CD4~+CD25~+FOXP3~+Treg细胞与急性移植物抗宿主病的关系

背景:CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞具有免疫抑制作用,推测可能减少异基因造血干细胞后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。目的:观察粒细胞集落刺激因子动员前后,供者外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比率变化,并探讨CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞与异基因造血干细胞移植后发生急性移植物抗宿主病的关系。方法:以异基因造血干细胞移植受者90例及其供者为研究对象,供者皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(5μg/kg),1次/12 h,连续5 d后,采集干细胞;分别于动员前后采集供者外周血,流式细胞仪检测其中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞含量,及受者接受移植物中此类细胞含量;根据接受CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞数分为高剂量组(细胞比例≥5%)及低剂量组(细胞比例5%),比较两组移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。结果与结论:供者在应用粒系集落刺激因子动员前后CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比例分别为11.3%和1.5%,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);急性移植物抗宿主病阳性组所接受移植物中该群细胞比例为3.4%,阴性组为15.7%,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);移植造血重建后高剂量组急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率为18.4%,低剂量组急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率为48.1%,二者差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。因而,粒系集落刺激因子应用能降低正常人外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比例;CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞增加可以降低急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。     

造血干细胞动员和采集对正常供者的影响

背景:粒细胞集落刺激因子动员是当前健康志愿供者采用的主要方法。据国内外文献报告:在粒细胞集落刺激因子动员中已发生少数严重不良反应,这引起了国人对中国非血缘健康供者安全的忧虑。粒细胞集落刺激因子作为动员剂对健康志愿供者有何影响?是否安全?目的:观察粒细胞集落刺激因子对正常供者的影响。方法:选择2003-01/2008-12在海口市人民医院接受粒细胞集落刺激因子5～10μg/(kg·d)动员剂进行外周血造血干细胞捐赠者16例,观察动员及采集过程的不良反应,检测动员前后血常规CD3、CD19、CD3+4、CD3+8细胞比值在动员前后变化,并随访所有供者。结果与结论:10例供者在重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员过程中无任何不适,有3例出现低热,头痛、肌肉及骨骼疼痛、腰痛等,3例供者出现发热,其严重程度均在Ⅰ级,但无需终止动员。白细胞经重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员后数量较动员前升高,停止动员后3d全部供者的白细胞恢复至动员前水平。血红蛋白、血小板、CD3、CD19、CD3+4、CD3+8细胞比值在动员前、动员后72,96h无明显变化。提示健康供者可耐受粒细胞集落刺激因子5～10μg/(kg·d),动员和采集过程;且对T细胞亚群无影响。     

养心通脉有效部位方与急性心肌梗死大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的动员及定向归巢

背景:急性梗死心肌修复过程中,寻找可有效提高外周血骨髓间充质干细胞的数量、并动员其定向归巢于损伤心肌的骨髓间充质干细胞动员剂尤为关键。目的:探讨养心通脉有效部位方对急性心肌梗死大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞动员入血及定向归巢于梗死心肌的影响。方法:养心通脉有效部位方主要成分包括人参皂苷、丹参酮ⅡA、总生物碱、人参多糖等,由中南大学药学院依课题组稳定的制作工艺制作提供。SD大鼠70只,取8只大鼠作为正常对照组,剩余62只大鼠建立急性心肌梗死模型。取造模成功的32只大鼠,随机分为养心通脉有效部位方组、复方丹参注射液组、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子组、模型对照组,各组均于造模3h后给与对应药物,连续5d。流式细胞仪检测外周血CD34+细胞数,免疫组化染色检测梗死心肌边缘区CD34+细胞数。结果与结论:与模型对照组比较,重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子组、养心通脉有效部位方组外周血CD34+细胞数均明显增加(P0.01);心肌梗死边缘区胞浆CD34+细胞数均显著增加(P0.01)。与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子组比较,养心通脉有效部位方组心肌梗死边缘区胞浆CD34+细胞数显著增加(P0.01)。养心通脉有效部位方能促进骨髓干细胞动员入血,并定向归巢于梗死心肌,其作用与重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子大体相当,在归巢CD34+细胞方面甚至强于重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子,是一种良好的骨髓间充质干细胞动员剂。     

