简易营养评价法在评价老年糖尿病患者营养状况中的应用

目的探讨简易营养评价法（MNA）在评价老年糖尿病患者营养状况时的敏感性和特异性。方法对116例住院老年糖尿病患者进行MNA问卷调查、人体测量、生化检测和24小时膳食回顾调查。分析MNA用于评价老年糖尿病患者营养状况的敏感性和特异性。结果MNA问卷调查显示住院老年糖尿病患者28．4％营养不良，32．8％具有营养不良危险，38．8％营养良好。当以MNA〈17为界点时，MNA的敏感性分别为75．0％、64．7％和65．8％，特异性分别为76．9％、77．8％和79．5％；当以MNA≤23．5为界点时，MNA的敏感性分别增加为100％、100％和97．4％，特异性下降至43．2％、45．5％和50．0％。MNA与体质指数（r=0．474，P〈0．01）、三头肌皮褶厚度（r=0．369，P〈0．01）、上臂肌围（r=0．479，P〈0．01）、血清白蛋白（r=0．613，P〈0．01）、血红蛋白（r=0．335，P〈0．01）和总淋巴细胞计数（r=0．433，P〈0．01）均呈显著正相关。结论老年糖尿病患者营养不良的发生率高。MNA是一种用于老年糖尿病患者营养状况评价的可靠、灵敏方法。     

微型营养评定法和微型营养评定简表在老年痴呆患者营养筛查中的应用

目的采用微型营养评定法（MNA）和微型营养评定简表（MNA—SF）对老年痴呆患者营养状况进行筛查,比较两者的适用性。方法对267例老年痴呆患者应用MNA和MNA—SF进行营养筛查,测量人体学指标和实验室指标,分析两者的相关性。结果根据MNA值评定营养不良者占59．7％,潜在营养不良者占20．9％,营养正常者占19．4％;营养不良评价敏感性73．4％,特异性60．1％。根据MNA-SF值评定营养不良者占70．4％,营养正常者占29．6％;营养不良评定敏感性50．6％,特异性92．4％。MNA法和MNA-SF法具有高度相关性（r=0．924,P〈0．01）。结论老年痴呆患者营养不良的发生率高,两种方法联合评定提高了老年痴呆患者营养不良患者的检出率,是筛查老年痴呆患者营养不良的有效方法。     

糖尿病患者的微型营养评价

目的用微型营养评价法（MNA）评价糖尿病（DM）患者的营养状况,了解营养不良的患病率,提出改善营养状况的措施。方法对重庆市新桥医院106例糖尿病患者进行MNA问卷调查,根据MNA评分标准评价糖尿病患者营养状况。结果 MNA问卷调查结果显示糖尿病患者8.5%营养不良,64.2%具有营养不良危险,27.3%营养良好。老年糖尿病患者（年龄≥60岁）有48例,其中有16.7%营养不良,62.5%具有营养不良危险,20.8%营养良好。结论糖尿病营养不良患病率与年龄正相关,心理指导对提高DM患者营养状况有益。     

微型营养评价法评价慢病住院老人的营养状况

[目的]用MNA法调查老年慢性住院患者的营养状况,并比较不同营养状况患者的传统营养评价指标的差异.[方法]随机抽取141例住院的慢性疾病的老年患者,用MNA对其进行营养状况评价,并收集和比较其常用的营养评价参数进行分析.[结果]慢性疾病的老年患者营养不良、营养不良危险的发生率分别为36.88%和26.95%,而营养状况良好的患者只占36.17%;对3种不同营养状况的患者常用营养指标分析后发现:3组患者BMI、ALB、HB、Na 、Ca2 、TLC和K 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),营养状况好的患者,其BMI、ALB、HB和TLC较高,而TG和TC无明显统计学意义.[结论]慢性疾病老年住院患者营养不良和营养不良危险的发生率较高,营养不良和营养不良危险患者的常用营养评价指标也会下降.     

两种营养评估方法在原发性肝癌病人中的应用比较

目的:应用主观全面评价法(SGA)和微型营养评价法(MNA)对原发性肝癌病人进行营养评估,并与传统营养指标进行比较,筛选较为适宜的营养评价方法。方法:将80例原发性肝癌病人采用SGA、MNA和传统营养指标对病人进行营养评估,并通过分析与单项营养指标间的相关性,筛选适合肝癌病人的营养评价方法。结果:应用SGA评价的营养不良的发生率为22.5%,MNA评价营养风险为45.0%。SGA与传统单项营养指标的相关性优于MNA。结论:SGA用于肝癌病人的营养评估较MNA更为可靠。     

