Possible interaction of platelets and adrenaline in the early phase of myocardial infarction

It is known that in most cases of transmural acute myocardial infarction a platelet clot originates within a coronary artery. In acute myocardial infarction patients increased levels of the plasma catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as the platelet release proteins platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin have been reported. In this study, significantly higher values were found of platelet factor 4 (P less than 0.0001) and beta-thromboglobulin (P less than 0.002) in 17 acute myocardial infarction patients as compared to 17 control patients (on intensive care due to non-cardiac disorders), while the plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were not different. Positive correlations were obtained between the two catecholamines and the platelet products in the control group and between adrenaline and both platelet factor 4 (r = 0.715, P less than 0.01) and beta-thromboglobulin (r = 0.547, P less than 0.05) in the acute myocardial infarction patients. The data suggest that a stimulation of the platelets by adrenaline may facilitate in vitro activation during sampling in patients with high catecholamine load. On the other hand, a "preactivation" of the platelets by an increase of adrenaline might be of significance for thrombus formation in acute myocardial infarction.     

不同性别急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者临床特征及住院期间预后分析

目的总结不同性别急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI)患者的临床特征、治疗方案及住院期间转归。方法回顾性分析1 686例(男1 224例,女462例)STEMI患者的临床资料。结果女性STEMI患者年龄[70.43(63.69,76.39)岁]较男性[61.21(50.90,70.22)岁]大,吸烟比率(3.03%)较男性(55.07%)低,前壁心肌梗死比率(60.17%)、合并心律失常比率(23.16%)、心率>100次/min比率(12.99%)及合并高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病比率(56.71%、12.34%、22.08%)较男性(55.07%、17.08%、8.91%、43.06%、6.78%、13.81%)高(P<0.05)。女性患者保守治疗比率(57.36%)较男性(37.75%)高,溶栓治疗、择期行经皮冠状动脉介入术、发病12 h内再灌注治疗比率(20.35%、17.10%、27.27%)较男性(30.23%、24.92%、43.14%)低(P<0.05),入院至球囊扩张时间、入院至溶栓药物注射时间、发病至首次医疗接触时间等与男性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性患者住院期间病死率(6.28%)及不良心脑血管事件发生率(13.85%)均高于男性(2.37%、8.25%)(P<0.05)。广义线性混合模型调整年龄与中心效应后,女性为STEMI患者住院期间死亡(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.30~4.14,P=0.004)、发生不良心脑血管事件的独立危险因素(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.25~2.47,P=0.024)。结论与男性患者比较,女性STEMI患者住院病死率及不良心脑血管事件发生率较高,可能与年龄较大、合并较多的心血管疾病高危因素、多采取保守治疗有关。     

Clinical Characteristics,Management Strategies and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ObjectiveTo investigate the management strategies, temporal trends, and clinical outcomes of patients with a history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Patients and MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample database from the United States (January 2004–September 2015), identified all inpatient MI admissions (7,250,768 records) and stratified according to history of CABG (group 1, CABG-naive [94%]; group 2, prior CABG [6%]).ResultsPatients in group 2 were older, less likely to be female, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to present with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction compared with group 1. More patients underwent coronary angiography (68% vs 48%) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (44% vs 26%) in group 1 compared with group 2. Following multivariable logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odd ratio (OR) of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.005; P=.11), all-cause mortality (OR, 1; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04; P=.6) and major bleeding (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.03; P=.54) were similar to group 1. Lower adjusted odds of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.72; P<.001), all-cause mortality (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.53; P<.001), and acute ischemic stroke (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.86; P<.001) were observed in group 2 patients who underwent PCI compared with those managed medically without any increased risk of major bleeding (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.23; P=.26).ConclusionsIn this national cohort, MI patients with prior-CABG had a higher risk profile, but similar in-hospital adverse outcomes compared with CABG-naive patients. Prior-CABG patients who received PCI had better in-hospital clinical outcomes compared to those who received medical management.     

