磁导航引导下冠状动脉介入治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨应用磁导航引导进行冠状动脉介入治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 入选在磁导航室经冠状动脉造影确诊并符合介入治疗适应证的冠状动脉病变.经股动脉或桡动脉径路,采用磁导航引导进行冠状动脉介入治疗,记录靶病变特征、手术过程、X线暴露时间、X线暴露量和相关并发症.用Stata 9.2软件进行数据分析.结果 自2006年4月至2008年6月共入选冠心病患者121例,治疗靶病变138处,其中A型病变30处、B1型病变50处、B2型病变36处、C型病变22处(包括闭塞病变7处).靶病变平均狭窄程度(85.3±10.0)%、平均长度(21.1±10.0)mm.在磁导航引导下,磁导丝通过病变134处,病变通过率为97.1%.磁导丝置入过程中X线暴露时间(55.9±35.4)s、X线暴露量(98.0±86.1)mGy/(490.0±422.2)μGym2、对比剂用量(8.0±5.4)ml.在磁导丝通过的靶病变处共置人支架164枚.未发生与磁导航系统相关的并发症.磁导丝未能通过的靶病变共4处,其中2处为慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变,另2处为伴有钙化的次全闭塞病变.结论 应用磁导航引导进行常规的冠状动脉介入治疗是可行的,磁导丝病变通过率高,安全性好.CTO病变和伴有钙化的次全闭塞病变不适宜应用磁导航系统进行介入治疗.     

磁导航辅助心血管介入治疗

心血管介入治疗目前涵盖冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)介入、常规起搏及心脏再同步化(CRT)、心律失常导管射频消融、肥厚梗阻性心肌病化学消融以及心力衰竭干细胞注射治疗等。部分患者因特殊的心脏及血管解剖结构无法成功接受相应的治疗;且介入治疗本身不可     

冠状动脉介入治疗致对比剂肾病的护理预防

随着冠心病介入治疗的广泛开展,对比剂的用量越来越多,对比剂相关性肾损害（又称造影剂肾病,CIN）已经成为医院内发生肾功能衰竭的第三位原因,成为冠心病介入治疗领域继＂再狭窄、血栓＂之后的第三大难题。CIN的发生不仅延长患者的住院时间、增加医疗费用,还使患者的病死率明显增加,因此对其预防、治疗及护理显得尤为重要。     

不同剂量对比剂对冠状动脉造影患者肾功能的影响

目的观察不同剂量造影剂对冠状动脉造影患者肾功能的影响。方法入选2009年12月~2012年7月住院治疗并接受冠脉造影检查与治疗的冠心病患者234例,根据患者在术中使用对比剂剂量的不同将患者分为低剂量组(剂量200ml,n=127)和高剂量组(剂量≥200ml,n=107),比较两组患者术前、术后1d、术后7d肾功能相关指标血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(sCr)、尿β2微球蛋白(尿β2MG)变化情况。结果低剂量组及高剂量组患者术后第1天,sCr、BUN、尿β2MG水平较术前显著上升,与治疗前相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第7天,sCr、BUN、尿β2MG水平较术后第1天有显著回落。术后第1天、第7天高剂量与低剂量组患者sCr、BUN、尿β2MG水平比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠脉造影可促进患者肾功能损害,随着剂量增加,其损害可能越重。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后对比剂脑病2例

近30年来,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的应用逐渐增多,术中对比剂使用的剂量也随之增加,对比剂相关的不良反应,如过敏反应、对比剂肾病、对比剂脑病(contrast-induced encephalopathy,CIE)也受到临床更多的关注。CIE是一种罕见的疾病,是一种由于使用对比剂而导致的急性、自限性、预后良好的短暂神经系统功能紊乱,部分患者症状较重,甚至死亡,一部分患者神经系统检查或者CT扫描成像可发现异常[1]。新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2017年12月至2018年11月行单纯冠状动脉造影2579例,PCI术1587例,其中行PCI术患者中有2例患者考虑是CIE,经积极治疗后康复。     

“零对比剂”经皮冠状动脉介入治疗1例

正冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断和治疗必须使用含碘对比剂[1,2],然而,少数患者使用含碘对比剂后发生过敏性休克,甚至危及生命。因此,长期以来,造影剂过敏一直是介入治疗的"绝对禁区"。基于此,西京医院心血管内科在国内首先提出"零对比剂"介入治疗的新方法,即在介入治疗过程中,不使用造影剂,我们同时克服了无造影指引导管置放、     

多排冠状动脉计算机断层扫描与磁导航系统的联合应用可避免在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中使用造影剂

