Knowledge of aging and attitudes toward older people. A survey of Australian podiatric medical students

Podiatric medical students in Australia were surveyed to evaluate their reasons for entering podiatric medicine, knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people, perceptions of treatment efficacy, and desire to specialize in geriatrics. Few students plan to specialize in geriatrics upon graduation (4%), with most preferring general practice (25%) or sports medicine (21%). However, knowledge of aging was good, and students had favorable attitudes toward older people and considered treatment of older people to be effective. Few age- or gender-related effects were observed. It is concluded that students' lack of desire to specialize in geriatrics may be due not to unfavorable perceptions of older people but rather to the low profile and limited development of geriatrics as a specialty area within the podiatric medical profession.     

The influence of geriatrics education on knowledge,attitudes, and career aspirations of podiatric medical students

A survey of podiatric medical students in Australia was undertaken prior to and following the completion of a compulsory geriatrics course to evaluate the effect of geriatrics education on knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older people, perceptions of treatment efficacy, and desire to specialize in geriatrics. Students had a reasonable knowledge of aging and favorable attitudes toward older people prior to undertaking the course, but few wanted to specialize in geriatrics. General knowledge of aging and attitudes toward older people improved after completion of the course, but career aspirations remained unchanged. Students generally considered geriatrics to be a low-profile specialty, and less than half stated that they would be interested in pursuing continuing education in geriatrics. These results provide further evidence that students' lack of desire to specialize in geriatrics may be primarily due to limited recognition within the profession, rather than unfavorable attitudes toward older people or lack of interest in geriatrics during their undergraduate education.     

农村订单定向医学生基层就业意愿现状及影响因素分析

目的调查农村订单定向医学生（定向医学生）基层工作的意愿,分析其选择全科医生作为职业的影响因素,为定向医学生的培养提供建议。方法采用整群分层抽样现况调查的方法,通过问卷对某医学院校定向医学生进行一般人口学特征、基层服务意愿和教育服务质量满意度调查,分析基层工作意愿,采用多因素logistic回归分析其基层工作意愿的影响因素。结果定向医学生愿意到基层工作比例为42.45%（118/278）。基层就业意向定向医学生的学校教育服务质量满意度量表得分为（3.81±0.57）分,非基层就业意向医学生得分为（3.26±0.59）分,二者差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。单因素分析显示,不同年级、父亲文化水平和对国家政策认同情况、对医学兴趣认知情况、为家乡做贡献意愿、学前合同束缚感的定向医学生基层就业意向差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。多因素分析结果显示,对国家政策是否了解、对医学兴趣、为家乡做贡献、受学前合同束缚均为定向医学生基层就业意向的独立影响因素（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。结论定向医学生到基层工作意愿较低,有关部门要完善定向政策和长期激励机制,加强定向医学生职业道德和思想教育,增加其对专业的热情。     

医学生职业决策困难的现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解医学院校大学生职业决策困难的水平及特点,为更好地开展医学生职业生涯规划辅导提供理论依据。方法:在开放式调查的基础上采用修订的大学生职业决策困难问卷和自编的影响因素调查表对安徽省3所本科医学院校的846名大学生进行调查。结果:医学生的职业决策困难处于轻度困难水平,主要体现在情绪不适、信息获取渠道不足和社会环境信息不足。医学生的职业决策困难评分在不同性别、是否独生、不同年级和在校表现间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05～P<0.01)。职业教育、专业满意度、专业兴趣匹配和择业把握度均对职业决策有影响(P<0.05～P<0.01)。结论:医学生的职业决策困难处于轻度困难水平,且受性别、年级、是否独生、在校表现、专业满意度、专业兴趣、择业把握度的影响。     

Factors related to medical students' research activities.

The study reported here was designed to assess different aspects related to the research activities undertaken by students in medical school. An extensive questionnaire was administered to 580 graduating seniors which covered degree of participation in research, length of time, circumstances, importance of pay, and level of resulting benefit. Other information included career choice and primary interest. A profile of the research-oriented student emerged from the findings.     

Primary care career choices and medical student learning styles.

