ST抬高型急性心肌梗死冠状动脉病变与体表心电图的关系

冠状动脉造影是明确冠状动脉病变最直接、直观的检查手段，体表心电图是诊断急性心肌梗死常用，有效的无创性手段之一。本综述ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患冠状动脉病变与体表心电图的联系，为临床安全、有效地进行冠状动脉介入治疗提供帮助。     

动态心电图与冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的临床价值比较

目的研究探讨动态心电图与冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的临床应用价值。方法将我院2012年7月~2014年7月确诊为冠心病的患者100例为研究对象。所有患者应用动态心电图与冠状动脉造影的检查方法,比较两种检查方法诊断病症的敏感性与特异性。结果检查结果显示,动态心电图检查方法的敏感性为70%,冠状动脉造影检查方法的敏感性为100%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与此同时冠状动脉造影检查方法的特异性100%高于动态心电图检查方法的80%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);并且在检查的过程中发现冠状动脉单支病变检出50例,双支病变检出48例,而动态心电图单支病变检出42例,双支病变检出33例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相比较动态心电图诊断方法,冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病更符合临床诊断结果,但是动态心电图具有无创性、重复性强与操作简便的特点。因此,冠心病患者在诊断的过程中可将冠状动脉造影作为主要的诊断方法,动态心电图作为辅助检查方法。     

基因表达评分在非糖尿病冠心病诊断中的应用进展

正现有的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊断手段主要有心电图、心脏超声、冠状动脉造影、冠状动脉CTA及心肌灌注成像(MPI)等,其中冠状动脉造影是诊断冠心病的金标准,临床中在冠状动脉造影检查前通常使用非侵入性检查手段进行危险因素评估,但均存在特异性差或敏感度低等缺陷,不利于冠心病的早期诊断。基因表达评分(GES)是基于患者年龄、性别以及通过q RT-PCR的方法定量检测患者外周血中23个基因表达水平     

老年患者心电图与冠脉造影结果的对比分析

目的探讨体表心电图对老年人冠心病的诊断价值。方法将105例老年人体表心电图与冠状动脉造影进行对比分析。结果105例患者中心电图阳性81例,其中冠状动脉造影阳性65例,冠状动脉造影阴性16例;心电图阴性24例,其中冠状动脉造影阳性14例(包括4例肌桥),冠状动脉造影阴性10例。在不同的年龄组中,男性患者冠状动脉造影阳性率高于心电图阳性率,但差异不显著(p>0.05);女性患者中,85岁以上年龄组造影与心电图阳性率一致,而65～74岁及75～84岁组冠状动脉造影阳性率均低于心电图阳性率,差异不显著(p>0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,心电图诊断冠心病的阳性率也越高。结论体表心电图作为临床诊断老年人冠心病具有简单、快捷、经济、易于接受等优点,是老年人重要的无创性检查方法之一。     

心电图负荷试验、动态心电图、心脏超声、核素心肌显像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断价值的对比分析

目的对比分析心电图负荷试验、动态心电图(AECG)、心脏超声、核素心肌断层显像(SPECT)4种无创伤诊断与有创冠脉造影对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对拟诊断的230例患者进行心电图负荷试验,动态心电图监测,心脏超声检查,放射核素心肌显像及冠状动脉造影的冠心病诊断检查,记录结果并进行比较分析。结果以冠状动脉造影为金标准进行对比分析发现,心电图负荷试验诊断冠心病的敏感性最高为82.2%,超声心动图最低为43.8%;心电图负荷试验诊断冠心病特异性最高为71.4%,超声心动图最低为52.8%;心电图负荷试验诊断冠心病准确性最高为78.3%,动态心动图为75.7%,核素心肌断层显像为59.1%,超声心动图最低为46.9%。结论 4种对冠心病无创检查中,心电图负荷试验的敏感性,特异性、准确性比较高,在没有造影条件的情况下可为临床诊断冠心病提供可靠的证据。     