干细胞生长因子和粒细胞集落刺激因子与心肌梗死大鼠体内骨髓间充质干细胞的迁移

背景：外周静脉移植间充质干细胞只有1%~5%的移植细胞能归巢到心肌梗死区域。 目的：观察干细胞生长因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子对骨髓间充质干细胞归巢的影响。 方法：采用贴壁培养法分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,取传至3~5代细胞。建立SD大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,干细胞生长因子组、粒细胞集落刺激因子组、干细胞生长因子+粒细胞集落刺激因子组在骨髓间充质干细胞移植前3 d和移植后3 d单独或混合皮下注射干细胞生长因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子,骨髓间充质干细胞组不注射细胞因子。 结果与结论：荧光显微镜下观察,骨髓间充质干细胞迁移至心肌梗死组织,骨髓间充质干细胞组、干细胞生长因子组、粒细胞集落刺激因子组迁移至心肌梗死区的骨髓间充质干细胞数量没有明显的区别(P > 0.05),干细胞生长因子+粒细胞集落刺激因子组的骨髓间充质干细胞数量明显高于其他3组(P < 0.05)。免疫荧光组织化学显示,植入的部分骨髓间充质干细胞表达心肌特异蛋白cTnI。结果说明干细胞生长因子和粒细胞集落刺激因子两种细胞因子联合应用可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞归巢至心肌梗死区域,在体内微环境的诱导下,骨髓间充质干细胞能够转化为心肌样细胞。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对骨髓极小胚胎样干细胞的动员和募集

背景：极小胚胎样干细胞(very small embryonic-like stem cells,VSEL-SCs)是一种非造血干细胞,具有类似胚胎干细胞的生物学特性。目前,心肌梗死后VSEL-SCs的研究较多,而急性脑梗死后VSEL-SCs的动员及其修复受损组织的研究在国内外报道尚少。 目的：观察小鼠急性脑梗死后粒细胞集落刺激因子对骨髓来源的VSEL-SCs动员、募集及其作用机制。 方法：线栓法制备小鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,腹腔内分别注射粒细胞集落刺激因子和生理盐水,观察术后神经功能评分,流式细胞分析计数动员到外周血中的VSEL-SCs数量;ELISA方法分析术后血浆及缺血侧脑组织中基质细胞衍生因子1水平的动态变化,免疫组化观察缺血边缘带的基质细胞衍生因子1阳性细胞表达。 结果与结论：与生理盐水组相比,术后108 h粒细胞集落刺激因子组造模后神经功能评分明显降低(P < 0.05);术后72,108 h粒细胞集落刺激因子组动员到外周血的VSEL-SCs含量高于生理盐水组(P  < 0.05);粒细胞集落刺激因子组血浆和脑组织中基质细胞衍生因子1水平高于生理盐水组(P < 0.05),血浆基质细胞衍生因子1水平与动员到外周血的VSEL-SCs数量成正相关;脑组织免疫组化中,粒细胞集落刺激因子组基质细胞衍生因子1阳性细胞多于生理盐水组。结果显示粒细胞集落刺激因子能使更多的VSEL-SCs从骨髓动员到外周血中,粒细胞集落刺激因子对缺血脑组织的保护作用,可能在于其能够使缺血边缘带的基质细胞衍生因子1表达增加,并通过CXCR4/SDF-1轴的趋化作用,使募集到梗死区域的CXCR4+细胞增多来实现的。     

EP_2A体外可促进人CD34~+细胞归巢而不能促进其增殖

目的:探讨前列腺素E_2受体2激动剂(EP_2A)在体外对人CD34~+细胞的归巢与增殖作用。方法:收集健康供者经粒细胞集落刺激因子动员后的外周血,免疫磁珠法分选出人CD34~+细胞;同时收集健康供者动员前骨髓液,分离单个核细胞,并行骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSC)培养。人CD34~+细胞和BMMSC经前列腺素E_2(阳性对照)、DMSO(阴性对照)、EP_2A和EP_2A+前列腺素E_2受体2拮抗剂(EP_2AA)处理后,对人CD34~+细胞用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,集落形成实验检测集落形成数目,流式细胞术检测G_2/M期细胞比例,Western blot检测细胞中survivin、β-catenin及CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)的蛋白表达;ELISA法检测BMMSC中基质细胞衍生因子1α(SDF-1α)的含量。结果:EP_2A组与阴性对照组相比,人CD34~+细胞在细胞活力、集落形成数目、G_2/M期比例及survivin和β-catenin蛋白表达方面均无明显差别。但EP_2A组人CD34~+细胞CXCR4及BMMSC SDF-1α的表达均明显高于阴性对照组。结论:EP_2A体外可促进人CD34~+细胞归巢但不能促进其增殖。     