The study reported here focused on the influence of medical students' learning styles (that is, how they prefer to receive and use information in learning and problem-solving situations) on (a) their choice of a medical career type and (b) their sources of information and influence in making that choice. The results suggest that those students with learning styles that are associated with primary care careers are also those who are dissatisfied with a traditional basic science curriculum and are influenced more than the average student by concrete work experiences, as well as identification with role models, in making a career decision. Among the implications of these results for medical school admissions, curricula, and faculty is the possibility that more students might consider primary care careers if more primary care experiences and role models were available in medical school.     

医学生生涯规划课程教学效果评价研究

目的 通过问卷调查和访谈评价医学生生涯规划课程教学效果。方法 选择2017、2018届参与生涯规划课堂的临床医学专业医学生54人为研究对象。授课前后,通过问卷调查和访谈方法测试其生涯成熟度指标,以评价课程效果。调查结果使用SPSS 15.0进行t检验。结果 授课后医学生在自我认知、职业认知、信息应用、个人调适、职业态度5个方面的生涯成熟度评分均高于授课前。且在信息应用维度,授课前后医学生生涯成熟度测评成绩分别为(3.71±0.99)分、(4.01±0.93)分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);其他维度比较差异无统计学意义。在自我认知、职业认知、个人调试、职业态度4个维度,男生得分高于女生;在信息应用维度,女生得分高于男生。男生与女生比较,职业态度维度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 医学生生涯规划课程对医学生职业发展具有帮助和启示,但部分授课内容仍需优化和改进。     

Relationship of scholarships and indebtedness to medical students' career plans

Discriminant functions analyses of data from the 1983 survey of senior medical students by the Association of American Medical Colleges showed that the effects of scholarships must be taken into account when assessing the influence of indebtedness on medical students' career choices. Receipt of a federal scholarship, type of medical school attended (public or private), marital status, sex, and receipt of a nonfederal scholarship were found to be more powerful than indebtedness as predictors of whether the students preferred primary care or nonprimary care specialties. Receipt of a federal scholarship, type of school attended, and sex were found to be more powerful than indebtedness as predictors of whether the students preferred private clinical practice, salaried clinical practice in a hospital or clinic, salaried clinical practice in a public agency, or a nonclinical career. Indebtedness was found not to be a predictor of willingness to locate in a socioeconomically deprived area.     

Motivation for and concerns about entering a medical programme

The motivation for and concerns about studying medicine and future career plans of students at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies (UWI), were studied using a cross-sectional survey that included Year 1 medical students at both the Mona (Jamaica) and St Augustine (Trinidad and Tobago) medical schools of the UWI. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing structured questions on demographics and family background, motivation for and concerns about studying medicine and future career preferences. A total of 193 students took part in the study, 103 from Mona and 90 from St Augustine (88% response rate). Seventy per cent of the students were between 18 to 22 years of age with 59% being females. The highest rated motives for studying medicine were the 'opportunity for working with people' and an 'interest in human biology'. Female students scored significantly higher for the motive of an 'opportunity for working with people', while males rated the 'social prestige/status' significantly higher. The greatest concerns of the students were 'fear of failure' and 'contracting diseases'. The female students had a greater concern for dealing with the long hours involved in medical training than their male counterparts. Surgical specialties (43%), family medicine (38%) and paediatrics (34%) were the top choices of the students for future specialty and more women than men chose obstetrics. Although the motives that students have reported are varied, there was a reasonable spread of desirable motives. This study provides a baseline for observing possible changes as students advance through medical training. A programme of study that strives to maintain these well-placed motives while providing opportunities for dealing with the concerns of the students will assist in creating caring, empathetic physicians for the Caribbean.     

