大鼠脊髓钙调蛋白Parvalbumin和Calbindin-28 KD阳性神经元的形态与分布特征

目的观察证实钙调蛋白Parvalbumin（PV）和Calbindin-28KD（CB）阳性神经元在大鼠脊髓不同节段不同区域内的形态及分布特征。方法成年雄性SD大鼠常规灌注固定,取第5～8颈髓、3～6胸髓和1～5腰髓节段;振动切片之后进行免疫组化PAP单标记;光镜观察阳性神经元的形态和分布特征、并进行计数和测量;用Excel软件对阳性神经元数量、胞体大小、突起数量进行统计处理。结果PV阳性神经元主要存在于后角的Ⅱ层和胸核、中间带外侧、中间内侧核、前角的Ⅷ层;CB阳性神经元主要存在于后角Ⅰ～Ⅱ层、中间带,前角的Ⅷ～Ⅸ层之间。后角细胞较中间带及前角细胞数量多,胞体小,突起少。在不同区域,两种阳性神经元的细胞数量,胞体大小,突起数目都存在统计学差异（P﹤0.05）;而在不同节段同一区域的比较中,只有腰前角PV阳性神经元的胞体比较大（P﹤0.05）。结论PV阳性神经元在胸核及中间内侧核的聚集以及阳性纤维在薄楔束和后角Ⅱ层胶状质内的密集分布提示其与机体痛觉传入﹑本体感觉及内脏感觉的联系;CB阳性神经元在前角Ⅷ～Ⅸ层之间的特征性分布说明其与闰绍细胞功能有关;两种钙调蛋白在脊髓不同节段之间的形态及分布基本无差别提示它们的功能并没有特异地对应于躯体或内脏。     

含Parvalbumin和Calbindin D—28k样免疫阳性神经元在大鼠三 …

本研究应用免疫组织化学技术对Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ--和Ｃａｌｂｉｎｄｉｎ Ｄ－２８ｋ样免疫阳性神经元在大鼠三叉神经本体觉中枢通路上的分布状况作了普查。结果表明：这两种钙结合蛋白在该通路上具有下列的分布特点;（１）三叉神经中脑核神经元几乎全部为ＰＶ样免疫阳性,胞体和突起染色强或中等强度,胞体大,多为假单级神经元,偶见中等大小的多极神经元。（２）在三叉神经脊束核吻侧亚核尾侧段水平的三叉神经脊束核吻侧亚     

含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠前脑中的分布—原位杂交组织化学法观察

本实验应用原位杂交组织化学技术,利用同位素标记的寡核苷酸探针,对大鼠前脑含Calbindin-D28 K mRNA的神经元的分布状况进行了详细的观察。结果发现在不同脑区或核团中,标记神经元的数量和标记强度各不相同。某些部位含许多强阳性神经元,如:前嗅核、大脑皮质、尾壳核、缰核、下丘脑、齿状回及中脑和杏仁复合体中的部分核团;然而,在另外一些脑区中,标记细胞呈中等阳性,如:嗅球的球旁细胞、盖带、梨状区内核、海马的CA1区中的锥体细胞层以及丘脑和杏仁核复合体中的部分核团。少数脑区中的标记细胞呈弱阳性,且数量较少,如;嗅结节、隔区、斜角带核等。这些结果表明含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠前脑中具有区域特异性分布特点,从而提示Calbindin-D28K在神经系统中的某些部位可能具有重要的作用。     

含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠脑干中的分布—原位杂交组织化学法观察

用原位杂交组织化学技术,对含Calbindin-D28K mRNA的神经元在大鼠脑干中的分布进行全了面观察。发现不同脑区或核团中所含阳性神经元的数量及其标记强度各不相同。其中含强阳性杂交信号的区域有:小脑皮质、外侧丘系核、斜方体核、下橄榄核及臂旁核;含中等强度杂交信号的区域包括:脚间核、黑质致密部、耳蜗核和最后区。而在其它大部分脑区中杂交信号呈弱阳性,如:上丘、顶盖前区、红核、三叉神经感觉核簇、后索核、下丘、前庭核群、孤束核、中央灰质和网状结构中的部分核团。含Calbindin-D28KmRNA的神经元在脑干中的这种区域特异性分布特点提示在神经系统的某些生理功能中,Calbindin-D28K可能起重要的作用。     

大鼠运动皮层投射神经元与Parvalbumin免疫阳性神经纤维终末…

Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ是细胞内一种钙结合蛋白。同时又可作为中枢神经系统内与ＧＡＢＡ共存的神经元亚群的特异标记物，主要标记篮状及苔烛细胞。用ＰＡＰ方法染色可见大鼠Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ免疫阳性神经终末在运动皮层锥体神经元胞体周围形成包篮现象，但因该方法的局限性，较难明确二者的关系。为进一步了解Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ阳性终末在锥体神经元胞体、树突与轴突整体上的分布状况以及运动皮层内不同传出神经元是否均     

