脑膜炎患者进行ROC曲线分析。结果 脑脊液结核斑点试验检测在结核性脑膜炎患者中的阳性率为64.63%(53/82),敏感度为98.11%,特异度为100%; 结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液淋巴细胞计数、脑脊液蛋白、脑脊液葡萄糖、脑脊液氯离子值和血清PCT的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.996,0.965,0.109,0.061和0.392,且结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液淋巴细胞计数和脑脊液蛋白的均值分别为323.88±198.76个/L,1 478.2±778.64 mg/L。结论 脑脊液结核斑点试验检测在结核性脑膜炎患者中具有较高的阳性率、敏感度和特异度,可用于结核性脑膜炎的早期快速诊断。     

脑脊液在结核性脑膜炎诊断中的临床意义

结核性脑膜炎(结脑)近年来有上升趋势,特别是在农村和边远地区发病率比较高,由于结核免疫的普及、结核菌的耐药性等因素,使得结脑临床表现不典型的居多,误诊率增加.我们对近几年收治的资料完整的50例结脑病人的诊断过程进行了分析,认为在科技高速发展的今天,脑脊液的常规检查对诊断结脑仍然是非常重要和实用的方法.     

脑脊液单核细胞内结核抗原检测在结核性脑膜炎早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨脑脊液单核细胞内结核抗原检测在结核性脑膜炎临床诊断中的价值。方法脑脊液样本120例,其中结核性脑膜炎组60例,对照组60例,采用免疫组化法检测脑脊液中单核细胞内的结核抗原,同时进行脑脊液细胞学检查。结果与对照组比较,结脑组中性粒细胞、淋巴样细胞(包括转移淋巴)、激活单核细胞明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别=22.76、17.05、4.04、11.76,P均<0.05)。结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中单核细胞内存在结核菌素抗原,60例结核性脑膜炎患者中首次检查48例阳性,敏感性为80.00%;对照组有1例阳性,特异性为98.33%,结核性脑膜炎组和对照组多次检测结果敏感性和特异性均较高,差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别=76.19、71.55、35.28,P均<0.05)。结论检测脑脊液中单核细胞内结核抗原可以做为结核性脑膜炎早期诊断的一种重要手段。     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液检测标志物研究进展

结核(Tuberculosis,TB)是最古老、最具破坏性的传染病之一,全球近三分之一的人感染了结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)。结核性脑膜炎是肺外结核的最严重形式,导致高致残率和致死率,约占全部结核病的1%。结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis,TBM)的早期诊断和治疗对预后至关重要。目前关于TBM实验室检查主要有脑脊液抗酸杆菌(acid‐fast bacillus,AFB)涂片、细菌培养、PCR技术及新型的抗原抗体检测等,本文对TBM脑脊液检测标志物研究进展做一综述。     

白细胞介素-23在结核性脑膜炎早期诊断中的应用价值

目的检测早期结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中白细胞介素-23(IL-23)水平,探讨其在结核性脑膜炎发病机制中可能的作用及其临床意义。方法应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法,检测40例早期结核性脑膜炎治疗前以及治疗后以及37例病毒性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中IL-23的水平。结果与病毒性脑膜炎患者相比,结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中IL-23水平明显升高(P<0.01),而结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中IL-23水平在治疗1周后即明显下降(P<0.01),但仍较病毒性脑膜炎患者水平高(P<0.05)。结论 IL-23水平检测对了解结核病的活动性、判断病情及预后、监测疗效有一定的参考作用。     