右心室舒张末期内径对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的 探讨右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年1月1日至2010年5月31日因CHF住院患者的临床资料,对所有入选患者电话随访.根据患者预后分为存活组和死亡组,通过组间单因素比较及多因素Logistic回归分析等方法评价各因素与CHF患者死亡的相关性.结果 共1552例患者纳入本次研究,平均年龄(64.62±10.45)岁,男性879例(56.64％),平均随访3年,存活组和死亡组分别为1113例(71.71％)和439例(28.29％).2组组间基线资料比较发现性别、年龄、收缩压(SBP)、心功能分级、肌酐、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)及RVDD差异有统计学意义,此8项指标经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示RVDD(OR=1.11,95％ CI 1.07～1.14,P＜0.01)、年龄(OR=1.03,95％CI1.02 ～ 1.05,P＜0.01)、肌酐(OR=1.03,95％CI 1.01 ～1.06,P＜0.01)、LVEF(OR=0.93,95％cI0.92～0.97,P＜0.01)、LVDD(OR=1.13,95％CI 1.09 ～I.17,P＜0.01)以及心功能分级(OR=1.17,95％CI 1.12 ～1.24,P＜0.01)与CHF患者死亡相关.通过ROC曲线检验RVDD的预测效能,计算曲线下面积(ROC)为0.805(95％CI0.798 ～0.812,P＜0.01).结论 RVDD增大将增加CHF患者死亡风险.RVDD可作为CHF患者死亡的独立预测因素.     

In-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To examine in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: All patients in an 800-bed teaching hospital who had a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction, verified by creatine kinase levels at admission, between 1991 and 1993 made up the study population. All 118 such patients who died during this period made up the case group. Two control subjects (n = 236), survivors of the hospitalization, matched by sex, age, and length of hospitalization, were selected randomly for each case. Information on the presence of diabetes mellitus, medical history, and data related to myocardial infarction were obtained through retrospective chart review. RESULTS: The mean age of all subjects in the study was 76 years. Thirty-three percent of the patients in the case group and 31% of the control subjects had a history of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.64-1.70), indicating that diabetes mellitus was not associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.48-2.51) in patients with non-insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.34-1.86) in insulin-treated patients. Multivariate analysis, with conditional logistic regression, confirmed that known prognostic factors for myocardial infarction, rather than diabetic status, are predictive of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Once the effects of age are accounted for, the risk of in-hospital mortality is not greater in patients with diabetes mellitus than in patients without diabetes; however, diabetes mellitus may be an important factor for long-term survival.     

C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值在急性A型主动脉夹层手术患者预后预测中的价值

目的 探讨急性A型主动脉夹层患者术前C反应蛋白(CRP)与白蛋白(ALB)比值(CRP/ALB)在手术后预后预测中的价值,进一步分析其住院期间的死亡危险因素.方法 回顾性分析广东省人民医院2015年2月至2015年11月连续收治的104例Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术患者的病例资料.本观察排除标准:术前未检测CRP、白蛋白,术前感染,肝硬化、低蛋白血症.共83例患者符合入选条件.根据住院期间是否死亡,分为存活组和死亡组;对CRP/ALB、术前及手术相关因素进行住院期间死亡的单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 存活组与死亡组患者术前血清CRP、ALB浓度比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),死亡组CRP/ALB [(5.63±4.47)vs.(3.16±2.58),P=0.010]、APACHEⅡ评分[(26.45±4.08) minvs.(20.10±3.74) min,P＜0.01]和体外循环时间[(302.64±89.26) min vs.(234.23±53.80)分,P=0.031]显著高于存活组,起病24h内急诊手术者死亡率(63.64％ vs.5.56％,P＜0.01)明显高于延期手术患者.多因素Logistic回归分析显示:术前CRP/ALB增大[比值比(OR) =1.322,95％可信区间(CI)1.035 ～1.689,P=0.025]、24 h内急诊手术(OR=31.595,95％ CI5.655-176.52,P＜0.01)是手术患者住院期间死亡的独立危险因素.结论 急性A型主动脉夹层术前CRP与白蛋白比值增大、24 h内急诊手术与住院死亡相关,是手术患者住院期间死亡的独立危险因素.     

