知识经济对护理工作的影响及对策

21世纪，知识经济的兴起给社会各行各业带来了深刻变化。针对知识经济对护理工作的影响，笔从护理模式，护理工作职能，护理管理，护理教育4个方面进行了探讨，并提出相应对策；（1）树立新型护理质量观92）加快护理信息网络建设93）建立以人为本的护理管理模式（4）加强学习，做好知识储备与更新，同时强调了只有大力开展护理科技开发与创新，自觉遵循知识经济规律，才能推动护理工作不断发展壮大。     

The role of tacit knowledge in the work context of nursing

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Previous research on the role of tacit knowledge is ambiguous. Some studies show the superiority of expertise, while other studies found experts would not be better than laymen. This paper aims at clarifying the contribution of tacit knowledge to expertise in the domain of nursing. BACKGROUND: Two important concepts for dealing with critical situations are outlined - tacit knowledge and experience-guided working. The framework of tacit knowledge and experience-guided working can contribute to an explanation of the ambiguous results. Tacit knowledge is acquired implicitly in the course of working and is therefore not subject to reflection. For this reason it can contain erroneous or problematic contents. METHODS: A method for the explication of tacit knowledge was developed and a laboratory study with 16 experienced nurses conducted. In the laboratory study the nurses had to deal with a critical nursing situation that was developed in co-operation with nursing experts. The explicit knowledge of the nurses was tested before the laboratory study. RESULTS: No systematic differences in explicit knowledge could be observed, i.e. differences in performance could not be attributed to this knowledge mode. Results from multidimensional scaling procedures illustrate differences in the tacit knowledge of nurses who successfully accomplished the critical situation and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are in line with the assumption that experience-guided working is of the utmost importance for dealing with critical situations. Consequences of these results for nursing and person-related services in general are discussed and the aim of future research is outlined.     

Transcending marginalization in knowledge development

Quality care requires a body of knowledge that reflects the experiences and the responses of the marginalized populations to health and illness, and requires demarginalization of nursing knowledge. We argue the significance of developing an understanding of people who are marginalized, and organize our arguments and discussions into four sections: (i) developing knowledge that is not marginalizing; (ii) developing knowledge about marginalized populations; (iii) integrating nursing knowledge and making it visible; and (iv) the future of research enterprise. We propose that nurses critically consider strategies and processes to deal with and transcend marginalization of populations and of nursing knowledge.     

隐性护理知识在护理管理中的开发及运用

目的探讨隐性护理知识在护理管理中的开发及运用效果。方法将护理人员隐性护理知识进行分类,实施分层次使用,分层级培养,能级搭配。结果隐性护理知识开发及运用后护理人员理论考试成绩从78.2分提高到88.8分,操作技能考核从85.6分提高到94.9分。结论在护理管理中开发及运用护理人员隐性护理知识对提高护理人员理论知识和操作水平具有一定的促进作用。     

Focus on community: directions for nursing knowledge development

Nurses are challenged to advance the theoretical foundations of community practice. This paper offers ideas on what has been done and what needs to be done to meet this challenge. Within a community health nursing perspective, the paper defines community, proposes an integrated knowledge development framework that focuses on community, analyses contemporary theoretical and philosophical foundations of community in nursing, considers three world-views in which nursing can be framed, and examines parameters for knowledge development for the future.     

A pragmatic view of intuitive knowledge in nursing practice

Examining and exploring the intuitive knowledge--ergo intuition--of nurses is a critical undertaking for the practice of nursing. Traditionally, as nurses, we have been conditioned to value empirical knowledge above all other forms of knowledge. Intuition is, however, a rich source of nursing knowledge and, the authors would suggest, integral to the practice of nursing. Explicit recognition and embracing of intuition, as being a legitimate form of knowledge in the practice arena, must be intentionally nurtured. The focus of this paper is to explore intuitive knowledge within the context of nursing practice. It will also address various influences on our understanding of intuition as an essential form of nursing knowledge.     

社区护理中存在的问题及对策

3年的社区护理实践,发现社区护理中存在的问题有：受社会经济环境影响,护理工作量日益增加;护理人员严重不足,护理工作超负荷运转;社区护理仪器设备不配套,护理整体水平与医疗发展不适应;工作量与奖金分配不成比例。采用相应的对策：护理人员角色转换;加强对护理人员的时间管理;提高社区护理人员的政治觉悟,树立无私奉献的思想;加强护理业务技术及其质量管理;加强科室间协调工作,保证仪器设备到位。收到了明显的效果,提高了社区护理质量。     

国外肿瘤患者护理研究文献计量学分析

目的尝试使用文献计量学方法探究国外肿瘤患者护理的研究现状。方法通过检索文献,使用"书目共现分析系统"软件提取主题词,统计高频主题词,并进行聚类分析。结果统计得到21个高频主题词,经聚类分析得知目前肿瘤护理领域有5个研究方向:从心理学角度对肿瘤患者治疗及并发症的护理、护士在护患关系中的作用、护士在肿瘤护理实践中的教育培训以及社会支持对肿瘤患者生活质量的改善。结论通过对国外肿瘤护理研究领域相关文献的分析,明确了目前肿瘤护理研究的主要方向,为肿瘤护理领域科研人员和管理机构提供参考。     