脑脊液与外周血T-SPOT.TB检测在结核性脑膜炎诊断中的临床应用价值

目的探讨脑脊液与外周血结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)在结核性脑膜炎(TBM)诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2015年9月至2016年9月该院收治的35例TBM患者和40例非TBM患者分别作为观察组和对照组,采用TSPOT.TB检测脑脊液和外周血单个核细胞中结核分枝杆菌效应T细胞。结果观察组脑脊液、外周血T-SPOT.TB检测的阳性率(97.14%、80.00%)明显高于对照组(2.50%、0.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);脑脊液T-SPOT.TB检测的灵敏度、阴性预测值(97.14%、97.50%)明显高于外周血(80.00%、85.11%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);脑脊液T-SPOT.TB检测的特异度、阳性预测值(97.50%、97.14%)和外周血(100.00%、100.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑脊液和外周血T-SPOT.TB检测可对TBM提供早期诊断依据,且脑脊液T-SPOT.TB检测灵敏性较高,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶水平对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)对结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值以及不同时期的脑脊液ADA改变。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2017年8月至2019年6月辽宁省健康产业集团抚矿总医院收治的疑似结核性脑膜炎患者124例,按照诊断结果不同将患者分为两组:结核性脑膜炎组(n=92)和非结核性脑膜炎组(n=32)。分析两组患者的临床资料,包括脑脊液检测指标、脑脊液ADA诊断有效性以及不同时期的脑脊液ADA水平。结果结核性脑膜炎组患者的脑脊液蛋白含量(1. 13±0. 62 g/L vs. 0. 60±0. 24 g/L)、细胞计数[(87. 9±14. 25)×10~9/L vs.(12. 43±5. 84)×10~9/L]、ADA水平(5. 58±1. 29 U/L vs. 2. 24±0. 34 U/L)与非结核性脑膜炎组相比明显升高,糖(2. 23±0. 64mmol/L vs. 3. 04±0. 58 mmol/L)以及氯化物(115. 8±6. 9 mmol/L vs. 121. 4±3. 17 mmol/L)含量均明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。脑脊液中ADA水平诊断结核性脑膜炎的敏感度为97. 65%,特异度为76. 92%,阳性率为90. 22%,诊断符合率为91. 13%。结核性脑膜炎在治疗4、8周以及6个月后的脑脊液ADA水平与蛋白水平均相比治疗前明显降低,差异具有计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗6个月后的脑脊液ADA水平与蛋白水平相比治疗4、8周后明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论结核性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液ADA水平明显较高,检测脑脊液中ADA水平有助于结核性脑膜炎的诊断。     

腺苷脱氨酶检测对结核性脑膜炎诊断的临床价值

目的评价脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)检测对结核性脑膜炎诊断的应用价值。方法采用酶显色法检测102例4组病例(结核性脑膜炎组30例,化脓性脑膜炎组34例,病毒性脑膜炎组15例,头痛症状组23例)脑脊液中ADA的活性水平。结果30例结核性脑膜炎组脑脊液中ADA活性明显增高,ADA6.0U/L26例,与化脓性脑膜炎组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),敏感性为86.7%(26/30),特异性为91.7%(66/72)。化脓性脑膜炎组和病毒性脑膜炎组与头痛症状组(对照组)比较差异也具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论检测脑脊液中ADA的活性对于结核性脑膜炎诊断和鉴别诊断有重要的临床价值。     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液免疫球蛋白系列指标变化

应用速率散射比浊法测定４０例结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液免疫球蛋白系列指标，与３０例正常值作显著性检验分析。结果显示：在结核性脑膜炎患者中，除ｃｓｆＩｇＧ指数外，其余的脑脊液免疫球蛋白系列指标均升高，且有显著性差异，脑脊液白蛋白增高率达１００．０％，而ｃｓｆＩｇＧ指数增高５例（１２．５％）。提示结核性脑膜炎的血脑屏障功能呈高频度受损。ＩｇＧ增高属炎症性合并血脑屏障损伤性渗透，部分病例可存在中枢神经系内源性合成。     

结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶的动态观察

目的　动态观察结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶的变化 ,以期对结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断和预后判断提供依据。方法　采用比色法动态检测 4 3例结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶活力的变化 ,并以 2 2例病毒性脑膜炎患者作为对照组。结果　 4 3例结核性脑膜炎患者酶活性较对照组明显升高 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后 2周内结核性脑膜炎患者腺苷脱氨酶活力较其他时间明显增高 ,此后腺苷脱氨酶活力随治疗时间的延长呈进行性下降趋势。另外 8例有不同程度的神经系统并发症结核性脑膜炎患者呈现持续高水平。结论　检测脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶是早期诊断结核性脑膜炎的一个简单而可靠的方法 ;动态观察腺苷脱氨酶还能对疾病的预后判断提供依据。     

Normal cerebrospinal fluid protein and associated clinical characteristics in children with tuberculous meningitis

BackgroundAlthough abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein can be used to predict the outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and diagnose TBM, normal CSF protein remains a concern in patients with TBM. This retrospective study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics associated with normal CSF protein, to resolve the dilemma of CSF protein in the management of childhood TBM.MethodsBetween January 2006 and December 2019, consecutive child patients (≤15 years old, a diagnosis of TBM, and tested for CSF protein) were included for analysis. CSF protein was tested on a chemistry analyzer using the pyrogallol red-molybdate method. Abnormal CSF protein was defined as >450 mg/L. Patient characteristics were collected from the electronic medical records. Then, characteristics associated with normal CSF protein were estimated in the study, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 125 children who met the criteria were enrolled during the study period. Twenty-nine patients had a normal CSF protein and 96 had an abnormal CSF protein. Multivariate analysis (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: χ²=2.486, df = 8, p = .962) revealed that vomiting (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 0.253, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.701; p = .008) and serum glucose (>5.08 mmol/L; age- and sex-adjusted OR = 0.119, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.443; p = .002) were associated with the normal CSF protein in childhood TBM.ConclusionIn suspected childhood TBM, patients without vomiting or having low serum glucose are easy to present with normal CSF protein. Hence, when interpreting the level of CSF protein in children with such characteristics, a careful clinical assessment is required.

