Metal concentrations in lung tissue of subjects suffering from lung cancer

Summary Concentrations of nine metals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Cr) concentrations in lung tissues from 224 lung cancer cases were compared with those in other cases to achieve an understanding of their contribution to the development of lung cancer and the varieties after the development of cancer. Comparisons of metal concentrations in each cell type of lung cancer were also performed. All cases were collected from routine autopsies in Tokyo and Saitama, Japan. The copper concentration in tissue from lung cancers was significantly higher than that in other specimens, although calcium, magnesium, zinc and cobalt concentrations in lung cancers were significantly lower than those in other cases. There were no significant differences in the 99% intervals (excluding extremely high values for occupationally exposed cases) for chromium, nickel and lead concentrations between lung cancers and other cases, although these values were lower in lung cancers. However, in comparisons of men only, the chromium concentration, the degree of lung contamination and the severity of pulmonary emphysema in lung cancer cases were significantly higher than those in other specimens. Moreover, percentages of lung cancer in men at each degree of contamination and each severity of emphysema increased with increasing grades. Thus, this finding could be evidence that the exposure to contaminants other than chromium and nickel in the air had affected the development of lung cancer, except for occupationally exposed individuals. Therefore, almost all chromium and nickel in lung tissue might not deposit in carcinogenic forms such as hexavalent chromium or nickel subsulfide. Comparison of the characteristics in each cell type of lung cancer revealed that calcium and chromium concentrations in lung tissue (not including tumor) or squamous cell carcinomas were higher than those in the other cell types. In small cell carcinomas, calcium magnesium and zinc concentrations were low.     

Biliary and urinary excretion of metals in humans

Fifteen metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, organic mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and aluminum) were determined in the hepatic bile and urine collected simultaneously from three Japanese individuals (2 males, 1 female). The presence of these metals was classified as follows: hepatic biliary concentrations were higher than urinary concentrations (lead, arsenic, and iron); urinary concentrations were higher than hepatic biliary concentrations (cadmium, inorganic mercury, tin, cobalt, magnesium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel); hepatic biliary concentrations were almost equal to urinary concentrations (manganese and organic mercury); and relationship between hepatic biliary and urinary concentrations changed occasionally (aluminum). Eight essential metals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel, and cobalt) were detected at considerable concentrations in hepatic bile. Accounting for the daily flow volume of hepatic bile and the reabsorption of these metals, the supplementation of these metals should occur during treatment of diseases accompanied by loss of hepatic bile.     

高血压患者血清锌、铜、钙、钴、镉、镁、镍、铬、钛的测定

本文应用直流等离子体原子发射光电直读光谱仪测定了60例正常人,45例高血压患者血清锌、铜、钙、钴、镉、镁、镍、铬、钛含量。结果表明,正常人血清锌19.70±3.75μmol/L(1.2876±0.2457μg/ml),铜17.23±3.48μmol/L(1.0945±0.2213μg/ml),钙2211.09±430.72μmol/L(104.6523±17.2634μg/ml),钴2.87±1.05μmol/L(0.3694±0.0616μg/ml),锅0.44±0.27μmol/L(0.0491±0.0300μg/ml),镁783.71±294.29μmol/L(19.0520±7.1543μg/ml),镍0.42±0.27μmol/L(0.0252±0.0156μg/ml),铬0.28±0.24μmol/L(0.0148±0.0123μg/ml),钛0.82±0.50μmol/L(0.0391±0.0243μg/ml),与文献报道值类似。高血压患者血清锌16.45±2.85μmol/L(1.0754±0.1863μg/ml),钙2308.32±276.29μmol/L(92.5175±11.0738μg/ml),钴2.23±0.62μmol/L(0.1316±0.0368μg/ml)和钛0.61±0.31μmol/L(0.0292±0.0147μg/ml),均低于正常对照组(分别为p<0.001,p<0.05)。镉0.85±0.40μmol/L(0.0951±0.0452μg/ml),镁1022.20±399.91μmol/L (24.8497±9.721 8μg/ml)和镉/锌比值高于正常对照组(P<0.001)。而铜17.58±3.11μmol/L(1.1169±0.1973μg/ml),镍0.39±0.01μmol/L(0.0231±0.0045μg/ml),铬0.31±0.12μmol/L(0.0163±0.0     