医学研究生学业满意度及其影响因素分析

目的：了解桌高校医学研究生满意度及其影响因素。方法：自行编制研究生满意度调查问卷,对某高校医学院2008届研究生进行整群抽样调查。结果：研究生总体满意度较高,对学校忠诚度较高;就读单位类别、培养类型不同,总体满意度有显著性差异;校风、培养方案、专业兴趣等是影响总体满意度的主要因素。     

Career and parenting satisfaction among medical students, residents and physician teachers at a Canadian medical school

BACKGROUND: Studies of career and parenting satisfaction have focused separately on medical students, residents and practising physicians. The objective of this study was to compare satisfaction across a spectrum of stages of medical career. METHODS: A survey of incoming medical students, current medical students, residents and physician teachers at the University of Saskatchewan was conducted in the spring of 1997. Response rates were 77% (43/56), 81% (177/218), 65% (134/206) and 39% (215/554) respectively. Factors assessed in the stepwise regression analysis were the effect of sex, parenting and level of training on the likelihood of recommending parenting to medical students or residents, and on parenting dissatisfaction, job dissatisfaction, career dissatisfaction and the importance of flexibility within the college program to accommodate family obligations. RESULTS: More male than female physician teachers had partners (92% v. 81%, p < 0.01) and were parents (94% v. 72%, p < 0.01). Female physician teachers spent equal hours per week at work compared with their male counterparts (mean 52 and 58 hours respectively) and more than double the weekly time on family and household work (36 v. 14 hours, p < 0.01). Physician teachers were the most likely respondents to recommend parenting to residents and their peers. Residents were the most dissatisfied with their parenting time. At all career stages women were less likely than men to recommend parenting, were more dissatisfied with the amount of time spent as parents and were more likely to regard flexibility within the college program as beneficial. There were no sex-related differences in job dissatisfaction and career dissatisfaction. However, married women were more dissatisfied with their jobs than were married men. Job dissatisfaction was greatest among medical students, and career dissatisfaction was greatest among residents. INTERPRETATION: The optimal timing of parenthood appears to be upon completion of medical training. Women were less likely to recommend parenting, less satisfied with the time available for parenting and more likely to value flexibility within the college program to accommodate family needs. These differences did not translate into women experiencing more job or career dissatisfaction.     

Undergraduate medical education

There were 28,123 applicants to US medical schools for the 1987-1988 academic year, a 10% decrease from the 1986-1987 year. Of this number, 17,027 applicants were accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment equaled 16,686 students, of whom 639 students were repeating the first year. Thus, the number of first-time enrolled students was 16,047. This represents a decrease of 159 new-entry students from the previous year. Over 46% of the students entering medical school in the 1987-1988 academic year had a premedical GPA of 3.50 or higher (on a four-point scale). Eighty-seven percent of US medical schools academically qualified candidates on the basis of noncognitive criteria. In the past five years the number of first-year white male students has decreased by 13.2%, while the number of black male students has decreased by 1% [corrected]. In the same period, the number of white female students increased by less than one tenth of 1%, while the number of black female students has increased by 31.7%. The number of Asians or Pacific Islanders entering US medical schools has more than doubled: the percentage of male students increased by 106.5% and that of female students by 128.4%. The total number of students enrolled in 127 US medical schools in the 1987-1988 year was 65,742; of this number, 22,539 (34.3%) were women. The estimated number of graduates in the 1987-1988 year was 15,947. The total enrollment of students from underrepresented ethnic/racial groups was 6955 (10.6%), of which 4086 (6.2%) were blacks of non-Hispanic origin. The number of new-entry first-year students from underrepresented groups was 1776 (11.1%), of which 1063 (6.6%) were blacks. The number of full-time medical school faculty members was 66,798; another 130,437 were part-time and volunteer faculty members. The average time needed to complete the curriculum requirements leading to the MD degree is 152 weeks. Twenty-two medical schools offered a combined college-medical school program. The length of these combined programs averaged 256 weeks. The number of schools offering a Fifth Pathway program has decreased, and the number of applicants for these programs has also declined. The net attrition rate, which excludes students who withdrew temporarily to pursue advanced study or research, has remained at about 2%. Students dismissed because of poor academic standing represent 16% of the total student attrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

