复合手术治疗硬脊膜外动静脉瘘合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘1例 并文献复习

目的 总结硬脊膜外动静脉瘘（SEDAVF）合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的复合手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析复合手术治疗的1例SEDAVF合并SDAVF的临床资料,并结合文献分析。结果 首先经动脉途径进行ONYX胶栓塞,因胶弥散效果不佳,仅封堵供血动脉,瘘口及引流静脉仍可显影;然后,开放性手术烧灼硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉丛血管,但未剪开硬脊膜探查,术后7 d因并存SDAVF加重血流动力学改变并引起症状加重,再次行介入栓塞时处理SDAVF。术后6个月随访双下肢肌力恢复至4级,大小便功能正常。结论 SEDAVF处理的关键在于闭塞瘘口及近端引流静脉,对于合并的SDAVF,可选择介入治疗。单纯SEDAVF,可选择开放性手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迂曲的静脉湖;SEDAVF合并SDAVF,可先行介入栓塞瘘口,解除脊髓静脉高压综合征及硬脊膜外静脉湖压迫症状;如仍末治愈,可行开放手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉湖,解除对脊髓的压迫。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术治疗(附3例报告)

脊髓血管畸形包括髓内动静脉畸形（AVM）、髓周动静脉瘘和硬脊膜动静脉瘘（AVF）。髓内AVM是指由脊髓动脉供血，位于脊髓髓内的畸形血管团。髓周AVF是脊髓前后动脉与静脉在脊髓周围形成直接交通。而硬脊膜AVF是供应脊膜或神经根的细小动脉，在锥间孔附近与脊髓表面的引流静脉直     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术治疗

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及总结手术治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析13例经脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料，均行手术夹闭瘘口，其中经全椎板切除入路9例，经半椎板切除入路4例。结果瘘口位于上胸段2例，中胸段3例，下胸段6例，腰段2例。全部病例手术后行脊髓血管造影复查，均未见异常瘘口及迂曲引流静脉。随访2—36个月，13例中症状基本消失、痊愈5例，症状改善、好转7例，无变化1例。结论脊髓血管造影可以准确定位瘘口位置，是诊断硬脊膜动静瘘的金标准。手术夹闭瘘口方法简单，夹闭瘘口确切可靠，效果肯定，可作为硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘

硬脊膜动静脉瘘 (SDAVF)是近 2 0年来才逐渐被人们认识的一种椎管内血管畸形。从 1977年 Kendall和 L ogue首次报告了 10例 SDAVF以来 ,国内外已陆续报道了 2 6 0余例。由于介入神经放射学和显微神经外科学的发展 ,目前人们对该病的认识已有了很大的进步。现就近年来国内外 SDA     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘(附1例临床分析)

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析了1例患者的相关临床资料。结果本例患者以双下肢渐进性麻木、无力1年余,加重伴大小便障碍9个月为主要临床表现,脊髓MRI显示T9~L1髓内以长T2长T1为主之异常信号,超选择DSA造影可见位于入LT12椎管处一硬脊膜动静脉之瘘口,成功地进行了经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口术。结论SDAVF为一具有直接的动静脉交通性病变,常伴有小型畸形团,多发生于中年男性,误诊率高,主要表现为渐进性的肢体麻木、无力及大小便障碍,MRI有助于诊断,但仍须DSA确诊。阻断连接瘘口与冠状静脉丛的引流静脉是治疗SDAVF的有效方法,显微外科手术效果可靠、复发率低,尽早地确诊和治疗是取得良好疗效的根本前提。     

显微手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘16例

目的 总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年10月显微手术治疗的16例SDAVF的临床资料。结果 术后随访3~26个月,平均14个月。术后症状均有不同程度改善。结论 SDAVF首诊误诊率较高,早期诊断并早期治疗对神经功能损伤的恢复具有积极意义,显微手术治疗是有效的治疗方式。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘

1 硬脊膜动静脉瘘(DSAVF)的基础研究 1.1 病因学该病的病因在初期不十分明确[1],但 近年的研究结果越来越支持后天获得性因素起决定性作用的观点[2-4,9,16].其主要支持点有[3]:①硬脊膜血管的具体组织学研究显示在正常的硬膜存在潜在的动静脉交通;②有人已经报道先出现了颅内静脉窦的闭塞,然后出现了硬膜动静脉交通的病例;③神经外科手术后的病例有些出现了硬膜动静脉的交通,而这一病变在术前的血管造影时没有出现[17];④有文献报告[16]静脉窦的闭塞或狭窄先于外伤后瘘口的发展;⑤多数病人在40岁以后才出现症状,而且瘘口处血流慢,供血血管扩大不明显,与先天性病变的瘘口表现相反;⑥病灶基于硬脊膜,但静脉引流却仅限于冠状静脉系统;⑦由于脊神经根处的硬膜临近椎间盘、椎骨或韧带,所以该处硬膜极易受创伤的损害[2,4].     