老年慢性肾功能不全患者的营养状况评价

目的应用微型营养评定(MNA)方法来评价住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养状况.方法110例住院老年慢性肾功能不全患者,采用微型营养评定(MNA)问卷调查法进行营养评定,同时结合人体测量、生化检查.结果[1]根据MNA评分营养不良者28例(25.5%);营养不良危险者56例(50.9%);营养良好者26例(23.6%).[2]轻度、中度、重度肾功能损害三组的营养不良及营养不良危险者发生率分别为70.9%、79.0%、100.0%.[3]MNA评价的营养状况结果有效的反映人体测量、生化检查.结论[1]住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养不良发生率较高.[2]微型营养评定(MNA)方法应用在住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养状况评价中是可行的.     

社区老年人群营养状况综合性评价方法及其应用

[目的]建立一种简便、快速、经济、有效、实用的社区老年人综合性营养状况评价方法。[方法]采用新拟定的问卷评分法以及传统评价方法（人体测量、实验室检测、膳食调查、临床检查）5种方法对182名老年人分别进行调查。将问卷评分法所得结果与传统评价方法所得结果进行比较分析，对问卷评分法的有效性和可靠性进行评价。[结果]①对问卷评分法测得的分值与传统评价方法测得的营养指标进行相关性分析表明，除膳食脂肪摄入量外，余均存在正相关关系；以传统方法综合评价结果为“金标准”，问卷评分法以17分为临界分割点时，其实际应用的灵敏度为92-31％、特异度为88．89％、阳性预测值为88．89％、阴性预测值为98．71％；问卷评分法以分值17、24分为两个临界分割点，将被评价者营养状况分成3种状态：〈17分为营养不良；17～〈24分为存在营养不良危险；≥24分营养状况良好。经过比较，3种状态下主要营养指标差别均有显著性（P〈0．05）。②问卷评分法各项目所得分值与总分值相关分析表明，内在一致度系数a为0．92；30名样本人群采用问卷评分法前后两次调查评分结果无差异，P〉0．05，其Kappa值为0．82。[结论]新的问卷评分法是一种简便、快速、经济、实用、有效、可靠的综合性营养状况评价方法。     

重庆市社区老年人营养不良状况调查分析

目的了解重庆市主城内社区老年人营养不良状况、原因及其影响因素,以便制定改善老年人营养状况的干预措施。方法采用简易营养评价精法（MNA—SF）量表对重庆市渝北区龙塔街道社区年龄大于或等于60岁的356名老年人进行营养状况调查,分析老年人营养不良的影响因素。结果社区老年人营养不良发生率为34．3％。81～90岁老年人营养不良发生率最高为42．1％,60～70岁最低为18．6％,不同年龄老年人营养不良发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。糖尿病老年人营养不良发生率为40．7％,高血压老年人营养不良发生率为23．1％。独居老年人的营养不良发生率为38．0％,与家人同住的老年人营养不良发生率为28．1％,二者比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。存在咀嚼困难的老年人营养不良发生率为37．9％,无咀嚼困难的老年人营养不良发生率仅为18．9％,二者比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。有无饮酒、是否坚持每天吃早餐的老年人之间营养不良发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论重庆市主城社区的老年人营养不良发生率较高,社区护理中应重视老年人营养状况评估,并注意改善老年人的营养状况。     

简易营养评估法量表在中国老年肺癌手术患者中的应用及与术后并发症相关性分析

目的 通过在中国老年肺癌手术患者人群中应用修订后的简易营养评估法(MNA)量表及简易营养评估精法(MNA-SF)量表,了解中国老年肺癌手术患者的营养状况以及评价营养状况与术后并发症之间的关系.方法 利用修订后的MNA量表及MNA-SF量表对150例2010年6月至2011年6月新人院的老年肺癌准备手术的患者进行术前营养评估,同时收集患者基本资料、患病情况、人体测量指标、生化指标、术后并发症等相关资料.结果 根据MNA修订界值后的评分标准,所调查150例(男98例,女52例)老年肺癌手术患者营养不良的发生率为10.7％(16/150),潜在营养不良发生率为32.0％(48/150),营养正常率为57.3％( 86/150);MNA得分(23.7±3.8)分,MNA得分与体质指数(BMI)、上臂肌围(MAC)和腓肠肌围(CC)呈正相关(P＜0.01);MNA-SF得分(11.5±2.4)分,MNA-SF得分与BMI、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、MAC、CC和MNA得分呈正相关(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05);术后并发症的发生率依次为:呼吸系统37.4％(55/147),心血管系统31.3％(46/147),胸腔0.7％(1/147);术后并发症不同发病数目之间及发病类型之间的营养状况比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.590、0.601).结论 修订界值后的MNA量表适合于中国老年肺癌手术患者的营养状况评估,评估结果表明老年肺癌手术患者的营养不良发生率较高,其MNA量表评估结果与术后并发症之间相关性有待进一步证实.     