大鼠视网膜神经元NOS与Parvalbumin的共存研究

用ＮＡＤＰＨ脱氢酶组化及Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ免疫组化双标记技术观察了正常大鼠视网膜一氧化氮合酶与Ｐａｒｖａｌｂｕｍｉｎ（ＰＶ）的分布，结果显示ＮＯＳ阳性神经元主要位于内核层内缘带第二列，少数位于节细胞层，胞体圆形／卵圆形，直径８￣１２μｍ，细胞一侧发现突出伸向内网层１、３、５亚层，以第３亚层最为明显，ＰＶ免疫反应（ＰＶ－Ｉ）神经元位于内核层最内缘第一例，少数位于第二列、中间部及节细胞层、胞体卵圆     

乙醇对大鼠扣带回及其皮质Parvalbumin阳性神经元的影响

乙醇可致胎儿酒精综合征。本研究对大鼠扣带回体积及皮质PV阳性神经元进行定量分析，探讨乙醇对其发育的影响。     

大鼠视网膜神经元NOS与Parvalbumin的共存研究

用NADPH脱氢酶组化及Parvalbumin免疫组化双标记技术观察了正常大鼠视网膜一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与Parvalbumin(PV)的分布,结果显示NOS阳性神经元主要位于内核层内缘带第二列,少数位于节细胞层,胞体圆形/卵圆形,直径8～12μm,细胞一侧发出突起伸向内网层1、3、5亚层,以第3亚层最为明显,PV免疫反应(PV—Ⅰ)神经元位于内核层最内缘第一列,少数位于第二列、中间部及节细胞层,胞体卵圆形,直径6～10μm,由胞体一端发出突起伸向内网层第1、5亚层.神经纤维层可见PV～Ⅰ纤维.内核层内缘第二列可见少数双标阳性细胞,在它们的PV免疫反应胞质内散布有NOS颗粒.实验结果表明 NOS阳性神经元与PV～Ⅰ神经元均为无长突细胞,分属不同的亚型,少效PV～Ⅰ神经元属节细胞,个别双标细胞可能为另一种亚型的无长突细胞,提示NOS与PV在视觉信息传递中可能存在某些联系.     

含Calbindin－D28K mRNA神经元在大鼠脊髓中的分布──原位杂交组织化学法观察

用原位杂交组织化学技术，对大鼠脊髓内含Ｃａｌｂｉｎｄｉｎ－Ｄ２８ＫｍＲＮＡ的神经元的分布状况进行了观察。发现含Ｃａｌｂｉｎｄｉｎ－Ｄ２８ＫｍＲＮＡ的神经元见于脊髓灰质的各层，但是，不同区域或核团中所含阳性神经元的数量和标记强度各不相同。其中含强阳性神经元的部位有：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ层及前角外侧运动柱的内侧部；含中等阳性神经元的部位有：Ⅲ、Ⅷ层及中间带；有的区域仅含弱阳性神经元，如：Ⅵ层及中央区，而中间带外侧核及前角的大型运动神经元未见到阳性杂交信号。Ｃａｌｂｉｎｄｉｎ－Ｄ２８ＫｍＲＮＡ在大鼠脊髓内的区域特异性分布特点，提示其在神经系统的某些生理功能中可能有重要作用。     

大鼠视网膜缺血后Parvalbumin免疫反应神经元的变化

本文观察了大鼠视网膜缺血后Parvalbumin（PV）免疫反应神经元的变化。动物分为缺血10min组、15min组、30min组及60min组等4组．动物右眼为缺血眼，左眼做自身对照眼．结果表明PV免疫反应神经元主要位于内核层及节细胞层，其突起伸向内网层第1、5亚层，神经纤维层也可见PV免疫反应纤维。缺血10min后PV免疫反应神经元未出现变化，缺血15min后数量开始减少，内网层第5亚层PV免疫反应纤维消失、缺血30min、60min后PV免疫反应神经元比缺血15min后减少明显．表明缺血15min后即出现PV免疫反应神经元的变化，但各缺血时间点上其减少率低于其它类型的神经元，提示它对缺血有一定的耐受性。     

Localization of c-Fos protein in the rat spinal cord after carrageenan treatment

We have characterized segmental and laminar distribution patterns of Fos-immunopositive (Fos-IP) neurons in spinal cord segments L3-L6 after carrageenan treatment. A large number of Fos-IP neurons was found in the medial region of the ipsilateral dorsal horn laminae I-II at 4 and 6 h postinjection (pi). At one day pi, the number of Fos-IP neurons was decreased significantly, which correlated with suppression of inflammation in the affected hind paw. Bilaterally, Fos-IP neurons reappeared in the L3-L6 spinal cord segments at 3-4 days pi, mainly in the deep laminae LV-LVI. However, signs of inflammation had distinctly attenuated. Our data indicate a biphasic trend in Fos-IP in this experimental model of inflammation.     

Neurons with asymmetrical dendritic arbors in the substantia gelatinosa of the rat spinal cord

Summary Two types of neurons were observed in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the rat spinal cord which exhibit wide variations in dendritic symmetry. As demonstrated with the Golgi technique, islet cells with short dendritic arbors and type III stalk cells display dendritic patterns which vary from a bipolar type arrangement with two dendritic arbors of nearly equal dimensions to a unipolar arrangement with a dendritic arbor which extends in only one direction. Examination of the morphology and dendritic development of these neurons shows that they are unique compared with other SG neurons in that they have short, longitudinal dendritic arbors which undergo maturation relatively late in the postnatal period. As is discussed, variations in dendritic symmetry are probably dependent on the location of the terminal fields of primary and/or other types of afferents which are formed earlier in development.     