隐性护理知识传递会实施后护士工作体验的质性研究

目的 了解实行隐性护理知识传递会后耳鼻喉科护士工作真实体验,为护士核心能力的提高提供依据.方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究法,以深入访谈的方式了解耳鼻喉科8名临床护士参加科内举行的隐性护理知识传递会后的工作真实体验.结果护士操作技能、护士分析和解决问题的能力、患者的满意度明显提高.结论隐性护理知识传递,对减轻护士压力、提高护理质量及患者满意度具有重要意义.     

The use of interdisciplinary seminars for the development of caring dispositions in nursing and social work students

Title. The use of interdisciplinary seminars for the development of caring dispositions in nursing and social work students. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to evaluate the influence of interdisciplinary seminars for undergraduate nursing and social work students on development of their understanding of the meaning of caring. Background. There is growing international interest in interprofessional education, which is believed to have the potential to improve patient care. If interprofessional education and subsequent collaboration are truly to be patient‐centred, it is important to identify a value base which creates a healthcare professional identity that facilitates collaboration. Caring, as a humanistic value, is found in both nursing and social work professionals. Method. A mixed method approach, primarily qualitative but with a quantitative component, was chosen for evaluation of the interprofessional seminars. The data were collected between 2007–2008 by videotape recordings of the sessions, follow‐up telephone interviews and a questionnaire. Findings. There was cultivation in the nursing students of a deeper understanding of caring based on openness and a non‐judgmental approach, learned from their social work counterparts. Reciprocally, social work students learned about the nursing students’ daily activities as they observed the natural process of trust and communication in the context of caring. Conclusion. Enhanced understanding of caring in practice is not possible via learning through a uni‐professional approach. Students’ reflections and dialogue enable their development of relation‐centred caring, particularly in the realm of biomedical and technical environments.     

Longitudinal study of Finnish nursing students' preferences for knowledge in nursing practice

The curriculum of Finnish nursing education is based on nursing science. The aim is to educate nursing students to internalize the logic, concepts and major subject areas of nursing science. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine Finnish nursing students' knowledge base of nursing after 6, 18 and 30 months of education and at the end of the degree programme. The study group consisted of 158 students selected by means of stratified sampling from the six specialities of Finnish nursing education programs. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire from 26 institutes. A factor analysis of 21 items was done, where three factors emerged. The summarized variables based on the factors were subjected to one-way analysis of variance to elucidate the differences between the six groups of students. The students prioritized biomedical knowledge. Knowledge of diseases and anatomy was preferred to the other knowledge areas. The students also valued psychological knowledge. Nursing knowledge was the least preferred knowledge area at every phase of education. The students of the different specialities preferred knowledge areas congruent with the nursing practice of their speciality.     

高职护理专业工作过程导向的《急救护理》课程开发实践

目的 为培养适应岗位需要的护理专业人才,针对高职学生特点进行《急救护理》课程开发.方法 将2008级高职护理专业4个班199名学生采用抽签法分成实验组(100名)和对照组(99名),实验组采用工作过程导向的课程开发流程,对《急救护理》课程进行课程开发与教学实施;对照组按照传统的理论、实践分段进行的方法进行《急救护理》教...     

护理人员循证护理认知现状调查及影响因素分析

目的了解目前护理人员的循证护理认知状况并分析其影响因素,为推广循证护理提供依据。方法于2013年7月至8月,对河南省3所三级甲等医院168名临床护理人员进行循证护理认知状况及影响因素调查。结果护理人员对循证护理认识得分偏低;不同科室、职务、职称的护理人员循证护理认知差异具有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05);其中妇科高于内科、外科(P0.01),护师高于护士和主管护师及以上(P0.01);影响护理人员对循证护理认知的因素主要有护理人员自身因素、客观条件限制。结论护理人员对循证护理认识不足,应通过客观条件的改善及护理人员自我认知及自身素质的提高,从而提高护理人员循证护理实践水平。     

社会智能在护理教育中的应用前景

在对社会智能的相关研究现状和大学生的社会智能现状分析的基础上,借鉴社会智能在教育方面的研究成果并结合护理学的特点,分析了社会智能在护理教育中的应用前景。     

护理学科知识管理的思考

通过对知识管理概念的阐述 ,就护理学科知识的存在形式 ,在护理学科开展知识管理的重要性方面进行论述 ,对护理学知识管理的运作过程和运作环境进行探讨。护理学作为一个实践性很强的学科 ,个人实践经验、技术专长等方面的隐形知识占据很大比重 ,通过知识管理的有效运作 ,对单位来说可以提高其护理的整体水平和核心竞争力 ;对个人来说 ,可以有更好的发展空间。