住院病人静脉药物治疗给药错误环节分析与对策

目的分析住院病人静脉药物治疗过程中发生给药错误的环节,为制订改进措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析某三级甲等医院过去5年护理非惩罚性主动上报静脉药物治疗给药错误环节、给药错误类型及发生给药错误原因。结果静脉药物治疗发生给药错误的环节由高到低依次为：护士给药操作、护士医嘱处理、护士配药、医生开具医嘱、药房配药发药、病人依从性差;发生给药错误涉及护士、医生、药师、病人;给药错误类型为：药物错误、遗漏给药、发错病人等,操作不规范和流程设计不合理是发生给药错误的主要原因。结论由护士失误引起的给药错误所占比例最高,特别是由护士个人完成的环节,给药错误发生率最高;整体理念是研究预防给药错误发生对策的关键,提高护理管理水平,减少给药错误的发生要从多方面考虑。     

我院护理给药差错管理办法的实施与效果

目的有效控制护理给药差错的漏报率，提高住院病人的安全。方法成立护理给药差错评定小组，强化护理人员的安全意识，扩充有效的给药差错报告渠道，细化奖惩细则及评价标准。结果实施护理给药差错管理办法后，给药差错漏报率有明显降低，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论合理的护理给药差错管理办法能激励当事人和科室管理者主动上报差错的发生情况，使护理给药差错管理纳人良性循环。     

128起给药错误分析

目的:描述给药错误的分类、给患者造成的后果、造成给药错误的原因。方法:对128起给药错误事件进行回顾性分析。结果:护士给药错误占所有给药错误的69.6%,护士转录错误占16.4%。给药错误的分类中,剂量错误占34.5%,其次为药物错误,占19.4%。96.1%的给药错误未对患者造成伤害。造成给药错误的原因中,医护人员个人因素占67.9%,其中违反操作规则,疏忽、粗心,转录错误为主要原因;组织系统因素占17.7%,其中工作频繁被打断、注意力分散、安排没有经验的员工为主要原因。结论:管理者应鼓励医护人员主动上报所有的给药错误,对给药错误的资料进行分析,对组织系统因素进行改善。     

National study on the frequency, types, causes, and consequences of voluntarily reported emergency department medication errors

Background: Medication errors contribute to significant morbidity, mortality, and costs to the health system. Little is known about the characteristics of Emergency Department (ED) medication errors. Study Objective: To examine the frequency, types, causes, and consequences of voluntarily reported ED medication errors in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional study of all ED errors reported to the MEDMARX system between 2000 and 2004. MEDMARX is an anonymous, confidential, de-identified, Internet-accessible medication error-reporting program designed to allow hospitals to report, track, and share error data in a standardized format. Results: There were 13,932 medication errors from 496 EDs analyzed. The error rate was 78 reports per 100,000 visits. Physicians were responsible for 24% of errors, nurses for 54%. Errors most commonly occurred in the administration phase (36%). The most common type of error was improper dose/quantity (18%). Leading causes were not following procedure/protocol (17%), and poor communication (11%), whereas contributing factors were distractions (7.5%), emergency situations (4.1%), and workload increase (3.4%). Computerized provider order entry caused 2.5% of errors. Harm resulted in 3% of errors. Actions taken as a result of the error included informing the staff member who committed the error (26%), enhancing communication (26%), and providing additional training (12%). Patients or family members were notified about medication errors 2.7% of the time. Conclusion: ED medication errors may be a result of the acute, crowded, and fast-paced nature of care. Further research is needed to identify interventions to reduce these risks and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions.     

Detecting medication errors: Analysis based on a hospital's incident reports

The aim of this paper is to analyse how medication incidents are detected in different phases of the medication process. The study design is a retrospective register study. The material was collected from one university hospital's web‐based incident reporting database in Finland. In 2010, 1617 incident reports were made, 671 of those were medication incidents and analysed in this study. Statistical methods were used to analyse the material. Results were reported using frequencies and percentages. Twenty‐one percent of all medication incidents were detected during documenting or reading the documents. One‐sixth of medication incidents were detected during medicating the patients, and approximately one‐tenth were detected during verifying of the medicines. It is important to learn how to break the chain of medication errors as early as possible. Findings showed that for nurses, the ability to concentrate on documenting and medicating the patient is essential.     

护士发生给药错误的特点及原因分析

目的分析护士给药错误发生的特点和原因,探讨如何预防给药错误的发生。方法回顾性分析某三级甲等医院2010年至2012年自愿非惩罚报告系统中上报的给药错误137例,分析护士给药错误的类别、特点及原因。结果给药错误主要发生在综合科室占31.39%,外科占24.82%;患者身份识别错误、药物遗漏、给药技术性错误是给药错误的主要类别;发生给药错误的药物种类,占前2位的分别是抗生素和心血管系统用药;在发生给药错误的原因中,操作过程中没有认真执行查对制度占48.91%。结论护理管理者应根据给药错误的特点制订相应的管理措施,加强护士药物知识的培训,严格执行查对制度,降低给药错误的发生。     

电子病历对护士工作影响的研究进展

护理工作是临床医疗工作的重要组成部分,电子病历在护理领域的应用范围及程度在很大程度上影响了整个医院电子病历的使用情况。文章从护理文书书写效率、医嘱执行率、护理质量3个方面介绍了电子病历对护士工作的影响,并对电子病历存在的不足进行了分析、探讨。     

Oral medication management in inpatient psychiatric care in Turkey

The aim of this study was to describe current status of oral medication management and related situations by nurses who work on psychiatric wards in Turkey. The study was performed in 34 psychiatric wards in Turkey, and 471 nurses agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire. In our study, it was determined that one quarter of the nurses do not collect data about past medication history of the patient before giving medications, and 59.7% of the nurses checked all the patients' mouths after each pill was given. The orders are checked by 80.5% of the nurses every day. The leading patient reaction nurses face during medication administration was refusal to take the medication. The nurses stated that they first informed the physician without making any intervention on patients who did not take their pills. The nurses primarily observed the patient to evaluate the effect of a medication (84.3%) and, with a similar percent (82.8%), the side effects of a medication. In conclusion, continuing education, certification and post-graduated courses is provided for nurses about their other roles and responsibilities as well as increasing the quality of oral medication administration which is a difficult area.