The Emergency Department presenting complaint as predictor of in-hospital fatality.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between major discharge diagnoses and prediction of in-hospital death has been intensively studied. The relation between the presenting complaint at the Emergency Department (ED) and in-hospital fatality, however, is less well known. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if presenting complaints add information regarding in-hospital fatality risk for nonsurgical ED patients. METHODS: Investigating the relationship of in-hospital fatality rate and presenting complaint by comparing the presenting complaints, discharge diagnoses and in-hospital fatality for all nonsurgical patients visiting the ED during 1 year. RESULTS: Of 12,995 nonsurgical admissions, 40% were treated as in-hospital patients. Among these, 328 in-hospital deaths occurred. Age was the most powerful predictor of death in hospitalized patients (P<0.0001). After adjustment for age, the female sex was found to be protective [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.92, P=0.007)]. Compared with the largest complaint group, chest pain with an in-hospital fatality rate of 2.5%, there was a significantly increased risk of dying among those with stroke-like symptoms (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.35-3.08, P=0.0007), dyspnoea (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.27-3.00, P=0.002) or general disability (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.17-2.79, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The presenting complaint at the ED carries valuable information of the risk for in-hospital fatality in nonsurgical patients. This knowledge can be valuable in the prioritization between different patient groups in the process of initiating diagnostics and treatment procedures at the ED.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在高危急性心肌梗死患者中的应用

目的 探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用时机和对预后的影响.方法 连续观察入选的急性心肌梗死患者1206例.前壁梗死464例,下壁梗死(包括后、右室梗死)474例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死268例.成功再灌注者505例,药物保守治疗701例.心源性休克患者89例.合并心源性休克、左主干或三支血管病变、经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术中出现肺水肿、室性心律失常、合并室间隔穿孔或乳头肌功能不全等情况时应用IABP辅助治疗.将IABP放置时机分为2组,置入IABP时血流动力学稳定或心源性休克发生1 h内为早置组,置入IABP时血流动力学不稳定或心源性休克发生1 h后为晚置组.结果 ①IABP置入者97例,心源性休克者占45.3%(44/97),左主干或三支病变PCI者占21.7%(21/97),血流动力学不稳定者占15.5%(15/97).平均应用IABP时间3.8 d.②置入IABP患者中,死亡组成功再灌注率低于存活组[45.7%(16/35)比66.1%(41/62),P=0.041],IABP早置入率死亡组低于存活组[25.7%(9/35)比91.9%(57/62),P=0.000],死亡组合并心源性休克[82.9%(29/35)比24.2%(15/62),P=0.000]、心脏破裂[20%(7/35)比0(0/62);P=0.000]、入院时BUN[(8.8±2.4)mmol/L比(6.3±1.0)mmoL/L,P=0.040]和Cr[(132.6±35.4)βmoL/L比(79.6±17.7)βmol/L,P=0.000]明显高于存活组.③Logistic回归分析显示:心源性休克(OR=0.066,CI 0.018～0.241,P=0.000)和IABP置入时机(OR=0.219,CI 0.062～0.778,P=0.019)是死亡的独立危险因素.结论 高危AMI患者尽早应用IABP可明显降低住院病死率.     

急性心肌梗死患者合并抑郁状况及相关因素分析

目的了解急性心肌梗死3个月以上患者合并抑郁的状况,探讨其相关因素。方法采用电话回访的方式,应用Zung氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）,对从本院心内监护入院后出院3-18个月的确诊急性心肌梗死的患者共105例进行问卷调查。结果急性心肌梗死后患者抑郁的发病率是21．9％,单因素分析显示抑郁及非抑郁患者在年龄、既往有高血压病史、出院后发生过心绞痛等方面的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。通过多因素分析显示年龄与急性心肌梗死后抑郁的发生相关（OR．=1．067,95％可信区间1．002—1．137）,将年龄与抑郁总分进行相关分析显示二者呈正相关（r=0．439,P〈0．01）,年龄越大,抑郁程度越严重。结论急性心肌梗死后患者抑郁发生率较高,年龄是抑郁发生的重要危险因素。     

Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest in monitored and non-monitored areas.