KEY MESSAGES

• In suspected childhood tuberculous meningitis, patients without vomiting or having low serum glucose are easy to present with normal CSF protein. Hence, when interpreting the level of CSF protein in children with such characteristics, a careful clinical assessment is required.

     

Cerebrospinal fluid culture-positive bacterial meningitis increases the risk for neurologic damage among neonates

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the clinical features and outcomes of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM) between patients with positive and negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures and determine the risk factors for CSF culture-positive NBM.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients with NBM. Perinatal clinical data, laboratory results, and cranial radiographs were obtained.ResultsAmong the 186 neonates who met the inclusion criteria. The risk factors for positive CSF culture results were analysed using multiple logistic regression. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the possible risk factors of NBM with positive CSF culture in this study were: Length of fever [OR = 1.126; 95% CI (0.999–1.268)], Neurologic symptoms [OR = 3.043; 95% CI (1.164–7.959)], Cerebrospinal fluid protein [OR = 1.001; 95% CI (1.000–1.001)]. Cases of NBM with a longer duration of fever, more neurologic symptoms, and higher levels of CSF protein were more likely to demonstrate positive results on CSF culture.ConclusionCases of NBM with CSF culture-positive results were more likely to have severe clinical manifestations and develop more serious neurologic damage. Patients with NBM who have longer durations of fever, more neurologic symptoms, and higher levels of CSF protein were more likely to have CSF culture-positive results, who should be followed up more closely.

Key Message

• Bacterial meningitis is clinically defined as a serious inflammation of meningitis, usually caused by a variety of bacterial infections that may leave sequelae and long-term complications and high mortality rates. Early diagnosis is often difficult, particularly when the patient has been treated with antimicrobials.

     

Significance of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in tuberculous (TB) meningitis

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) exists as two isoenzymes, ADA(1) and ADA(2). It appears that the ADA(2) isoenzyme originates mainly from monocytes and macrophages. In tuberculous pleural effusions most of the ADA activity consists of ADA(2). The aim of this prospective study was to analyse ADA isoenzymes in the CSF of patients with meningitis to investigate whether the expected rise of the ADA(2) isoenzyme would occur in tuberculous meningitis. ADA isoenzyme analysis was performed on the CSF of 15 patients with tuberculous and 11 patients with bacterial meningitis by an automated kinetic enzyme coupled assay in the presence and absence of a specific ADA inhibitor. The ratio of ADA(2)/ADA(Total) was > 0.8 in 14/15 patients with tuberculous meningitis. In bacterial meningitis the ratio was > or =0.8 in 10/11 patients. The ADA(2) isoenzyme is the major contributor to increased ADA activity in the CSF of patients with tuberculous meningitis, probably reflecting the monocyte-macrophage origin of the ADA.     

结核性脑膜炎65例临床分析

目的 分析结核性脑膜炎的临床表现、诊断和治疗特点,以提高对该病的正确诊治率.方法 对上海市公共卫生临床中心2006年7月-2009年10月收治的65例结核性脑膜炎的临床资料、实验室检查结果 、诊断及预后情况进行回顾分析.结果 本组65例结核性脑膜炎多呈慢性或亚急性起病.临床表现仍以发热、头痛、呕吐为主.脑脊液改变以压力...     

影像学及实验室检查在结核性脑膜炎早期诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的影像学特征及实验室检查特点,以达到早诊断、早治疗的目的。方法选取2013年1月至2015年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的74例TBM患者作为试验组,80例非TBM患者作为对照组,均行脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、结核杆菌DNA(TB-DNA)、抗酸染色,同时联合结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB),并与影像学检查进行对比分析,比较各种检查方法的应用价值。结果 74例TBM患者中,ADA、TB-DNA、抗酸染色、T-SPOT.TB和影像学检查的灵敏度分别为64.86%(48/74),33.78%(25/74),75.68%(56/74),10.81%(8/74),54.05%(40/74),特异度分别为75.00%(60/80),100.00%(80/80),58.75%(47/80),100.00%(80/80),91.25%(73/80)。结论影像学和实验室检测指标上的差异,对于TBM的临床诊断具有一定的指导意义,临床上除常规检查外,应尽可能完善其他检查,进行综合分析以提高诊断准确性。