韭菜35种元素分析结果

笔者分析各种食物数百种，计划在《世界元素医学》的食物中药栏目中陆续奉献给广大读者，每期1-2篇。韭之为菜，可生可熟，可菹可久，乃菜中最有益者。本文报告韭菜、韭菜花、韭菜籽的ICP检验35种元素结果。韭菜富含元素：磷、铬、铜、锂、钴、锰、钡、锶、钛、钒、锌、硼、钾、铁、镁、钙；韭菜花富含元素：磷、铜、锂、镍、锑、锌、锶、钴、钛、钡、锰、铈、镓、镧、铌、钪、钍、硼、钾、铁、镁、钙、铍；韭菜籽富含元素：磷、铜、锂、锰、钡、锶、钛、锌、锆、铈、硼、镁、钙。据此不难看出韭菜具有：主归心，安五脏六腑，除胃中热，利病人，可久食的道理。     

Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Selected Metals in Source Freshwater Khanpur Lake,Pakistan

Selected metals (calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, lead, strontium and zinc) were measured in water samples from a source freshwater Lake. Average levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead in the waters were significantly higher than the guideline values. Health risk assessment was then carried out to determine health risk via oral route and dermal contact. Hazard quotient (via ingestion) levels of cadmium, cobalt, chromium and lead were higher than unity; suggesting potential adverse effects on local residents. Principal component analysis revealed considerable anthropogenic contributions of the metals in the water reservoir.     

南京地区正常人和病人血中十一种元素含量的测定

本文报告用原子吸收光谱分析法(AAS),测定南京地区正常人血清中钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、铬、锰、镍、硒及全血中铅、镉元素的含量,经过分组统计处理,探讨了微量元素与性别及年龄的关系,同时通过大量病例测定,探讨了某些疾病与元素含量的关系。     

Chemical composition of bottled mineral water

Thirty-seven brands of domestic and imported mineral waters were analyzed for the following: alkalinity, aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chloride, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silver, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Of the waters examined in this study, 24 had one or more determinands that were not in compliance with the drinking water standards in the United States.     

不同品牌纯牛奶中12种元素的比例分布

对三种品牌纯牛奶中的钾、钠、镁、钙、锌、铁、铜、锰、镍、铬、镉、铅的含量进行测定分析,比较了不同元素在牛奶中的含量分布,特别比较了不同品牌纯牛奶中有害元素含量,结果表明不同品牌纯牛奶样品中重金属元素铬和镉含量均低于国家标准限量值,而铅含量高于限量值,且不同样品中金属元素含量存在差异.     

Levels of heavy metals (Fe,Cu, Ni,Cr, Pb,and Zn) in tissue of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay,Turkey

Concentrations of iron, copper, nickel, chromium, lead, and zinc were determined in the muscle, skin and gonads of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus caught at three stations in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues tended to vary significantly among stations, and two stations thought to be contaminated by untreated domestic wastes and surrounding industrial environment showed particularly high metal concentrations. Generally, skin and gonads showed higher metal concentrations than muscle. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in M. cephalus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 70.28, 149.77, and 382.51, that of copper was 1.45, 5.36, and 35.37, that of nickel was 1.22, 2.72, and 7.35, that of chromium was 1.46, 3.22, and 10.06, that of lead was 7.45, 37.39, and 62.33, and that of zinc was 38.23, 100.56, and 281.51 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The ranges of mean concentrations (micro g/g wet wt) in T. mediterraneus were as follows: the range of iron concentration was 41.84, 49.86, and 74.20, that of copper was 1.29, 3.33, and 11.37, that of nickel was 0.94, 2.02, and 0.99, that of chromium was 1.28, 10.90, and 10.60, that of lead was 1.03, 4.78, and 8.41, and that of zinc was 19.55, 60.79, and 38.44 in the muscle, skin, and gonads, respectively. The concentrations of some metals in some tissues exceeded the acceptable levels for a food source for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that the metals present in the bay were taken up by two fish species through food, water, and sediment, and regardless of their biological needs showed high metal concentrations.     