AIM: To describe the characteristics and outcome among patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to whether the arrest took place in a ward with monitoring facilities. METHODS: All patients who suffered an in-hospital cardiac arrest during a 4-year period in Sahlgrenska Hospital, G?teborg, Sweden and in whom resuscitative efforts were attempted, were prospectively recorded and described in terms of characteristics and outcome. RESULTS: Among 557 patients, 292 (53%) had a cardiac arrest in wards with monitoring facilities. Those in a monitored location more frequently had a confirmed or possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as judged to be the cause of arrest (P < 0.0001), and the arrest was witnessed more frequently (96 vs. 79%; P < 0.0001). Ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia was observed more often as initial arrhythmia in monitored wards (56 vs. 44%; P = 0.006). The median interval between collapse and first defibrillation was 1 min in monitored wards and 5 min in non-monitored wards (P < 0.0001). Among patients with arrest in monitored wards 43.2% were discharged alive compared with 31.1% of patients in non-monitored wards (P = 0.004). Cerebral performance category (CPC-score) at discharge was somewhat better among survivors in monitored wards. CONCLUSION: In a Swedish University Hospital 47% of in-hospital cardiac arrests in which resuscitation was attempted took place in wards without monitoring facilities. These patients differed markedly from those having arrest in wards with monitoring facilities in terms of characteristics, interval to defibrillation and outcome. A shortening of the interval between collapse and defibrillation in these patients might increase survival even further.     

腹腔手术后重症患者心肌损伤的危险因素

  目的  探讨腹腔手术后重症患者心肌损伤的发生情况及可能的危险因素。  方法  回顾性分析北京大学人民医院2017年1月至2019年1月腹腔手术后重症患者的一般临床资料及心肌损伤情况,收集并观察基础病史、术中(手术时间、是否急诊手术、术中出血＞800 ml和术中低血压等)及术后指标(改良氧合指数、血乳酸、急性肾损伤和术后24 h内使用升压药情况等)。根据术后是否发生心肌损伤,将患者分为心肌损伤组和非心肌损伤组,采用Logistic回归分析腹腔手术后重症患者心肌损伤的危险因素。  结果  在纳入的803例腹腔手术后重症患者中,心肌损伤发生率为17.2%(138/803),而急性心肌梗死发生率仅为0.9%(7/803)。单因素分析显示,慢性肾功能不全病史、手术时间、急诊手术、术中低血压、术后24 h内使用升压药、高APACHEⅡ评分及术后即刻急性肾损伤与术后重症患者心肌损伤相关(P＜0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,急诊手术(OR=3.14,95% CI:1.76~5.60,P＜0.001)、术后24 h内使用升压药(OR=2.26,95% CI:1.23~4.15,P=0.008)、APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.05,95% CI:1.01~1.09,P=0.008)和术后急性肾损伤(OR=3.18,95% CI:1.78~5.69,P＜0.001)与腹腔手术后重症患者发生心肌损伤独立相关。  结论  重症患者腹腔手术后心肌损伤发生率高,急诊手术、术后24 h内使用升压药、高APACHEⅡ评分和术后急性肾损伤是导致腹腔手术后重症患者发生心肌损伤的独立危险因素。     

Cardiac decompensation during an ischemic event weakens the predictive power of myocardial injury markers

