小鼠FABP3基因全长cDNA的克隆、真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的克隆小鼠FABP3基因的全长cDNA,构建其真核表达载体,并于COS-7细胞内表达。方法利用PCR技术扩增小鼠FABP3基因的开放阅读框序列,并在3′末端连接24bp的Flag标签,克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,构建表达质粒pcD-NA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag,并行PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定。将构建的重组质粒通过脂质体转染COS-7细胞,分别采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光法检测其FABP3mRNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果所构建的pcDNA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag重组载体可酶切出418bp的FABP3 cDNA片段和442bp的FABP3-FlagcDNA片段,经测序证实正确。转染后的COS-7细胞经RT-PCR可扩增出278bp的目的片段,且免疫荧光分析可见特异性的FABP3及Flag蛋白表达。结论构建了FABP3基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-FABP3和pcDNA3.1-FABP3-Flag,并于COS-7细胞中成功转录表达,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

稳定表达人MAGE-1基因的小鼠细胞系的建立与鉴定

目的：克隆人黑素瘤抗原-1（MAGE-1）基因，构建真核表达载体，建立稳定表达人MAGE-1的小鼠细胞株。方法：提取人肝癌细胞的总RNA，RT-PCR法获得人MAGE-1cDNA，将测序正确的MAGE-1基因克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3中，进行酶切鉴定和序列测定。将重组质粒pcDNA／MAGE和空载体pcDNA3分别转染入小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2／0中，经G418筛选获得稳定表达株，用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测MAGE-1基因的转录及蛋白表达。结果：从肝癌细胞中成功克隆到人MAGE-1基因，经测序证明基因正确，酶切和序列测定表明，人MAGE-1基因的真核表达质粒已成功构建。将此重组质粒转入的SP2／0细胞可稳定表达人MAGE-1基因。结论：成功构建可稳定表达人MAGE-1基因的小鼠转基因细胞，为MAGE-1的免疫治疗研究奠定了基础。     

人黑色素浓集激素1型受体真核表达载体的构建及稳定转染CHO细胞系的建立

目的 构建人黑色素浓集激素1型受体(MCHR1)真核表达载体,转染CHO细胞,建立稳定转染的CHO细胞系.方法 采用PCR方法,以人胎脑cDNA文库为模板扩增人MCHR1基因的全长cDNA编码区序列,利用DNA重组技术将其定向插入到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( ),经酶切和测序鉴定后,用脂质体转染法转染CHO细胞,通过G418筛选,建立稳定转染的CHO细胞系,用RT-PCR、Western blot及免疫荧光法检测MCHR1的表达.结果 成功构建了pcDNA3.1( )/MCHR1真核表达载体,并建立了稳定转染的CHO细胞系,成功地表达了目的基因.结论 真核表达载体的构建和稳定转染CHO细胞系的建立为进一步研究MCHR1功能奠定了良好的实验基础.     

锌带蛋白基因ZNRD1高表达胃癌细胞模型的建立

为建立高表达ZNRD1胃癌细胞模型，通过分子克隆技术将ZNRD1基因全长cDNA片段克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1^ 的多克隆位点之间，对重组质粒进行酶切鉴定，经显微注射将重组质粒导入人胃癌细胞SGC7901，G418筛选后应用Nothern blot检测ZNRD1基因的表达。结果经酶切鉴定证实正确地构建了真核表达质粒，转染SGC7901细胞后获得有效表达。表明已成功地构建ZNRD1基因真核表达载体，并经显微注射法建立了高表达锌带蛋白基因ZNRD1的胃癌细胞模型，为深入研究ZNRD1的作用和机制奠定了基础。     

血管内皮生长因子C正、反义真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的克隆血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF-C）基因,构建VEGF-C正、反义真核表达载体,鉴定并分析其基因序列。方法从处于对数生长期的人SGC-7901细胞中提取组织总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增出VEGF-C基因的正、反义全长cDNA。利用大肠杆菌转化并制备质粒pCI-neo和pcDNA3。分别用XbaI＋EcoRⅠ及HindⅢ＋EcoRⅠ双酶切两组质粒和VEGF-C cDNA,并将正、反义VEGF-C cDNA克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3和pCI-neo中。酶切鉴定、质粒双向测序鉴定重组基因。结果扩增出VEGF-C基因全长cDNA,大小约1.3kb。克隆出正、反义重组质粒为pcDNA3-sense VEGF-C,pCI-neo-antisense VEGF-C,电泳结果显示条带大小约6.8kb。碱基测序证实重组质粒中导入的DNA片段碱基序列与预期的设计路线相符且两片段互补、方向相反。结论正确克隆VEGF-C基因,成功构建了VEGF-C正、反义真核表达载体,为下一步研究反义VEGF-C转染VEGF-C基因高表达的肿瘤细胞后对其体外生长的影响创造了条件,也为进一步研究VEGF-C在胃癌新生淋巴管的形成和转移中的作用奠定了基础。     