Assessment of Atmospheric Metal Pollution in the Urban Area of Mexico City,Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus benjamina</Emphasis> as Biomonitor

Concentrations of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, antimony, and lead were measured in Ficus benjamina leaves from the Mexico City urban area in order to assess their enrichment against background values. The instrumental analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the analytical method was tested using two certified reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (1547 Peach Leaves and 1573a Tomato Leaves). Enrichment factors were calculated, i.e., total to background concentration ratio, for each metal. Low enrichments of vanadium, cobalt, nickel, and copper (≈2), and mild enrichments of chromium and zinc (4.4, 4.5 respectively) were found in the entire area; oppositely, high enrichments were assessed for antimony (28.6) and lead (17.2). However, results indicate that metal concentrations strongly depend on the specific urban sub-area. Increments of metals were attributed to natural, vehicular, and industrial sources.     

The effect of metals accumulated in reed (Phragmites australis) on the structure of periphyton

Studies on trace elements in reed stands and limiting effect of the reed substrate on the periphyton structure were performed in various aquatic ecosystems of Greece during the summer and autumn of 2006. The analysed factors were concentrations of chemical elements (cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium) in reed shoots as well as the density of zooperiphyton and phytoperiphyton taxa. The relationships between metal concentrations and periphyton structure were determined with the use of the multivariate methods Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and RDA (Redundancy Analysis). The results showed that bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium in the reed had the most negative influence on zooperiphyton species, while low concentrations of alkali metals favoured the occurrence of Cyclopoida, Cladocera (Chydorus sp.) and Oligochaeta (Neis sp.). A considerable resistance to toxic heavy metals characterised Cyanophyta representatives and, partly, colonial Bacillariophyta. High concentrations of alkali metals supported the presence of unicellular Bacillariophyta but diminished the densities of colonial Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta of the genus Scenedesmus.     

Trace metal content and estimated daily human intake from chicken eggs in Ibadan, Nigeria

A total of 151 chicken eggs and 4 local chicken feeds purchased directly from the poultry farms, at the local markets, and along the roadsides of Ibadan, Nigeria, were analyzed for lead, cadmium, copper, iron, nickel, zinc, and cobalt by carbon graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The authors found strong, positive correlations between the levels of metals in the feeds and the corresponding levels of metals in the eggs. The overall average concentrations (mg/kg) of each metal in eggs were as follows: lead, 0.59; cadmium, 0.07; copper, 0.78; iron, 23.20; nickel, 0.03; zinc, 13.75; and cobalt, 0.01. The average estimated daily intake of lead, cadmium, copper, and iron per person was 19.5 microg, 2.4 microg, 25.6 microg, and 762.3 microg, respectively, whereas daily intakes of nickel, zinc, and cobalt were 0.9 microg, 452.1 microg, and 0.2 microg per person. The concentrations of some metals in eggs from this study did not differ appreciably from levels determined in eggs from other countries; concentrations of lead and cadmium in the current study, however, were comparatively greater than levels found in other countries. Therefore, the estimated daily intakes of lead and cadmium in this region slightly exceeded the normal reported daily intakes of lead and cadmium from eggs in some other countries.     