Our objection was to find determinants of long-term outcome in routine data collected for differential diagnosis of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Study population consisted of 263 discharged patients who were initially hospitalized for differential diagnosis of suspected acute myocardial infarction between October 1992 and January 1993. Follow-up time for all cause and cardiac mortality was 5 years. The variables studied as predictors of outcome were computerized ECG, peak creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, peak troponin I, radiographic evidence of pulmonary congestion (cardiac decompensation), treatment for hyperlipidemia, hypertension or diabetes, smoking, previous myocardial infarction, age and gender. Total mortality was 32% at 5 years, of which 77% (64/83) was of cardiac origin. Pulmonary congestion in chest X-ray was the most powerful predictor of outcome (RR=3.3, 95% CI=2.0-5.2, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis congestion (RR=3.3, CI=2.0-5.2) was the only independent predictor of 5-year total mortality in addition to age (RR=1.06, CI=1.04-1.08). These two variables together with previous myocardial infarction (RR=1.9, CI=1.2-3.1) and hyperlipidemia (RR=2. 0, CI=1.1-3.5) were independent predictors of cardiac mortality. Radiographic evidence of cardiac decompensation during hospitalization is a strong and independent predictor of long-term outcome in unselected patients with suspected AMI. The predictive power of cardiac markers is confined to patients without pulmonary congestion.     

Performance of N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a diagnostic tool to recognize acute respiratory failure of cardiac origin in an unselected cohort of critically ill patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study of medical ICU patients. NT-proBNP was measured at ICU admission, and diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction relied on the patient's clinical presentation and echocardiography.

Results

Of the 198 patients included in this study, 102 (51.5%) had evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Median NT-proBNP concentrations were 5,720 ng/L (1,430 to 15,698) and 854 ng/L (190 to 3,560) in patients with and without cardiac dysfunction, respectively (P < 0.0001). In addition, NT-proBNP concentrations were correlated with age (ρ = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and inversely correlated with creatinine clearance (ρ = -0.58, P < 0.0001). When evaluating the performance of NT-proBNP concentrations to detect cardiac dysfunction, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.83). In addition, a stepwise logistic regression model revealed that NT-proBNP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01 per 100 ng/L, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.02), electrocardiogram modifications (OR = 11.03, 95% CI 5.19 to 23.41), and severity assessed by organ system failure score (OR = 1.63 per point, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.41) adequately predicted cardiac dysfunction. The area under the ROC curve of this model was 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.90).

Conclusions

NT-proBNP measured at ICU admission might represent a useful marker to exclude cardiac dysfunction in critically ill patients.     

Association study of the I/D polymorphism and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as risk factors for stent restenosis

The ID (insertion/deletion) polymorphism of the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) gene controls plasma ACE levels. Both have been correlated with ISR (in-stent restenosis) in preliminary analyses, but not confirmed in larger studies. In the present study, baseline and 6-month quantitative coronary analysis were performed in 897 patients who had stent implantation and the ID polymorphism genotyped. Plasma ACE levels were measured in 848 patients (95%). Restenosis rates among genotypes were 31.2% DD, 25.5% ID and 28.8% II (not significant). Plasma ACE levels were significantly higher in restenotic patients compared with patients without restenosis (30.7+/-18.6 units/l compared with 22.8+/-12.8 units/l; P=0.0001) and a strong independent predictor of ISR [OR (odds ratio)=3.70; 95% CI (confidence interval), 2.40-5.71; P<0.0001], except in diabetics. In the subgroup of diabetics and patients with AMI (acute myocardial infarction), the DD genotypes actually had a lower risk of ISR than the II genotypes (diabetics, OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.69; P=0.014; and patients with AMI, OR=0.21; 95% CI, 0.061-0.749; P=0.016). After exclusion of diabetics and patients with AMI, ISR rates for genotypes in 632 patients were 31.7% DD, 24.3% ID and 17.6% II (P=0.02; DD compared with non-DD OR=1.57; 95% CI, 1.09-2.25). The association between the D allele and ISR observed in selected populations does not hold with a larger sample size. Other than sample size, clinical variables can modulate the association between ID polymorphism and ISR. Plasma ACE level is a risk factor for ISR, independently of the ID genotype.     