Localization of descending vasomotor paths in the spinal cord

Responses of the arterial pressure to direct electrical stimulation of spinal tracts at the C5 level were analyzed. Pressor responses with low threshold, high amplitude, and steep rate of rise occurred to stimulation of the dorsolateral zones of the lateral columns. After bilateral destruction of this region the arterial pressure fell to 65. 0±5. 0 mm Hg, responses to stimulation of the pressor zone in the bulbar portion of the vasomotor center disappeared, and responses to stimulation of the peroneal nerve were considerably reduced (to 3. 0± 1.5 mm Hg).     

支配肺血管的脊髓交感神经中枢定位

在大鼠毁髓模型上,对由脊髓C_7～T_(10)节段发出的交感节前纤维逐节进行电刺激时,发现肺循环阻力(PVR)均有不同程度的升高,但在刺激脊髓C_7～T_4节段时PVR升高最为显著(对照值的28%),明显高于其余各节段电刺激后PVR增加的水平。刺激的脊髓节段愈高,△PVR/△SVR比值也愈大。体循环阻力(SVR)的升高则以低位脊髓节段的电刺激时更明显。提示在大鼠脊髓C_7～T_4节段存在支配肺血管运动的交感神经中枢。     

Myelin formation in myelin-deficient rat spinal cord following transplantation of normal fetal spinal cord

Previous studies of the myelin-deficient rat spinal cord have suggested that astrocytes may play a role in preventing the formation of myelin in this mutant, or causing its breakdown. Comparison of mutant and normal littermate spinal cords shows a marked hypertrophy of astrocytes in the mutant in both gray matter and fiber tract regions. Nevertheless, when normal fetal spinal cord fragments are transplanted into mutant host spinal cord, clusters of normal-looking myelin sheaths develop with no sign of attack by host astrocytes.     

Somatostatin 28(1-14) immunoreactivity in primary afferent neurons of the rat spinal cord

Somatostatin 28(1-14) immunoreactivity is present in dorsal root ganglion cells and in the superficial laminae of the spinal cord in the rat. The distribution of somatostatin 28(1-14) immunoreactive varicosities in the dorsal horn corresponds well to the distribution of somatostatin 14 immunoreactive elements. Some dorsal root ganglion cells exhibit both somatostatin 14 and somatostatin 28(1-14) immunoreactivities.     

Localization of N-type Ca2+ channels in the rat spinal cord following chronic constrictive nerve injury

Previous studies have shown that spinal L-type, N-type, and P-type Ca²⁺-channel blockers are effective in modulating pain behavior caused nerve injury. In the present work, using the loose ligation of the sciatic nerve model, we characterized the time course of the appearance of tactile and cold allodynia and the corresponding spinal expression of the N-type Ca²⁺ channel α_1B-subunit after nerve ligation. Within 1 week after ligation, the majority of rats developed a unilateral sensitivity to mechanical stimulation (von Frey filaments), as well as sensitivity to cold, which persisted for 30 days. Immunocytochemical analysis of the spinal cord in sham-operated animals for the α_1B-subunit showed a smooth, moderate staining pattern in the superficial laminae I–II, as well as in ventral α-motoneurons. In nerve-ligated animals, an intense, dot-like immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral dorsal horn was observed from 5–20 days after nerve ligation. The most prominent α_1B-subunit upregulation was found in the outer as well as the inner part of lamina II (II_o, II_i), extending from the medial toward the lateral region of the L4 and L5 spinal segments. The behavioral changes which developed after chronic constriction injury directly correlated with the α_1B-subunit upregulation in the corresponding spinal cord segments. These data suggest that upregulation of the spinal α_1B-subunit may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of pain state after peripheral nerve injury. Electronic Publication     

人脊髓内NF样阳性神经元的形态及分布

目的：观察不同胎龄胎儿脊髓神经丝蛋白(NF)阳性神经元的形态、分布和发育变化，为脊髓-脊髓移植选择适宜的胎龄提供形态学依据。方法：胎儿脊髓19例，SP免疫组化染色，图像分析。结果：脊髓侧角内NF阳性神经元由中央管向外迁移；前角神经元由外向内迁移。NF阳性神经元密度在胚胎早期逐渐升高，晚期呈下降趋势。NF阳性神经元在胎龄16周时，胞体呈圆形、卵圆形，突起少沙，胞核大，有偏极现象，至32周时胞体呈锥形、梭形、多角形；胞体逐渐增大，胞浆逐渐增多，胞核多位居中央；突起增多。结论：未发育成熟的神经元内也有NF的存在。脊髓内NF阳性神经元密度随胎龄增加而逐渐增加，形态逐渐成熟，提示人脊髓-脊髓移植时以16周胎龄作供体较为适宜。