养老机构老年人营养状况与生活质量相关性研究

目的了解潍坊市养老机构老年人营养状况与生活质量的现状,并探讨其相关性。方法抽取潍坊市12所养老机构506名老年人作为研究对象,采用简易营养评价量表(MNA)和老年人生活质量量表进行问卷调查。结果微型营养评价法(MNA)506名老年人总分为(21.08±2.85)分,生活质量总分为(26.81±2.59)分。相关分析显示,营养状况和生活质量呈明显的相关性(r=0.602,P0.01)。多重线性回归分析显示,影响潍坊市养老机构老年人生活质量的因素有:年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、个人月收入、有无慢性病、营养状况。结论老年人营养状况与生活质量密切相关,可以从加强老年人的平衡营养和合理膳食等方面入手,改善老年人营养状况从而促进综合生活质量的提高。     

住院老年病人营养不良及其对并发症的影响

目的:了解上海地区住院老年病人营养不良的发生率及其对并发症的影响.方法:采用微型营养评估方法(MNA),结合实验室检查、膳食营养素摄入量、临床并发症,对上海市四所医院60岁以上615例住院老年病人进行调查分析.结果:住院老年病人营养不良平均患病率为20.3%,贫血及低清蛋白血症平均发生率分别为41.5%及57.2%.营养不良病人的能量、蛋白质及大多数微量营养素摄入量显著低于营养状况良好者(P＜0.05),感染及脏器功能衰竭并发症增加.结论:住院老年病人营养不良发生率、贫血、低清蛋白血症患病率较高,营养不良对临床结局有不良影响.     

微型营养评定法在恶性肿瘤病人中的应用

为探讨微型营养评定法 (MNA)在恶性肿瘤病人的营养状况评价中的价值 ,测定 2 6 2例恶性肿瘤病人的MNA总分、身高、体重、年龄、体力状况、血液血红蛋白量 (Hb)、红细胞数 (RBC)、血清白蛋白浓度 (Alb)、血清前白蛋白浓度 (PA)。计算实际体重 健康时平时体重比 (UBW % )。根据MNA总分评价病人营养状况 :营养不良组 (MNA总分 <17) ;营养不良危险组 (MNA总分介于 17～ 2 3 5 ) ;营养良好组 (MNA总分≥ 2 4)。结果显示 :MNA总分与UBW %、Alb、PA、BMI值呈显著相关 (r=0 5 0 1～ 0 72 4,P =0 0 0 0 )。MNA与UBW %、BMI、PA、Alb方法评价病人的营养状况有良好的一致性 ,符合率分别为 82 %、76 %、71%、6 8%。根据MNA方法评价全组病人 ,营养不良者占 31 7% (83 2 6 2例 ) ,营养不良危险者占 2 5 9% (6 8 2 6 2例 ) ,营养良好者占 42 4%(111 2 6 2例 ) ;营养不良与营养不良危险的发生率无显著性差异 ;老年与非老年患者营养不良发生率无明显差异。胃癌、肝癌的营养不良发生率明显高于肺癌 (P =0 0 0 1)。体力状况越差 (ECOG分级越高 )、营养不良发生率越高。贫血患者营养不良发生率明显高于非贫血者。感染患者营养不良发生率明显高于非感染者。结果提示 ,MNA对于恶性肿瘤患者具有良好的营养评价作用。胃癌?     

Poor nutritional habits are predictors of poor outcome in very old hospitalized patients

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is prevalent in elderly populations. Recommended methods of nutritional screening are often too complicated and time-consuming for routine application in frail, very old, hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to identify risk factors for development of malnutrition in very old hospitalized patients and to evaluate the total Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score and MNA subscores as predictors of in-hospital and long-term mortality. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients aged > or =75 y was conducted in a geriatric hospital. Assessment included demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and cognitive, functional, and nutritional status. Follow-up was conducted for < or =2.7 y. RESULTS: Of the 414 patients studied, only 73 (17.6%) were well-nourished. Low serum albumin and phosphorus concentrations, dementia, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were significant risk factors for malnutrition. Survival was significantly lower in malnourished patients and patients at risk of malnutrition than in well-nourished patients (P < 0.0001). Low MNA-3 subscores (dietary habits) were significantly correlated with laboratory indexes of malnutrition and were significantly lower in patients with infections, malignancy, pressure ulcers, dementia, recent orthopedic surgery, and CVA. Multivariate analysis showed that a low MNA-3 score was an independent predictor of mortality; scores <7.5 increased the risk of death 2.05-fold. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition was high in elderly hospitalized patients. Dietary habits were significant predictors of poor hospitalization outcome. A questionnaire on dietary habits can serve as a useful tool in assessing nutritional status and prognosis in elderly patients.     