Midregional pro-Adrenomedullin in addition to b-type natriuretic peptides in the risk stratification of patients with acute dyspnea: an observational study

Introduction

The identification of patients at highest risk for adverse outcome who are presenting with acute dyspnea to the emergency department remains a challenge. This study investigates the prognostic value of the newly described midregional fragment of the pro-Adrenomedullin molecule (MR-proADM) alone and combined to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in patients with acute dyspnea.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study in the emergency department of a University Hospital and enrolled 287 unselected, consecutive patients (48% women, median age 77 (range 68 to 83) years) with acute dyspnea.

Results

MR-proADM levels were elevated in non-survivors (n = 77) compared to survivors (median 1.9 (1.2 to 3.2) nmol/L vs. 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) nmol/L; P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to predict 30-day mortality were 0.81 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.90), 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.84) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.74) for MR-proADM, NT-proBNP and BNP, respectively (MRproADM vs. NTproBNP P = 0.38; MRproADM vs. BNP P = 0.009). For one-year mortality the AUC were 0.75 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.81), 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.81), 0.69 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.76) for MR-proADM, NT-proBNP and BNP, respectively without any significant difference. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, MR-proADM strongly predicted one-year all-cause mortality independently of NT-proBNP and BNP levels (OR = 10.46 (1.36 to 80.50), P = 0.02 and OR = 24.86 (3.87 to 159.80) P = 0.001, respectively). Using quartile approaches, Kaplan-Meier curve analyses demonstrated a stepwise increase in one-year all-cause mortality with increasing plasma levels (P < 0.0001). Combined levels of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP did risk stratify acute dyspneic patients into a low (90% one-year survival rate), intermediate (72 to 82% one-year survival rate) or high risk group (52% one-year survival rate).

Conclusions

MR-proADM alone or combined to NT-proBNP has a potential to assist clinicians in risk stratifying patients presenting with acute dyspnea regardless of the underlying disease.     

In-hospital factors associated with improved outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A comparison between four regions in Norway

INTRODUCTION: While pre-hospital factors related to outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are well known, little is known about possible in-hospitals factors related to outcome. HYPOTHESIS: Some in-hospital factors are associated with outcome in terms of survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An historical cohort observational study of all patients admitted to hospital with a spontaneous circulation after OHCA due to a cardiac cause in four different regions in Norway 1995-1999: Oslo, Akershus, ?stfold and Stavanger. RESULTS: In Oslo, Akershus, ?stfold and Stavanger 98, 84, 91 and 186 patients were included, respectively. Hospital mortality was higher in Oslo (66%) and Akershus (64%) than in ?stfold (56%) and Stavanger (44%), P=0.002. By multivariate analysis the following pre-arrest and pre-hospital factors were associated with in-hospital survival: age -3.5 mmol l(-1), body temperature 相似文献   

血清缺氧诱导因子1α和心型脂肪酸结合蛋白水平与急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的相关性

目的探讨急性心肌梗死患者血清缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, HIF-1α)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid binding protein, H-FABP)的表达情况及其与急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的关系。方法 113例急性心肌梗死患者,依据血运重建后是否发生心力衰竭分为心力衰竭组29例和无心力衰竭组84例;记录患者一般资料,采用ELISA法检测患者血清HIF-1α、H-FABP水平,并进行2组间比较。采用双变量Pearson直线相关性分析急性心肌梗死患者血清HIF-1α与H-FABP的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的影响因素;绘制ROC曲线,评估血清HIF-1α、H-FABP水平预测急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的效能。结果心力衰竭组患者血清HIF-1α[(55.30±4.85)ng/L]、H-FABP[(78.26±10.17)pg/L]及C反应蛋白[(14.13±4.02)ng/L]、脑钠肽前体[(393.52±29.65)ng/L]水平高于无心力衰竭组[(48.39±4.36)ng/L、(52.22±13.96)pg/L、(8.14±2.16)ng/L、(351.12±21.03)ng/L](P<0.05);急性心肌梗死患者血清HIF-1α水平与H-FABP水平呈正相关(r=0.657,P<0.001)。血清C反应蛋白(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.012~1.596,P=0.023)、脑钠肽前体(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.342~1.967,P=0.013)、HIF-1α(OR=1.421,95%CI:1.203~1.869,P=0.039)、H-FABP(OR=1.213,95%CI:1.019~1.534,P=0.010)是急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的影响因素;当血清HIF-1α、H-FABP最佳截断值分为57.123 ng/L、81.031 pg/L时,预测急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的AUC分别为0.848(95%CI:0.756~0.939,P<0.001)、0.906(95%CI:0.847~0.964,P<0.001),血清HIF-1与H-FABP联合预测的效能(AUC=0.907,95%CI:0.845~0.970,P<0.001)高于HIF-1α、H-FABP单独预测,其灵敏度为95.2%,特异度为93.1%。结论血清HIF-1α、H-FABP过表达是急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的影响因素,对预测急性心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭风险有一定价值。     

