2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic took health care workers worldwide by surprise. Early in the course of the pandemic it was determined that children and pregnant women were at high risk of increased morbidity and mortality from the novel influenza virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state and local public health officials quickly rallied to develop treatment guidelines for the new strain of influenza A, including emergency approvals for off-label use of some antiviral drugs. Prevention of the spread of influenza via vaccination and environmental controls is critical to the health of children. The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus emerged too late to be included in the 2009/2010 seasonal influenza vaccine, so production of a monovalent vaccine was set in motion. Five months from when the first cases of novel H1N1 appeared in Mexico and the United States, a vaccine was being distributed to high-risk patients. Looking ahead to the 2010/2011 influenza season, it is difficult to predict 2009 H1N1 activity. The 2010/2011 seasonal influenza vaccine will include the 2009 H1N1 strain, so it is critical to get all children vaccinated early in the flu season.     

MRI in H1N1 Encephalitis

Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has been largely associated with respiratory complications. The exact frequency of neurological complications is not known, but are more common in children. There are very few reports of MRI findings in H1N1 encephalitis and none from India. The authors report MRI findings in an infant with H1N1 encephalitis. The diagnosis was made based on history, viral serological tests and imaging findings.     

Glycogenoses type 1b and 1c

In type 1 glycogen storage diseases, glucose-6-phosphatase may be present but associated with impaired transport of glucose-6-phosphate (type 1b) or inorganic phosphate (type 1c) through microsomal membranes. The type 1c is very rare (2 published cases). The more frequent type 1b presents all the clinical manifestations of type 1a and specific signs: recurrent stomatitis, frequent infections, chronic inflammatory bowel disease secondary to neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity is low when measured on fresh liver tissue, but is restored after detergent treatment. A good metabolic control does not influence neutropenia and its consequences.     

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1基因与新生儿黄疸

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UGT）是胆红素结合的关键酶,此酶的缺陷使胆红素不能与葡萄糖醛酸结合形成结合胆红素,使非结合胆红素在体内堆积,导致Crigler—Najjiar综合征（包括Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型）和Gilbert综合征。CN—Ⅰ型患儿由于高度缺乏UGT,生后1～2d即出现严重黄疸,血清间接胆红素可达256．5～595．0μnaol／L,苯巴比妥治疗无效,需换血与光疗结合,常见短期内出现胆红素脑病,多在新生儿期和婴儿期死亡,属常染色体隐性遗传。CN—Ⅱ型为UGT活性缺陷,但并非完全缺乏,可表现为新生儿期较轻的黄疸,但也可发生严重的高胆红素血症和核黄疸。血清间接胆红素浓度一般在85—340μmol／L,苯巴比妥治疗有效,属常染色体显性遗传。Gilbert综合征为一种轻度的慢性高间接胆红素血症,系由肝脏摄取胆红素缺陷和UGT活性降低所致,通常于青春期才症状明显,给苯巴比妥能降低总胆红素值,是一种常染色体显性遗传病。     

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in H1N1 infection

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon pediatric emergency which usually occurs secondary to bronchial asthma in children. We report a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 7 year child following Swine Flu (H1N1) infection.     

COL1A1基因启动子区突变(-106C>T)对其表达的影响

目的 探讨COL1A1基因启动子区突变(-106C>T)对其表达的影响.方法 PCR扩增正常人COL1A1基因转录起始点上游-1024～+36 bp的启动子序列,片段长度为1060 bp.经T/A克隆,连接酶切位点,再连接到PGL3一basic载体,得到野生型的PGL3-COL1A1表达载体.再采用定点突变的方法,把-106位碱基的C突变成T,再连接到PGL3-basic载体,构建突变型的PGL3-COL1AI表达载体.用上述两种表达载体及PGL3一basic分别瞬时转染NIH 3T3细胞.细胞培养48hA,测定各组细胞表达的荧光素酶的相对活性.以明确COL1A1启动子区-106位碱基C＞T突变对基因转录调控的影响.结果 经琼脂糖凝胶及基因测序鉴定,证实载体构建成功.荧光素酶活性测定结果显示,在转染野生型PGL3一COL1A1表达载体的细胞组,荧光素酶的相对活性为3.8665,为阴性对照组(PGL3-basic)的4.8倍;转染突变型PGL3-COL1A1表达载体的细胞组.荧光素酶的相对活性为1.3917,为阴性对照组的1.7倍.COL1A1基因动子-106位碱基C>T突变后,其转录活性较野生型降低了64%.结论 COL1A1基因启动子区-106C>T突变可以在转录水平抑制该基因的表达.     

