Ways of improving medical services for schoolchildren

The protection and promotion of schoolchildren's health might be ensured by means of differential approach to the use of different forms of organization of medical provision and its further improvement with due regard for regional conditions. The development of All-union programme "Schoolchildren" is needed which would provide for a scientific base for improving organizational and health-promoting activities at general education schools and boarding schools.     

Ways to improve medical services for workers of older age groups at occupational medical centers

The article provides research data on the age-related peculiarities of morbidity and reviews issues pertaining to the quality of medical services for the older age groups of workers including the rational use of drug therapy. Specified are the requirements of this particular age group in special medical care. A major aspect in the improvement of health care for workers beyond forty lies in substantial geriatric training of shop physicians.     

Ways of improving emergency medical services at the stage of the reorganization of public health

In Leningrad the reduction of a number of specialized teams of emergency medical aid has been achieved due to their replacement by intensive care teams (ICT). The technique for calculating economic efficiency of the above measure is described. The list of cycles and their sequence during training and continuous education of ICT physicians is given.     

提高福建省农村医疗卫生服务质量的探讨

调查表明,目前农村医疗卫生服务体系在不同地区发展不平衡;农民年医疗费用个体间差别很大,患重病的村民可能造成历病致贫现象。建议采取措施健全以乡镇卫生院为龙头的农村医疗医疗卫生服务体系网络,通过乡村一体化管理方式,不断提高服务质量,因地制宜建立农村社会医疗卫生服务保障制度。     

Ways of improving health care of industrial workers of Kazakhstan]

The health of industrial workers should be considered from the point of view of broad social positions and primarily from the working and living conditions and the state of health services. Environmental factors should also be taken into consideration. Periodic medical check-ups of industrial workers indicate that their health is improving. Despite the success achieved, this problem in Kazakhstan is not being adequately solved, there are only 61 health units. Hospital beds in these institutions do not have necessary specialization corresponding to the profile of industrial enterprises. Numerous industrial enterprises, oil-and-gas extracting works pollute the environment, which has been confirmed by respective examples. The authors provide evidence for the necessity of economic education for the population. Preliminary results of experimental introduction of a new economic mechanism and medical insurance in Kazakhstan are being considered as factors contributing to the improvement of public health financing resources.     

上海市医务人员劳务报酬的意向调查

目的 了解医务人员对自身劳务报酬的意向，探讨其劳动价值。方法 采用随机抽样问卷调查的方法，对上海市6家1424名医务人员进行劳务报酬的意向调查，并通过多元逐步回归分析，得到期望收入的模型。结果 只有2．9％的医务人员对现有总收入比较满意。不同职称，学历，工龄，科别，对期望收入均有影响。期望收入是实际收入的若干倍，且不同级别差距较大。结论 我国医务人员的劳务报酬有待进一步提高，且分配制度改革应与劳动人事制度改革同步。     

Physical exertion of agricultural workers with reference to work in private farms--consequences for occupational health services

In terms of social-insurance legislation, the small-scale private work of cooperative agricultural and horticultural workers has the same status as their cooperative-farm work. Therefore, it must be included in occupational-hygiene analyses for the evaluation of the physical work load. Continuous heart-rate measurements were carried out in 64 people-workers operating can-to-can or pipeline milking facilities, agricultural-machinery mechanics, female horticultural workers and tractor or harvester drivers-covering a total of 138 working days. Only considering the cooperative-farm work-load, it is only the milking-facility workers whose work can be evaluated as hard. Including the additional private agricultural work too, the work of the female horticultural workers also must be evaluated as hard, and that of the agricultural-machinery mechanics as moderately hard. In the case of the tractor and harvester drivers, the private small-scale agricultural work in occupational-health terms is regarded as a favourable counter-balance to the hypokinesia involved in driving.     

Private medical services in the Italian public hospitals: the case for improving HRM

This study explores how Italian public hospitals can use private medical activities run by their employed physicians as a human resources management (HRM) tool. It is based on field research in two acute-care hospitals and a review of Italian literature and laws. The Italian National Health Service (NHS) allows employed physicians to run private, patient-funded activities ("private beds", surgical operations, hospital outpatient clinics, etc.). Basic regulation is set at the national level, but it can be greatly improved at the hospital level. Private activities, if poorly managed, can damage efficiency, equity, quality of care, and public trust in the NHS. On the other hand, hospitals can also use them as leverage to improve HRM, with special attention to three issues: (1) professional evaluation, development, and training; (2) compensation policies; (3) competition for, and retention of, professionals in short supply. The two case studies presented here show great differences between the two hospitals in terms of regulation and organizational solutions that have been adopted to deal with such activities. However, in both hospitals, private activities do not seem to benefit HRM. Private activities are not systematically considered in compensation policies. Moreover, private revenues are strongly concentrated in a few physicians. Hospitals use very little of the information provided by the private activities to improve knowledge management, career development, or training planning. Finally, hospitals do not use private activities management as a tool for competing in the labor market for health professionals who are in short supply.