脊髓动静脉畸形、硬脊膜动静脉瘘、硬脊膜外动静脉瘘与脊髓周围动静脉瘘的鉴别

正脊髓血管病比较少见,但是脊髓动静脉畸形(spinal cord arteriovenous marformation,SAVM)、硬脊膜动静脉瘘(spinal dural arteriovenous fistula,SDAVF)、硬脊膜外动静脉瘘(spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula,SEDAVF)、脊髓周围动静脉瘘(spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula,SPAVF)四种类型,诊断容易混淆,也容易误诊。这四种脊髓血     

复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘31例分析

目的 探讨复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年7月复合手术治疗的31例SDAVF的临床资料。术中DSA技术定位瘘口,据造影结果调整动脉夹,并验证瘘口闭塞的安全性和准确性。术后平均随访（28.9±2.7）个月,采用Aminoff-Logue评分（ALS）评价脊髓功能。结果 31例瘘口位置均准确定位,无扩大切口以暴露病灶,术后造影显示瘘口均消失。末次随访ALS[（3.3±0.5）分]较术前[（4.4±0.5）分]明显降低（P<0.05）;好转14例,无变化4例,加重2例,好转率为66.7%。随访期间无复发病例。结论 复合手术SDAVF安全、有效,与血管内栓塞相比,解决了其早期失败率及晚期复发率高的问题;与显微手术相比,实现了术中精准定位及实时效果评价。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的血管内治疗

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的诊治方法。方法 采用微导管超选择性插管行血管内栓塞治疗SDAVF患36例。结果 36例瘘口消失，随访1-11年，治愈14例，改善19例，无变化3例。结论 采用微导管超选择性插管行血管内栓塞治疗SDAVF是行之有效的方法，栓塞材料首选真丝线段。     

13例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床特征与误诊分析

目的分析硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的临床、影像学特点、误诊原因,提高临床医生对SDAVF的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析13例脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床特点、影像学资料。结果 13例患者中12例男性,平均年龄52.3岁。所有患者症状体征均集中在双下肢、二便和性功能。表现为下肢运动障碍、浅感觉障碍、深感觉异常及大小便功能障碍、性功能障碍。3例患者在腰椎穿刺后症状体征曾有加重。以胸腰段脊髓受累为主,可见到脊髓轻度增粗和髓内异常信号灶,脊髓前后有迂曲状、"虫蚀样"的血管流空影;全部患者均经脊髓血管造影明确诊断。11例接受了介入栓塞或手术治疗,10例在治疗后即刻改善,1例复发。4例在糖皮质激素治疗后症状恶化。结论 SDAVF以中老年男性多见,主要表现为进行性加重的运动和感觉功能减退、大小便功能障碍。脑脊液检查无特异性。本病早期临床表现无特异性,容易误诊。脊髓MRI可对其进行初步诊断,是避免误诊的关键,选择性脊髓血管造影是诊断本病的金标准。及早规范的血管栓塞或手术治疗可能取得较好疗效。     

寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗(2例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊断与治疗。方法采用多模式影像学方法诊断,枕下后正中入路手术治疗寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者2例,并结合文献进行分析。结果本组2例寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者均表现为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血,均经DSA确诊,并经枕下后正中入路成功阻断瘘口后引流静脉。结论寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘发病率低,缺乏特征性临床表现,诊断困难;多模态影像、尤其是DSA是确诊的主要方法;开颅手术切断瘘口后引流静脉是相对安全、有较高病灶闭塞率的治疗方法。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘误诊分析

目的 探讨如何避免误诊硬脊膜动静脉瘘。方法 回顾分析3例误诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床表现，误诊原因及治疗结果。结果 1例误诊为腰椎间盘突出，2例误诊为前列腺肥大，不仅延误了诊断，还因误治加重了神经功能损害或导致正常器官损害。结论 仔细询问病史和查体，适时行脊髓MRI检查是避免误诊的关键。     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的显微手术治疗

目的探讨显微手术治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的优势和不同Cognard分型DAVF的手术方法。方法回顾性分析13例DAVF病人的临床资料。Cognard分型:Ⅱa型1例,Ⅱa+Ⅱb型5例,Ⅳ型6例,Ⅴ型1例。1例海绵窦DAVF行丝线填塞术,余病例均行动脉端或静脉端DAVF瘘口切断。2例加行乙状窦结扎及颅内外静脉搭桥术。结果术后死亡1例,恢复良好12例。GOS评分:5分11例,4分1例,1分1例。随访12例,时间7个月~7年。11例复查DSA或MRA,DAVF残留2例,消失9例。结论术前明确DAVF瘘口的部位,采用合理的开颅方法和合适的手术入路,针对不同类型的DAVF采用不同的显微治疗方法,可以达到治愈DAVF的目的。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘五例误诊分析