大学生尿液金属水平与肺功能的关系

  目的  探讨大学生金属内暴露水平与肺功能的相关性，为开展金属暴露与肺功能损伤的相关研究提供依据。  方法  以2017—2018年在华北理工大学曹妃甸校区招募的45名符合标准的大学生为研究对象，分别于春、夏、秋、冬季进行问卷随访调查和健康体检，测量肺功能参数[用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、FEV1/FVC和用力呼气流量(FEF_25~75)]，同时采集晨尿样本。尿液中15种金属含量使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)检测; 采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同季节尿液中金属含量的差异; 运用线性混合效应模型分析尿液中金属组分暴露浓度与肺功能之间的相关性。  结果  尿液15种金属元素中，铬、铁、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、钼、镉、锑、铅在4个季节的含量差异均有统计学意义(H=9.79~20.61，P值均 < 0.05)。5项肺功能参数在4个季节的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为61.72，45.30，47.61，25.47，35.13，P值均 < 0.05)。线性混合效应模型分析结果显示，尿液中钒、锰、铁、钴、镍和锑含量与FEV1呈负性相关(B值分别为0.202，0.192，0.181，0.154，0.131，0.283);尿液中铝、钒、锰、铁、钴、镍、锌、镉和锑的含量与FVC呈负性相关(B值分别为0.252，0.290，0.292，0.271，0.201，0.180，0.171，0.163，0.381);尿液中锰和锑的含量与PEF呈负相关(B值分别为0.291，0.354)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  大学生尿液中多种金属含量的增加与肺功能水平下降有关，金属元素的长期暴露有可能造成肺功能的损害，应加强对环境金属污染的控制。     

Metals in the Surface Sediments of Selected Water Reservoirs, Slovakia

Ruzin and Velke Kozmalovce water reservoirs (Slovakia) receive potentially toxic elements through rivers draining catchment areas polluted with the former extensive mining of ore-bearing deposits. In this study, the concentrations and fractionation of metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium and zinc) have been studied in the surface sediments of the two water reservoirs. Comparison of metal concentrations found in the sediments with the mean shale values revealed a significant anthropogenic enrichment mostly with antimony (22.7), copper (8.5), zinc (5.5), cadmium (4.7), mercury (4.7), arsenic (4.5) and lead (3.9), and antimony (9.8), cadmium (8.8), zinc (4.9), lead (3.3) and arsenic (3.1) in the Ruzin and Velke Kozmalovce reservoirs, respectively. The results of fractionation study showed that the major proportion of cadmium (44.9–52.6%), cobalt (35.7–58.3%) and zinc (27.8–48.7%) was found in labile fractions, i.e., water- and acid-soluble fractions, although copper and nickel exhibited also significant labile fractions. When the risk assessment code was applied to the fractionation study, cadmium and cobalt came under high and very high risk category for the environment, and therefore might cause adverse effect to aquatic life.     

环境铅接触情况下的孕妇元素谱与其所生1岁小孩元素谱关系的研究

本文采用美国Ｐ－Ｅ公司ＥＬＡＮ－５０００型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ），对环境铅污染地区孕妇及其所生１岁小孩的全血元素素谱进行了测定。研究结果表明：孕妇与其所生１岁小孩相关并且差别显著的元素为：镁（Ｍｇ）、铝（Ａｌ）、磷（Ｐ）、氯（Ｃｌ）、钙（Ｃａ）、铜（Ｃｕ）、锌（Ｚｎ）、镧（Ｌａ）和镍（Ｎｉ）；差别显著的元素有：铅（Ｐｂ）、钨（Ｗ）、硼（Ｂ）、磷（Ｐ）、氯（Ｃｌ）、轧（Ｇｄ）、钪（Ｓ     

Adhesion of Solid Particles to Solid Surfaces

Social habits and customs are related to different disease patterns. Snuff inserted in the nares has been shown to be associated with the incidence of antral carcinoma in the Bantu. Carcinoma of the maxillary antrum constitutes 45.5% of all the respiratory tract cancers in the Bantu. A pilot study was conducted to examine the trace metal content in samples of Swazi snuff by atomic absorption spectrometry. The metals analyzed were zinc, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and cadmium. Samples of soot from Swazi huts were also analyzed for the same metals. The Swazi snuff showed high concentrations of nickel, chromium, and zinc. Since nickel and chromium in some forms are known carcinogens, the association between carcinoma of the maxillary antrum and snuff may be prevented if the source of trace metal contamination is eliminated.     