活动平板心脏负荷试验与冠状动脉造影83例对比分析

目的　评价活动平板心脏负荷试验对冠心病的诊断价值。方法　选择 83例临床拟诊冠心病患者 (无心肌梗死病史 )行心电图活动平板运动试验 ,并于 2周内行冠状动脉造影 ,将两者结果对比分析。结果　运动试验诊断冠心病的敏感性 79.5 % ,特异性41.0 % ,阳性预测率 61.45 % ,阴性预测率 3 9.7% ,假阴性率 2 0 .5 %。中高危人群活动平板阳性预测率 82 .1% ,冠状动脉造影阳性率 62 .7% ;低危人群活动平板阳性预测率 18.8% ,冠状动脉造影阳性率 12 .5 % ,P<0 .0 0 5 ,可认为两组人群的阳性率有显著差异。结论　心电图活动平板运动试验是诊断冠心病较理想的无创性检查方法 ;结合冠心病易患因素综合分析 ,对确诊冠心病拟诊患者有重要参考价值 ,可为选择适合行冠状动脉造影的高危患者提供重要依据 ,提高冠状动脉造影的诊断效率 ,同时减少不必要的诊疗风险和卫生资源耗费。     

运动心电图和~(201)铊心肌显影能排除冠状动脉疾病的诊断吗?

临床病史和静息与运动时心电图常不能确定一个患者是否患有冠状动脉疾病.本文旨在探讨临床病史、运动心电图和运动~(201)铊显影相结合,能否作为冠状动脉疾病的一种筛选试验,如极量踏板运动时这二种试验均为阴性,能否排除冠状动脉疾病而不必再作冠状动脉造影.方法:96例为了评价胸痛而作左心室和冠状动脉造影的患者,在冠状动脉造影后2月内(大多在二周内),根据Bruce方案作心电图踏板运动试     

平板运动试验联合动态心电图诊断冠心病的价值

目的 评价平板运动试验联合动态心电图诊断冠心病的价值.方法 以冠状动脉造影检查结果为标准观察 79 例疑似冠心病患者入院后动态心电图、平板运动试验和联合两种检查对冠状动脉病变诊断的诊断价值.结果 平板运动试 验与动态心电图对各种数量冠状动脉病变检出敏感度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两种联合检查的敏感度为 85.4%,特异度 为 93.1%,阳性预测值为91.2%.结论 平板运动试验联合动态心电图检测可降低冠心病的假阳性率,有助于提高单项检查 诊断冠心病的准确性.     

冠状动脉造影与体表心电图对冠心病诊断的对比研究

冠状动脉造影(CAG)是明确冠状动脉病变最直接、最直观的检查手段,是诊断冠心病的可靠方法,是冠心病介入治疗和外科搭桥术前必需的检查,是评价病变严重程度、估计预后、制定治疗方案的客观依据。体表心电图(ECG)是诊断心肌缺血常用的无创性手段之一。冠状动脉病变与体表心电图表     

冠状动脉造影阳性患者静息心电图特征

目的探讨冠心病患者静息心电图特征。方法对临床拟诊断为冠心病、接受选择性冠状动脉造影检查的507例患者静息心电图进行回顾性分析。比较冠状动脉造影阳性组和阴性组心电学特征的差异。结果冠状动脉造影阳性组ST段改变和(或)T波异常、心肌梗死及心律失常的发生率明显增高,正常范围心电图所占比例较小,与冠状动脉造影阴性组相比,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论冠状动脉造影阳性患者静息心电图主要表现为心律失常、T波倒置及正常范围,其次为ST段呈水平型或下斜型压低和心肌梗死。     

The cardiointegram: Detection of coronary artery disease in males with chest pain and a normal resting electrocardiogram

The cardiointegram is a non-invasive technique for the analysis of the electrical signals of the heart obtained by a transformation of the voltage vs. time format by a series of integrations. This multicenter study compares the results of the cardiointegram with coronary arteriography in 140 male patients with chest pain and a normal resting electrocardiogram. The cardiointegram was determined on two resting complexes of Leads I, II, V4, V5 and V6 and called abnormal if greater than or equal to four of ten complexes were abnormal, i.e., fell outside of a previously determined template of normality. The sensitivity was 73% and specificity was 78% for the diagnosis of occlusive coronary artery disease. When greater than or equal to five of ten abnormal complexes were used as the cut-off for an abnormal test and "equivocal" results (four of ten abnormal, n = 18) were excluded from analysis there was a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 88%. Thirty-seven of 38 patients (97%) with an abnormal cardiointegram and a positive exercise stress test had coronary artery disease. Thus, the cardiointegram appears to be a useful non-invasive test for the detection of coronary artery disease in males with chest pain and a normal resting electrocardiogram in whom the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is being considered.     