医学生压力自我感知状态及影响因素分析

目的 研究医学生压力状态及其影响因素,为缓解医学生压力、促进医学生身心健康和医学院校管理工作提供数据支持。 方法 采用自拟问卷调研上海交通大学医学院院本部及附属教学医学院研究生及本科生共计498名,问卷包括人口学基本信息、压力感受、影响压力的主观因素(包括个人能力和个人习惯)和客观因素。采用焦点组访谈法访谈10名研究生和20名本科生。 结果 人口学基本信息与压力感知差异无统计学意义;压力感知与主观因素中的个人能力、部分个人习惯(就寝时间、睡眠时长)和所有客观因素差异均有统计学意义。采用向后剔除法将压力感受相关因素与压力做线性回归分析,得β系数绝对值最高为学习适应能力(∣β∣=0.383),其次为时间管理能力(∣β∣=0.137)、课程设立(∣β∣=0.107)、课时安排(∣β∣=0.100)和睡眠时长(∣β∣=0.097)。在访谈中,医学生表示压力一方面主要来源为学习和科研,另一方面则突出在人际关系处理上。不少高年级医学生建议应当加强人文素养的培养。 结论 校方应从心理健康教育、提升人文素养、帮助医学生职业规划、塑造良好环境、合理课程设置和创新教学方法等方面提供有效帮助;医学生的家长应共同参与学校的管理工作,助力学生的心理健康教育,共筑合力育人氛围;个人方面,应主动培养良好习惯和提升个人能力并管理好自身的健康水平;三方入手、家校联合共同促进医学生身心健康,提高医学生培养质量。      

Undergraduate medical education

There were 32,893 applicants for the 1985-1986 academic year in US medical schools. Of this number, 17,228 were accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment equaled 16,929. Because some students were repeating the first year, the number of first-time enrolled students was 16,337. This represents a decrease of 122 students from the previous year. The number of students enrolled in 127 US medical schools in 1985-1986 was 66,604; of this number, 21,624 (32.5%) were women. The estimated number of graduates in 1985-1986 was 16 191. The total enrollment of students of minority groups was 10,964 (16.5%), of which 3556 (5.3%) were black (not of Hispanic origin). The number of full-time medical school faculty was 61,372; another 124,466 were part-time or volunteer faculty. Medical school faculties also have teaching responsibility for a variety of other students, in addition to patient care and research responsibility. The average time needed to complete the curriculum requirements leading to the MD degree is 156 weeks. Twenty-four medical schools offered a combined college-medical school program. The length of these combined programs averaged 265 weeks. Ninety-three percent of students entering medical school in 1985-1986 had completed at least four years of college. More than two fifths of students had a premedical GPA of 3.6 or higher.     

长学制医学生专业英语学习态度及现状的调研分析

目的：分析影响长学制医学生专业英语学习的相关因素,为实施“以学生为中心”的专业英语教学提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,包括学生基本信息、对专业英语学习态度和现状等内容,对同济大学2006至2008级临床医学七年制和八年制专业的134名学生进行调查。采用SPSS 19.0进行统计处理,结果采用百分比进行描述。结果回收有效问卷132份,有效回收率为98.51%。56.82%（75/132）的学生对专业英语学习感兴趣,71.97%（95/132）的学生有对外交流学习的意愿。学生学习专业英语的目的和需求围绕“阅读专业文献”的占68.94%（91/132）、围绕“撰写SCI论文”的占59.09%（78/132）和认为学习专业英语“利于国际交流”的占58.33%（77/132）。影响专业英语学习主要因素依次为授课方式枯燥（45.45%,60/132）,专业英语较难（41.67%,55/132）和课时偏少（40.91%,54/132）。结论长学制医学生对专业英语学习有需求且目标明确,但大多数医学生在专业英语应用方面仍存在一定困难,应从学生、教师和课程设置三方面着手,提高长学制医学生的专业英语水平。     

Career preferences of male and female medical students in Malaysia

A survey of career choices were conducted for three batches of final year medical students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 241 students responded, giving a response rate of 76%, with 107 males (44.4%) and 134 females (55.6%). Surgery ranked highest among the male students while obstetrics and gynaecology ranked highest among female students. Internal medicine was the second choice for both males and females. Among the other specialties, the male students shows preferred Hospital Administration and Radiology while female students preferred Community Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology. Both male and female students chose to be a clinical consultant in a general hospital as the first choice. They prefer to work in or near their hometowns.     