1800名婴幼儿头发中铜锌铁钙镁含量探讨

目的 :通过对武汉市某区 180 0名 3岁以下婴幼儿发样分析 ,探讨该区婴幼儿发中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量的正常水平和婴幼儿部分微量元素营养状况。方法 :采集婴幼儿发样进行预处理后用火焰原子光谱法测定其铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量 ,并对测定结果进行卫生统计学处理。结果 :发铜在性别间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,年龄间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;发锌、钙、镁、铁性别间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,0～ 3月组与其它组别差异显著(P <0 0 5 ) ,0～ 3月婴儿发中铜、锌、铁、钙、镁含量均处于一个较高水平。锌、铜随着年龄的增长至 3～ 12月其含量均呈下降趋势 ,随着年龄进一步增长至 12～ 2 4月 ,其含量略呈回升趋势。铁、钙、镁的含量随年龄的增加呈下降趋势 ,但均处于正常水平 ,且钙与镁呈伴随趋势。结论 :婴幼儿应加强微量元素的营养补充。     

Assessment of Metal Pollution in Soils From a Former Havana (Cuba) Solid Waste Open Dump

Concentrations of cobalt, nickel, cooper, zinc and lead in the top-soils (0–10 cm) from a former Havana solid waste open dump were estimated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The mean metal contents in the dump topsoil samples (in mg kg⁻¹: 8.4 ± 2.7 for cobalt, 50 ± 27 for nickel, 252 ± 80 for copper, 489 ± 230 for zinc and 276 ± 140 for lead) were compared with mean concentrations from Havana urban soils and from other solid waste disposals around the world. The comparison with Dutch soil quality guidelines showed a serious cooper contamination and a slight contamination with the rest of determined metals. The values of the integrated pollution index (mean index = 3.5) indicated that dump soils are highly contaminated by metals, and the enrichment index values shows that metal concentrations on the studied locations are above the permissible levels for urban agriculture.     

Fractionation and Potential Toxic Risk of Metals From Superficial Sediment in Itaipu Lake—Boundary Between Brazil and Paraguay

The objective of this study was to evaluate fractions of metals (labile and pseudo-total) extracted from sediment samples collected in Itaipu Lake (boundary between Brazil and Paraguay) and to assess the dynamics and mobility of these fractions by identifying the same bioavailability and ecological risk to metals in the aquatic environment. The concentrations of metal ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a correlation between the metal ions, both in the labile and the pseudo-total, with regard to particle size. To assess metals concentrations in sediment, numerical sediment-quality guidelines were applied. The concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc in all sediment samples are lower than the proposed probable effects level (PEL), thus possibly indicating that there are no harmful effects from these metals. In contrast, concentrations of copper, chromium, and nickel exceeded the PEL in some samples, thus indicating that these stations are at potential risk. The level of contamination in sediments of Itaipu Lake for all metals was evaluated using contamination factor, degree of contamination, and sum-of-metals toxic unit.     

铅对人体必需元素干扰的研究

对8例铅中毒、34例铅吸收者,在住院条件下,在驱铅前后,采用原子吸收光谱法,检测铅对人体必需元素镁、钙、铜、锌、锰、铬及铁七种元素代谢的干扰。研究中发现铅对人体元素镁、钙、铜及锌有严重干扰。病例组血清镁、钙、铜及锌非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。驱铅后尿铅达正常值二周后,血清镁、钙自然上升,非常显著高于驱铅前(P<0.01);上升病例分别占100%和88.8%。驱铅时尿铅日排量与血清镁呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。人体必需元素镁、钙参与神经递质的释放已被证实。铅中毒引起神经传导速度减慢与铅干扰镁、钙低下的因素不能排除。