Lack of correlation between total lymphocyte count and nutritional status in the elderly

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is a widespread but largely unrecognized problem in aged people. Although absolute total lymphocyte count (TLC) has been proposed as a useful indicator of nutritional status, there is little evidence that low TLC levels reflect malnutrition in the elderly. To examine whether TLC is a suitable marker of malnutrition in the elderly. METHODS: A total of 161 elderly subjects (44 males and 117 females, mean age+/-SD: 77.9+/-7.4; range: 65-95 years) were enrolled from geriatric clinical settings. The participants were categorized according to severely low, low, or normal TLC. Anthropometry measurements, serum albumin, total cholesterol levels, and total score on the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) were determined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the three TLC groups with regard to anthropometry measurements, serum albumin, total cholesterol levels, or MNA score. There was a significant negative correlation of TLC with age, but not with other nutritional markers. The clinical nutritional screening tool, MNA score, was well correlated with all of the nutritional parameters used in the present study except for TLC. CONCLUSION: TLC is not a suitable marker of malnutrition in the elderly.     

Characteristics of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment in elderly home-care patients

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of malnutrition among elderly people living at home and receiving regular home-care services using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to study the characteristics of the instrument in this patient group. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using the MNA score to assess the nutritional status of elderly home-care patients. SETTING: Municipal home-care services in rural Finland. SUBJECTS: A total of 178 (65%) out of 272 eligible patients aged 75-94 y agreed to participate. MAJOR OUTCOME METHODS: MNA questionnaire, anthropometrics, structured questionnaire, menu record. RESULTS: According to MNA, 3% were malnourished (MNA < 17 points), 48% at risk for malnutrition (17-23.5 points) and 49% well nourished (>23.5 points). The mean MNA score was 23.4. Weight loss, psychological stress, nutritional status, decline in food intake, self-perceived health status and mid-arm circumference (MAC) showed the strongest significant correlations (P=0.0001) to total MNA score. MNA questions with the strongest significant intercorrelations (P=0.0001) were body mass index with MAC and calf circumference; and the decline of food intake and self-perceived nutritional status. The number of eating problems correlated significantly to the MNA score (P=0.0011). Those with chewing and swallowing problems (n=64, 36%) had a significantly lower MNA score than others (P=0.0001). Dry mouth together with chewing and swallowing problems (n=40, 22%) reduced the MNA score even further (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that MNA is a useful tool in the identification of elderly home-care patients at risk for malnutrition.     

Depressive symptoms and risk for malnutrition among hospitalized elderly people

Objectives: To explore the association between depressive symptoms and risk for malnutrition in hospitalized elderly people.Methods: 195 hospitalized medical patients older than 65 years of age were studied in a cross-sectional design. Depression was assessed by 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), nutritional status was evaluated by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Eating and digestive problems were assessed using selected items of Nutrition Risk Index (NRI), cognitive and functional status by Folstein and Barthel indices respectively; demographic data, diagnoses and medications were obtained from medical records.Results: The prevalence of depression in the studied population was 28%. MNA scores were significantly lower among depressed patients as compared with non-depressed (22.86 vs. 24.96, p < 0.001), indicating a higher risk for undernutrition among depressed persons. After controlling for age, cognitive status, functional ability, and number of illnesses, undernutrition was significantly associated with depression (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.04–4.8).Conclusions: Nutritional risk is associated with depression in aged inpatients. Close case management of the elderly hospitalized patients that include assessment and treatment for both disorders may be beneficial.     

Fast and simple screening for nutritional status in hospitalized, elderly people

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition has been frequently reported among hospitalized elderly patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mini nutrition assessment (MNA) and a screening sheet for malnutrition (SSM) by full nutritional assessment (FNA) in elderly people, and to construct a shorter screening method by combining important questions from MNA and SSM. Having a screening tool as fast and simple as possible could increase its use in clinical routines. METHODS: FNA, MNA and SSM were carried out on 60 hospitalized patients (>65 years). Sensitivity and specificity for MNA and SSM were calculated in comparison with FNA. In order to construct a short and simple screening tool, questions from the two screening tools, which differed significantly between mal- and well-nourished patients, were used in a multivariate, stepwise linear regression. The regression model was simplified to be suitable in clinical routines. RESULTS: Malnourishment was diagnosed by FNA in 58.3% of the elderly patients, with no gender difference. Body mass index, unintended weight loss, recent surgery and loss of appetite were predictors of malnutrition in the regression model (R(2) = 60.1%). The sensitivity and specificity of the simplified regression model were 89 and 88%, respectively, which was more precise than MNA (77 and 36%) and SSM (89 and 60%). CONCLUSION: According to FNA, malnutrition is frequent in elderly hospitalized patients. Four questions are sufficient to conduct precise nutritional screening for malnutrition in elderly hospitalized patients. This new screening tool should be verified in other samples.     