内源性增加单个核细胞自体移植提升血管闭塞性脉管炎调节性T细胞比例

背景：自体外周造血干细胞具有多向分化潜能的特点,可促进缺血肢体新生血管形成,改善和恢复患肢的血液供应。 目的：观察自体外周血单个核细胞自体移植对血管闭塞性脉管炎大鼠的治疗作用。 方法：将24只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和粒细胞集落刺激因子组。在模型组和粒细胞集落刺激因子组大鼠中股动脉注射月桂酸钠建立血管闭塞性脉管炎大鼠模型。粒细胞集落刺激因子组大鼠连续5 d以重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员外周血单个核细胞,第7天接受外周血单个核细胞移植,对照组和模型组大鼠仅给予生理盐水。 结果与结论：与造模前相比,模型组和粒细胞集落刺激因子组大鼠造模后足背部体温及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著降低,下肢溃疡面积明显增加;粒细胞集落刺激因子组大鼠动员后第6天白细胞数量及CD34+细胞占单个核细胞的百分比增加,外周血单个核细胞移植之后1个月时足背部体温与建模前接近,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著上升。提示外周血单个核细胞内源性增加后进行自体移植,可提升血管闭塞性脉管炎大鼠调节性T细胞比例,有助于迅速缓解症状、促进溃疡愈合。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

自体干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足的干细胞动员和采集

背景：在自体干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血性疾病的干细胞动员期间,国内外大多数研究组均常规应用5~10 μg/(kg•d)的粒细胞集落刺激因子动员,5 d后采集干细胞进行移植,这是否为最佳的动员时间和采集时机未见相关报道。 目的：分析探讨自体干细胞移植最佳动员方案及采集时机,提高该方法的安全性。 方法：对备行干细胞移植的18例糖尿病足患者分别采用粒细胞集落刺激因子5,10 μg/(kg•d)进行造血干细胞动员,分析粒细胞集落刺激因子动员天数、剂量与外周血白细胞、单个核细胞、CD34⁺细胞数的关系,并检测干细胞动员前后、采集前后患者凝血指标、血小板计数的变化,观察患者动员及采集过程的不良反应。 结果与结论：随着动员天数的增加,白细胞和单个核细胞、CD34⁺细胞数也随之增加,干细胞获得的效率与粒细胞集落刺激因子的剂量、动员时间有关,外周血中CD34⁺总数与单个核细胞总数呈正相关。患者的凝血指标在动员和采集前后无显著变化。血小板计数在动员前后无变化,但在采集后有显著下降;18例患者中仅有1例在粒细胞集落刺激因子动员中发生轻度骨头酸痛,1例出现发热,其他患者均无不良反应发生。提示,糖尿病足患者干细胞采集的最佳时机不能单凭动员天数和外周血白细胞数决定,而是由外周血单个核细胞数和CD34⁺的数量来决定。且干细胞动员和采集对患者的不良反应小,安全性高。     

尾静脉注射骨髓基质细胞和腹腔注射粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗大鼠脑梗死

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞具有成神经分化特性,有很多试验也证实粒细胞集落刺激因子可以用于改善脑梗死后的神经功能。 目的：比较静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞和腹腔注射粒细胞集落刺激因子动员干细胞来治疗大脑中动脉闭塞模型大鼠疗效。 方法：实验以改良的Zea-longa线栓法阻断大脑中动脉建立SD大鼠脑梗死模型,造模24 h后分别通过尾静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞或腹腔注射粒细胞集落刺激因子。 结果与结论：两种治疗方法均可改善脑梗死模型大鼠的运动和认知功能,且粒细胞集落刺激因子对脑梗死模型大鼠的运动和认知功能的改善比尾静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞明显,移植后第7,14天,粒细胞集落刺激因子组梗死面积小于骨髓间充质干细胞组(P < 0.05),粒细胞集落刺激因子组BrdU阳性细胞数多于骨髓间充质干细胞组(P < 0.05)。提示粒细胞集落刺激因子动员骨髓干细胞治疗脑梗死的疗效可能优于骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射的移植方法。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子调节T淋巴细胞免疫功能的实验研究

目的研究粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对T淋巴细胞免疫功能的调节作用。方法以15例健康供者为对象,在其应用G-CSF前后,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测外周血T淋巴细胞表面免疫标记、Annexin V及细胞内细胞因子的表达,用淋巴细胞转化试验检测T淋巴细胞的增殖反应。结果供者用G-CSF后,CIM^ 、CD8^ 细胞数无明显变化,CIM^ 、CD8^ 细胞内IFN-γ表达降低,IL-4表达增高;T细胞对丝裂原的增殖反应降低。Th1和Th2细胞表面Annexin V的表达无显著性差异。结论G-CSF制了丝裂原刺激T细胞的功能,使供者T细胞向Th2型细胞转化,细胞凋亡不是Th1／Th2转化的机制。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964