HA表位标记的人Axud1基因的构建及在肺腺癌SPC-A1细胞中的表达

构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达的血凝素HA表位标记的人Axud1融合蛋白表达载体。RT PCR从人外周血淋巴细胞中扩增Axud1全长cDNA ,用含HA序列的特异引物PCR扩增HA Axud1,经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切后插入到经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切的真核表达载体pcDNA3 .1( ) 中 ,重组质粒PCR、酶切和测序鉴定正确 ,最后将该质粒转染入肺腺癌SPC A1细胞中 ,Westernblot检测HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达。结果显示 ,筛选的G418抗性克隆SPC A1细胞中均有HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达 ,为进一步研究Axud1蛋白在肿瘤细胞中的功能提供了一个重要工具     

小鼠4-1BBL基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的：构建含小鼠4-1BBL编码区cDNA序列的真核表达载体，并检测其在COS-7细胞中的表达。方法：将目的基因4-1BBL克隆人pUCl9载体中并进行酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定。亚克隆入真核质粒pIRES2-EGFP，构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-m4-1BBL。用脂质体法将重组质粒转入COS-7细胞，以RT-PER和观察细胞内荧光的方法检测m4-1BBL的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和序列分析证实，重组质粒含有人4-lBBL全长cDNA编码序列，转染实验表明4-lBBL基因能在COS-7细胞中表达。结论：鼠4-1BBL全长cDNA基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7中的表达均获成功，为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

透明质酸介导运动受体真核表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌增殖和迁移的影响

目的 构建透明质酸介导运动受体(HMMR)真核表达重组质粒并在乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞中转染和鉴定,探究HMMR对乳腺癌细胞生长、增殖和迁移的影响.方法 采用PCR技术以人乳腺文库为模板扩增HMMR基因并与pcDNA3.0-FLAG载体在EcoR V和Xho Ⅰ酶切位点进行连接,构建真核表达载体(pcDNA3.0-FLAG-HMMR),并转染乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞;通过Western印迹法、CCK8实验和克隆形成检测HMMR基因表达对ZR75-1生长的影响,划痕实验验证真核表达载体对ZR75-1细胞迁移的影响.结果 经酶切鉴定及序列测序验证真核重组表达载体构建成功,并在ZR75-1细胞中表达;并且发现HMMR对ZR75-1细胞的增殖和迁移具有显著的促进作用.结论 构建的真核表达载体转染至ZR75-1细胞后,明显促进ZR75-1增殖和迁移,这为研究HMMR基因在乳腺癌发生发展机制奠定了基础.     

乙酰肝素酶信号肽对其活性功能的影响研究

目的:乙酰肝素酶在肿瘤转移过程中起关键作用,其信号肽在该酶翻译后处理过程中起重要作用.本研究旨在探索乙酰肝素酶在哺乳动物细胞中的表达特性及其信号肽对此酶功能活性的影响.方法:从人胎盘cDNA文库中扩增乙酰肝素酶全长编码基因,克隆入pGEM-T载体中,测序鉴定序列完全正确后,将此基因的全长和不含信号肽基因序列分别克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA4.1/Myc-His中构建pcDNA4.1/Myc-His full HPA和pcDNA4.1/Myc-His part HPA,转化COS-7细胞进行瞬时表达,分析这两种乙酰肝素酶蛋白的表达特性及功能活性.结果:在转染了乙酰肝素酶全基因的COS-7细胞裂解液中检测到该酶的功能活性及大小约53×103(Mr)的目的蛋白免疫印迹表达带,为切割激活后乙酰肝素酶羧基端大亚基与标签蛋白的融合体.在转染了敲除信号肽的乙酰肝素酶基因的COS-7细胞裂解液中测到未被切割激活的大小约65×103(Mr)的目的蛋白免疫印迹表达带,未能检测到该酶的功能活性.结论:在COS-7细胞中表达的完整的乙酰肝素酶蛋白和不含信号肽的乙酰肝素酶蛋白均位于细胞内,没有或很少被分泌到细胞外,提示该酶在正常状态下主要分布在细胞内.含信号肽的酶蛋白在翻译后处理过程中被细胞内的蛋白酶切割成2个亚基而被激活,具有功能活性.而不含信号肽的酶蛋白没有被切割而成为有活性的酶,提示乙酰肝素酶的信号肽对其翻译后加工、激活过程有重要的影响.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.