临床诊断急性冠状动脉综合征与冠状动脉造影的分析

目的　研究尽早做冠状动脉造影 (CAG)检查对临床初诊急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者正确诊断、病情判断的重要性。方法　对临床初诊ACS患者的CAG和心电图结果进行回顾性分析。结果　通过CAG检查检出非冠状动脉狭窄引起的胸痛占 2 1 0 3% ,心电图检出ACS患者冠状动脉病变阳性率为 78 5 % ,心电图前壁系统改变以左前降支及三支血管病变为主 ;下壁系统改变以右冠脉或右冠脉加回旋支及三支血管病变为主 ;前壁加下壁系统改变以左前降支加右冠脉或三支血管病变为主。初发劳累性心绞痛以单支、轻中度血管病变为主 ;恶化劳累性、自发性、混合性心绞痛以多支、中重度血管病变为主 ;急性Q波心肌梗死以单支、重度血管病变为主 ;非Q波心肌梗死以多支、重度血管病变为主。对这些患者早期介入治疗可减少心肌梗死及死亡发生 ,降低心绞痛复发危险 ,提高生活质量。结论　临床初诊ACS患者行CAG检查 ,为ACS患者正确诊断 ,病变血管部位、程度判定提供客观依据 ,为早期冠脉血运重建奠定基础。     

多巴酚丁胺负荷心电图试验对冠心病的临床诊断价值

对60例可疑冠心病者进行多巴酚丁胺负荷心电图试验，以冠状动脉造影为标准评价该试验对冠心病的诊断价值。判定标准以J点后0．08秒ST段偏移0．1mV以上为阳性，诊断冠心病的敏感性，特异性、准确度分别为75．7％，78．7％和76．6％。对冠脉单支、双支和三支病变诊断的敏感性分别为52．6％、100％和100％。试验中未发现明显的不良反应，显示本试验是一种安全可行、准确性较好的诊断冠心病的无创检查方法，并可在基层医院推广应用。     

冠状动脉钙化螺旋CT检查与冠脉造影的对比研究

目的：探讨螺旋CT对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：对38例疑诊冠心病的患进行螺旋CT和冠脉造影检查，并对两种检查的结果进行对比分析。结果：以冠脉造影结果为依据，螺旋CT检查冠脉钙化诊断冠心病的敏感性为86％，特异性为69％，准确性为78％。结论：螺旋CT检查冠脉钙化诊断冠心病的敏感性，准确性较好，简便、易行，无创伤，有临床推广的价值。     

Should Patients Be Submitted to Coronary Arteriography After Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

Objectives: The present study was designed to determine if patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy should be submitted to coronary arteriography. Background: Whether echocardiography allows distinction of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy from severe coronary heart disease remains controversial. Methods: A questionnaire was sent out to the members of the Swiss Society of Cardiology. In the first study 78 patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who had undergone coronary arteriography or had been followed-up for > 5 years were investigated. In a second study, the echocardiograms of 50 patients with either idiopathic cardiomyopathy or severe coronary heart disease, all of whom had also undergone coronary arteriography, were reviewed by two independent echocardiographers without access to any complementary information. Result: The questionnaire revealed that one half of the Swiss cardiologists generally refer such patients for coronary arteriography. The first study showed that the diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was confirmed in all cases, in which the echocardiographer had been certain of the diagnosis (64/78 [82%]). In the uncertain cases (14 [18%]) coronary arteriography revealed 9 idiopathic cardiomyopathies, 3 coronary heart diseases, and 2 mixed etiologies. The second study showed that a correct diagnosis was achieved in 85% of cases. Furthermore, the echocardiographers were able to specify those patients with an uncertain diagnosis who would therefore require coronary arteriography. Conclusions: In the overwhelming majority of cases, echocardiography can distinguish idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy from severe coronary heart disease. Coronary arteriography is only indicated when the echocardiographer is uncertain of the diagnosis. The routine and costly practice of coronary arteriography of these patients does not appear to be justified .     

运动试验及动态心电图诊断冠心病的价值

目的通过与冠状动脉造影结果的对比,评估平板运动试验,24h动态心电图(12导联)对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对81例临床拟诊为冠心病患者同时行运动心电图和24h动态心电图,以冠状动脉造影为标准进行分析对比。结果①平板运动试验对冠心病诊断的敏感性72.1%,特异性80.0%,12导联动态心电图对冠心病诊断的敏感性63.9%,特异性75.0%。平板运动试验与12导联动态心电图对冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性略有差异,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);②平板运动试验和12导联动态心电图对冠脉不同支数病变阳性检出率的对比,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);③平板运动试验和12导联动态心电图对冠脉双支及多支病变的阳性检出率明显高于单支病变,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论平板运动试验和动态心电图是目前最简便实用和安全可靠的无创性诊断冠心病的方法,尤其对冠脉双支及多支病变的阳性检出率高,两者结合起来可提高冠心病诊断的准确性。     