医学生职业成熟度研究

目的探讨医学生职业成熟度的发展特点。方法采用《大学生职业调查问卷》对某医科大学534名医学生进行问卷调查。结果学生职业成熟度总体得分的均值为3.675,其他各因子分均在3分以上;职业成熟度在性别、是否任学生干部、有无兼职、是否参与社团上差异显著。结论医学生的职业成熟度的发展水平较高,且受到性别、是否任学生干部、有无兼职、是否参与社团等因素的影响。     

Will Australian rural clinical schools be an effective workforce strategy? Early indications of their positive effect on intern choice and rural career interest

OBJECTIVE: To use short-term indicators (hospital internship choice, and interest in a future rural career) to assess how the University of Queensland rural clinical school is meeting its program objectives. DESIGN: Cross-sectional quantitative data collected through self-report questionnaires. SETTING: University of Queensland rural clinical school (UQRCS). PARTICIPANTS: Year 4 students who attended the UQRCS for their entire clinical year in 2006. RESULTS: Most students were from an urban background. Over the year, interest in a future rural medical career increased measurably across the cohort. The most important factors in choosing to study at the UQRCS were the quality of teaching, level of student contact with clinical teachers, increased patient access, and accommodation facilities. Comparison of graduates' choice of internship location for 2006 compared with 2005 showed a trend away from urban or metropolitan toward regional or rural hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the primary attraction of UQRCS is the quality of education, and rural undergraduate training is a popular choice for urban students. Although the long-term effect on rural medical workforce remains to be determined, the trend at UQRCS of new graduates choosing non-urban internships is encouraging.     

Undergraduate medical education

There were 31,323 applicants to US medical schools for the 1986-1987 academic year. Of this number, 17,092 were accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment equaled 16,779. Because some students were repeating the first year, the number of first-time enrolled students was 16,206. This represents a decrease of 131 from the previous year. The number of students enrolled in 127 US medical schools in 1986-1987 was 66,142; of this number 22,082 (33.4%) were women. The estimated number of graduates in 1986-1987 was 15,872. The total enrollment of students from underrepresented ethnic/racial groups was 6650 (10.1%), of which 3853 (5.8%) were blacks not of Hispanic origin. The number of new entry first-year students from underrepresented groups was 1679 (10.4%), of which 987 (6.1%) were blacks. The number of full-time medical school faculty was 63,991; another 130,379 were part-time and volunteer faculty. Medical school faculties also have teaching responsibility for a variety of other students, in addition to patient care and research responsibility. The average time needed to complete the curriculum requirements leading to the MD degree is 152 weeks. Twenty-two medical schools offered a combined college-medical school program. The length of these combined programs averaged 254 weeks. More than 93% of students entering medical school in 1986-1987 had completed at least four years of college. More than two fifths of students had a premedical grade point average of 3.50 or higher. The number of schools offering a Fifth Pathway Program has decreased and the number of applicants for these programs has also declined. The net attrition rate, which excludes students who withdraw temporarily to pursue advanced study or research, has remained at about 2%. Only half of 1% of students were dismissed because of poor academic standing.     

第二军医大学医学生参加第二课堂科研项目失败原因调查分析

目的 探寻医学生参加第二课堂科研项目的失败原因,提高第二课堂科研活动的效果。方法 回顾总结1990 年至2015 年期间课题组参与和指导的医学生参加第二课堂科研项目的完成概况,统计分析项目失败的主要原因。结果 共32 名医学生参加了35 个科研项目,完成23 个项目（65.71%）。12 个未完成项目的主要原因包括：指导教师的积极性不足4 项（33.33%）,医学生胜任项目的能力不足3 项（25.00%）,医学生兴趣不足2 项（16.67%）,团队协作精神不足2 项（16.67%）,医学生创新能力不足1 项（8.33%）。结论 提高指导教师的积极性、培养学生的团队协作精神、激发学生的科研兴趣和树立创新意识、遵循因材施教的指导策略有望提高第二课堂科研活动的效果