FIZZ1及NOTCH1在哮喘中的作用

目的探讨气道重塑中低氧诱导的有丝分裂因子(FIZZ1)和NOTCH1的表达及罗格列酮的干预作用。方法健康6～8周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠45只,分为哮喘组、对照组及罗格列酮干预组。制备肺组织石蜡切片进行病理学检查,免疫组化测定各组气道重塑特异性指标a-肌动蛋白(a-SMA)在肺组织中的表达,用RT-PCR方法测定各组肺组织中FIZZ1-mRNA及NOTCH1-mRNA的表达。结果哮喘组出现气道重塑的特征性改变,罗格列酮干预组气道病理学改变较哮喘组减轻。哮喘组a-SMA、FIZZ1-mRNA及NOTCH1-mRNA表达较对照组增高,罗格列酮干预后表达均显著降低,但仍高于对照组。a-SMA蛋白的表达与FIZZ1-mRNA及NOTCH1-mRNA的表达均呈正相关(r分别为0.826和0.9,P<0.01),FIZZ1-mRNA及NOTCH1-mRNA的表达成正相关(r=0.76,P<0.01)。结论 FIZZ1及NOTCH1可促使a-SMA表达增强,是引起哮喘早期气道重塑的重要炎症因子。罗格列酮可缓解气道重塑的过程。     

GH1 gene deletions and IGHD type 1A

Human Growth Hormone gene ( GH1 ) resides on chromosome 17q22-24 and it is expressed in somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. While there are multiple causes of GH Deficiency (GHD) a significant proportion have a genetic basis. The most severe Mendelian form of IGHD, called IGHD IA, has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. While affected individuals can have short lengths at birth and hypoglycemia in infancy, all develop severe dwarfism by six months of age. Although short stature, delayed growth velocity, and delayed skeletal maturation all occur with IGHD, none are specific for IGHD 1A. GH1 gene deletions, frameshifts, or nonsense mutations cause complete absence of GH in IGHD 1A. Thus IGHD 1A is best described as being complete GHD caused by severe loss of function GH1 gene mutations rather than being limited to only those having GH1 gene deletions. Interestingly, GH1 gene deletions are recurring mutations that can arise through unequal recombination in meiosis rather than by allele sharing through common descent. Individuals with IGHD 1A develop severe dwarfism in early infancy and often develop anti-GH antibodies after receiving exogenous GH. These antibodies can prevent the growth response expected from exogenous GH therapy. Individuals who are heterozygous for a GH1 gene deletion but whose other GH1 allele is not deleted and produces a non truncated product are usually immune tolerant.     

LINE1-ORF1p过表达对肾母细胞瘤细胞WT_CLS1增殖的影响

目的 制备LINE1-ORF1p多克隆抗体，研究LINE1-ORF1p过表达对肾母细胞瘤细胞WT_CLS1增殖的影响。方法 利用基因工程方法原核表达LINE1-ORF1p，免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。间接ELISA法检测抗体效价，通过Western blot及免疫组化方法检测抗体对LINE1-ORF1p的特异性识别能力。构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-LINE1-ORF1，转染WT_CLS1细胞，通过Western blot和qRT-PCR检测LINE1-ORF1蛋白和基因的表达情况，采用细胞增殖实验和平板克隆形成实验检测LINE1-ORF1p对WT_CLS1细胞增殖及肿瘤细胞克隆形成的影响。结果 制备的LINE1-ORF1p抗体效价 > 1：16 000，能对细胞及肿瘤组织内LINE1-ORF1p特异识别。转染pEGFP-N1-LINE1-ORF1的WT_CLS1细胞，其LINE1-ORF1的mRNA及蛋白水平显著增高（P < 0.05），细胞增殖能力和克隆形成能力都显著增强（P < 0.05）。结论 LINE1-ORF1p可以促进肾母细胞瘤细胞的生长和肿瘤细胞克隆形成，可能参与肾母细胞瘤的发病机制。