The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature--What does it tell us?

To review the literature on the MNA to Spring 2006, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus, and did a manual search in J Nutr Health Aging, Clin Nutr, Eur J Clin Nutr and free online available publications. VALIDATION AND VALIDITY: The MNA was validated against two principal criteria, clinical status and comprehensive nutrition assessment using principal component and discriminant analysis. The MNA shortform (MNA-SF) was developed and validated to allow a 2-step screening process. The MNA and MNA-SF are sensitive, specific, and accurate in identifying nutrition risk. NUTRITIONAL SCREENING: The prevalence of malnutrition in community-dwelling elderly (21 studies, n = 14149 elderly) is 2 +/- 0.1% (mean +/- SE, range 0- 8%) and risk of malnutrition is 24 +/- 0.4% (range 8-76%). A similar pattern is seen in out-patient and home care elderly (25 studies, n = 3119 elderly) with prevalence of undernutrition 9 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SE, range 0-30%) and risk of malnutrition 45 +/- 0.9% (range 8-65%). A high prevalence of undernutrition has been reported in hospitalized and institutionalized elderly patients: prevalence of malnutrition is 23 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SE, range 1- 74%) in hospitals (35 studies, n = 8596) and 21 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SE, range 5-71%) in institutions (32 studies, n = 6821 elderly). An even higher prevalence of risk of malnutrition was observed in the same populations, with 46 +/- 0.5% (range 8-63%) and 51 +/- 0.6% (range 27-70%), respectively. In cognitively impaired elderly subjects (10 studies, n = 2051 elderly subjects), detection using the MNA, prevalence of malnutrition was 15 +/- 0.8% (mean +/- SE, range 0-62%), and 44 +/- 1.1% (range 19-87%) of risk of malnutrition. CHARACTERISTICS: The large variability is due to differences in level of dependence and health status among the elderly. In hospital settings, a low MNA score is associated with an increase in mortality, prolonged length of stay and greater likelihood of discharge to nursing homes. Malnutrition is associated with functional and cognitive impairment and difficulties eating. The MNA(R) detects risk of malnutrition before severe change in weight or serum proteins occurs. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION: Intervention studies demonstrate that timely intervention can stop weight loss in elderly at risk of malnutrition or undernourished and is associated with improvements in MNA scores. The MNA can also be used as a follow up assessment tool. CONCLUSION: The MNA is a screening and assessment tool with a reliable scale and clearly defined thresholds, usable by health care professionals. It should be included in the geriatric assessment and is proposed in the minimum data set for nutritional interventions.     

Nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease: Prevalence of malnutrition and the relation of various factors to nutritional status

Objetives

To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its relation to various factors in community-dwelling elderly with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Design

Retrospective crosssectional study.

Setting

Memory clinic in a rural part of the Netherlands.

Participants

312 Community-dwelling AD patients, aged 65 years or older, were included.

Measurements

At the time the diagnosis AD was made, socio-demographic characteristics and data on nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)), cognitive function (Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (Camcog)), functional status (Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia (IDDD), Barthel Index (BI)) and behaviour (Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist (RMBPC)) were assessed. Characteristics of well-nourished patients (MNA score >23.5) were compared to characteristics of patients at risk of malnutrition (MNA score 17–23.5). Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of various factors on nutritional status.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition was 0% and 14.1% was at risk of malnutrition. AD patients at risk of malnutrition were more impaired in basic and complex daily functioning than well-nourished AD patients (median IDDD score 41.5 [25th–75th percentile 38.8–48.0] versus median IDDD score 40.0 [25th–75th percentile 37.0–43.0], p = 0.028). The degree of impairment in basic and complex daily functioning (IDDD) was independently related to nutritional status (MNA) (p = 0.001, B = ?0.062).

Conclusion

One in seven community-dwelling elderly with newly diagnosed AD is at risk of malnutrition. The degree of impairment in daily functioning is independently related to nutritional status. Therefore, assessment of the nutritional status should be included in the comprehensive assessment of AD patients. The relation between daily functioning, nutritional status and AD warrants further investigation.