动态心电图及脑钠尿肽诊断冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的价值

目的 评价动态心电图（DCG）及脑钠尿肽（BNP）诊断冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的价值。 方法 住院冠心病患者69例，所有患者均进行常规心电图（ECG）、DCG检查以及血浆BNP检测，并以冠状动脉造影的检查结果为标准，比较不同诊断方法对冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的诊断情况，并对冠心病并发无症状性心肌缺血和有症状心肌缺血患者的ST段位移情况进行比较。 结果 各诊断方法比较，DCG的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于BNP，且DCG的准确度高于ECG（P<0.05，P<0.01），均存在统计学差异；DCG联合BNP（平行试验）检测的诊断敏感度既高于DCG，也高于BNP，特异度低于DCG诊断，准确度高于ECG和BNP诊断（P<0.05，P<0.01）；经过DCG的检查后结果显示，冠心病并发无症状性心肌缺血患者的ST段位移情况均显著多于有症状性心肌缺血患者（P<0.05）。 结论 DCG对冠心病并发无症状性心肌缺血的诊断较BNP诊断更为灵敏，BNP也可以作筛选指标，并可辅助DCG进行诊断。      

Cardiac imaging in a patient with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery--a case report

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is an uncommon congenital heart disease and has a high mortality rate in infancy. However, myocardial ischemia does not develop until adolescence or adulthood in about 10% of patients. Moreover, the diagnosis of ALCAPA is often difficult in cases without heart murmur or cardiac symptoms. The authors report the case of a 31-year-old man with ALCAPA. He was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of mild shortness of breath at exercise, but he had no typical chest symptoms due to myocardial ischemia or heart failure until age 31 and he had no heart murmur. Moreover, electrocardiogram did not show an old myocardial infarction or myocardial ischemia. Therefore, the authors did not suspect ALCAPA until they performed transthoracic echocardiography and exercise-stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Tc-99m-tetrofosmin. The final diagnosis was established from the results of coronary arteriography. In the present case, a transthoracic echocardiogram showed abnormal coronary circulation, and exercise-stress SPECT revealed reversible myocardial ischemia. Transthoracic echocardiography and myocardial SPECT imaging could be a useful noninvasive tools for diagnosing the ALCAPA.     

U波异常有助诊断缺血性心脏病—冠脉造影与心电图对照

目的 探讨U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中的价值。方法 选择临床拟为冠心病的男性患者52例，排除电解质紊乱，应用常规心电图、运动负荷心电图及冠脉造影，分析ST段缺血性改变、U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中的敏感性和特异性。结果 52例临床拟诊冠心病患者，冠脉造影阳性者38例。冠脉造影阳性者中，常规心电图ST段呈缺血性改变者16例，U波异常者8例，其诊断缺血性心脏病的灵敏度分别为42．11％、21．11％(16/38、8/38)；运动试验阳性者26例，运动诱发U波异常者15例，其诊断缺血性心脏病的灵敏度分别为68．42％、39．47％(26/38、15／38)。冠脉造影阴性者(n＝14)中，常规心电图ST段无缺血性改变6例，U波正常13例，特异度分别为42．86％、92．86％(6／14、13／14)5运动负荷时，结果 阴性9例，U波正常14例，特异度分别为64．29％、100％(9／14、14／14)。运动负荷时尚见2例单独U波异常，其冠脉造影证实有病理性狭窄。结论 U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中敏感性虽不如ST段下移的高，但U波异常的特异性高，尤其是运动诱发的U波异常更具诊断价值；缺血性U波异常有助诊断冠心病。     

Strategy for the detection and management of coronary artery disease. "Physiology before anatomy"

A strategy for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease should be based on knowledge of the prevalence of the disease in population subgroups. Asymptomatic patients should not be routinely screened. Asymptomatic patients or patients with nonanginal chest pain should have both a positive exercise electrocardiogram and stress nuclear scan before a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is justified or arteriography is recommended. Patients with atypical angina should be evaluated with exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Coronary arteriography is rarely needed for diagnosis and is most properly used as a preoperative evaluation of a patient who has symptoms uncontrolled by medical management, or in whom a significant amount of myocardium is at risk as determined by physiologic testing with exercise electrocardiography or stress nuclear techniques.