Survival Benefit of Obese Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of obesity and underweight on adverse in-hospital outcomes in pulmonary embolism (PE).Patients and MethodsPatients diagnosed as having PE based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, German Modification code I26 in the German nationwide inpatient database were stratified for obesity, underweight, and normal weight/overweight (reference group) and compared regarding adverse in-hospital outcomes.ResultsFrom January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014, 345,831 inpatients (53.3% females) 18 years and older were included in this analysis; 8.6% were obese and 0.5% were underweight. Obese patients were younger (67.0 vs 73.0 years), were more frequently female (60.2% vs 52.7%), had a lower cancer rate (13.6% vs 20.5%), and were more often treated with systemic thrombolysis (6.4% vs 4.3%) and surgical embolectomy (0.3% vs 0.1%) vs the reference group (P<.001 for all). Overall, 51,226 patients (14.8%) died during in-hospital stay. Obese patients had lower mortality (10.9% vs 15.2%; P<.001) vs the reference group and a reduced odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.77; P<.001) independent of age, sex, comorbidities, and reperfusion therapies. This survival benefit of obese patients was more pronounced in obesity classes I (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.52-0.60; P<.001) and II (OR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.58-0.69; P<.001). Underweight patients had higher prevalence of cancer and higher mortality rates (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P=.04).ConclusionObesity is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality rates in patients with PE. Although obese patients were more often treated with reperfusion therapies, the survival benefit of obese patients occurred independently of age, sex, comorbidities, and reperfusion treatment.     

Early vs. delayed invasive strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation: a meta-analysis of randomized studies

Although early percutaneous coronary intervention has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), there are emerging conflicting data as to whether the catheterization needs to be done very early or whether it could be delayed while the patient receives medical therapy. The aim of the current study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing early vs. delayed invasive strategies for NSTE-ACS patients. Medline/CENTRAL and the Web were searched for RCTs comparing early vs. delayed invasive strategies for NSTE-ACS patients. The primary endpoint was all cause mortality, whereas myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularizations and 30-day major bleeding complications were secondary end points. Fixed or random effects models were used based on statistical heterogeneity. As a sensitivity analysis, Bayesian random effects meta-analysis was performed in addition to the classical random effects meta-analysis. A total of 5 RCTs were finally included, enrolling 4155 patients. As compared with a delayed strategy, an early invasive approach did not significantly reduce the rates of death [odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (95% CI)?= 0.81 (95% CI 0.60-1.09), P = 0.17], MI [OR = 1.18 (95% CI 0.68-2.05), P = 0.55] or revascularizations [OR = 0.97 (0.77-1.24), P = 0.82]. There was a not significant trend toward fewer major bleeding complications for the early invasive approach [OR (95% CI)?= 0.76 (0.55-1.04), P = 0.08]. The present meta-analysis shows that for NSTE-ACS patients a routine early invasive strategy does not significantly improve survival nor reduce MI and revascularization rates as compared with a delayed approach.