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床特点及误诊原因。方法分析5例确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床、MRI及DSA表现。结果 5例中仅1例急性起病,表现为一侧肢体无力,误诊为急性脑梗死;余4例均慢性病程,表现为双下肢无力和麻木,部分伴有尿频和便秘。其中2例误诊为腰椎间盘突出,2例误诊为多发性硬化,1例误诊为脊髓炎,并予激素治疗后症状无明显好转,仍进行性加重。结论本病早期临床表现无特异性,容易误诊,脊髓MRI为首选,及时行此检查是避免误诊的关键;选择性的脊髓血管造影是诊断本病的金标准。     

Double spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are usually solitary lesions. Synchronous and/or metachronous double SDAVF have rarely been reported in the literature. We report on three patients with double SDAVF and present our single center experience in the diagnostic and treatment management in these patients.

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断与显微手术治疗分析

目的分析和总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断及显微手术切除治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月在平煤神马医疗集团总医院确诊并行显微手术切除治疗的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者8例,并从临床症状、影像学资料及显微手术切除治疗效果总结了临床诊断及治疗的经验。 结果所有病例均经半椎板入路行动静脉瘘显微手术切除术,术后复查脊髓血管造影,均未发现异常的瘘口及迂曲扩张的引流静脉显影。随访24个月,其中痊愈5例,好转2例,有效率87.5%。 结论MRI是筛选硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创手段,脊髓血管造影是确定诊断的金标准。显微手术方法简单,疗效确切,可作为治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选方法。     

Clinical presentation,imaging findings,and prognosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a relatively common acquired vascular malformation of the spinal cord. Assessment of a SDAVF is often difficult because of non-specific findings on non-invasive imaging modalities. Diagnosis of a SDAVF is often delayed, and some patients receive unnecessary treatment and treatment delays, often resulting in a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, typical imaging findings, and long-term outcome of SDAVF. Forty patients (13 women, 27 men; mean age 58.18 ± standard deviation 14.75 years) who were treated at our hospital from June 1992 to March 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We investigated the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and outcome of the patients. The most common clinical presentation was a sensory symptom (80%), followed by motor weakness (70%), and sphincter dysfunction (62.5%). Roughly one-third (32.5%) of patients had a stepwise progression of fluctuating weakness and sensory symptoms, but the most common presentation was chronic progressive myelopathic symptoms (47.5%). Thirty-four patients (85%) had T2 signal change on the spinal cord MRI, indicative of cord edema. Thirty-eight patients had typical perimedullary vessel flow voids on T2-weighted MRI. Twenty-eight patients were treated with endovascular embolization, five patients underwent surgery, and four patients underwent both. Clinical outcome was determined by severity of initial deficit (p = 0.008), extent of cord edema (p = 0.010), treatment failure (p = 0.004), and a residual fistula (p = 0.017). SDAVF causes a treatable myelopathy, so early diagnosis and intervention is essential.     

Parkinsonism as an initial manifestation of dural arteriovenous fistula

Parkinsonism associated with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has been described rarely; however, isolated parkinsonism as the presenting symptom of DAVF has not been reported. Here, we describe a patient with DAVF showing reversible isolated parkinsonism after embolization, which was well correlated with perfusion status of basal ganglia, suggesting that a perfusion defect was responsible for the pathogenesis of the parkinsonism in our DAVF patient.     

Long-term follow-up and outcome in patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Clinical outcome was examined in 21 patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula after 5–50 months. We compared the neurological condition (motor function, pain, sensory disturbance, vegetative dysfunction) and Barthel index before and after fistula occlusion. Neurological impairment was assessed as improved, unchanged, or deteriorated. All patients initially showed paraparesis of varying degree, and a sensory loss with a defined level in 81% before treatment. The greatest postoperative change that we measured was in motor activity (67% improved), and the most important deterioration was in male potency (28% deteriorated). We observed unchanged or absent symptoms in pain in 71% of our patients. We were thus able not only to stop but even to reverse the progression of symptoms and the degree of disability. On average, neurological symptoms stabilized within 1 year. The results of this study confirm that spinal dural arteriovenous fistula should be treated as early as possible after diagnosis. Received: 9 October 1997 Received in revised form: 17 July 1998 Accepted: 24 July 1998