多排非冠状动脉计算机断层扫描（CTCA）的三维重建成像技术可提供冠状动脉三维空间的具体信息,其后以尖端带有磁性的导丝沿血管走行,通过实时的显影成像,将磁导航系统（MNS）所建立的路径与CTCA所重建的冠状动脉血管影像相重叠覆盖,再通过心肌血流储备（FFR）评价病变的严重程度,血管内超声（IVUS）量化管腔的直径,从而决定所需置入支架的种类及位置。     

血管内超声指导下零对比剂行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

目的评价血管内超声(IVUS)指导下零对比剂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的可行性和安全性。方法入选2016年10月至2020年4月于大庆油田总医院和天津第四中心医院住院的8例冠心病患者中,在冠状动脉造影或前1次经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时发生对比剂过敏,无法再次应用对比剂进行介入诊断和治疗者,在IVUS指导下零对比剂完成介入治疗。结果8例患者介入治疗术中未使用对比剂,参考前1次造影结果,零对比剂导引导管、导丝到位,在IVUS指导下完成病变评估、确定介入治疗部位、支架尺寸选择、置入支架后效果评估。未发生手术相关并发症,手术即刻成功率为100%。结论适当选择的对比剂过敏和严重肾功能不全患者可以在IVUS指导下零对比剂完成PCI。     

血糖与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病的相关性

目的探讨血糖水平与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生的相关性。方法选择行冠状动脉造影术及冠状动脉支架植入术的患者230例,均应用低渗非离子型造影剂碘海醇进行造影,按照血糖指标分为非糖尿病(DM)组(n=112)、糖耐量异常组(n=38)、DM组(n=80),分析三组治疗后平均血尿素氮、血肌酐值及照影剂肾病的发生率。结果三组血尿素氮、血肌酐值比较,糖耐量异常组高于非糖尿病组(P<0.05),DM组显著高于糖耐量异常组(P<0.01)。非DM组造影剂肾病发生率为2.7%,糖耐量异常组为5.3%,DM组为8.8%。结论血糖水平与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生呈正相关,对糖尿病及糖耐量异常患者,在行冠状动脉介入检查及治疗时,应注意预防造影剂肾病的发生。     

带给介入治疗革命性进步的新技术——数字平板磁导航血管造影系统

随着介入诊疗技术的飞速发展，其应用价值已完全被人们所承认和接受，许多手术已由微创介入治疗来代替。介入诊疗技术损伤小、并发症低、适应症宽。有些介入技术甚至解决了过去常规手术所不能解决的问题，如脑动脉瘤的治疗等。然而，常规心脏介入治疗操作时间长，射线辐射量大，对术者和病人均不利。介入导管操作时间的长短除决定于术者对技术掌握的熟练程度外，疾病的复杂程度及病变的解剖学位置也非常重要，如导管要进入小于90度成角的分支血管，操作难度则更大。     

磁导航系统在房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融中的应用

目的评价磁导航系统对房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融的指导作用。方法将经过心内电生理检查确诊的房室结折返性心动过速患者随机分为两组,A组采用常规技术和4mm温控导管消融,B组采用磁导航系统和温控磁大头导管消融。两组各入选10例患者,其年龄、性别、心动过速病史和基础心血管疾病具有可比性。比较两组患者如下参数：消融操作时间、患者透视时间、术者透视时间、放电次数、消融能量、成功率、并发症、手术费用。结果两组患者全部一次消融成功,无并发症,术后住院时间相同,随访（7.1±1.4）个月,无心动过速复发。磁导航消融组的操作时间、患者和术者透视时间、放电次数和实际消融能量均明显低于常规消融组,但手术费用高于常规消融组。结论采用磁导航系统指导房室结慢径路导管射频消融能明显缩短消融操作时间及患者和术者的透视时间,减少放电次数,降低实际消融能量。     

Guidewire navigation in coronary artery stenoses using a novel magnetic navigation system: first clinical experience.

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of guidewire navigation across coronary artery stenoses using magnetic navigation system (MNS) versus conventional navigation. The MNS is a novel option to facilitate access to target lesions, particularly in tortuous vessels. In an experimental study using a challenging vessel phantom, magnetic-navigated guidewire passage has been reported to reduce fluoroscopy and procedure time significantly. Both magnetic and manual guidewire navigation were attempted in 21 consecutive diseased coronary arteries. The study endpoint was defined as an intraluminal wire position distal to the stenosis. Procedural success was defined as successful guidewire passage without procedural events. Procedure time, amount of contrast, fluoroscopy time, and radiation dose/area product (DAP) were evaluated. There were no procedural events related to either guidewire. Although the lesions attempted had relatively simple and straightforward characteristics, significantly shorter procedure and fluoroscopy time were observed for manual guidewire navigation compared to MNS (median, 40 vs. 120 sec, P=0.001; 38 vs. 105 sec, P=0.001, respectively). Contrast amount and DAP were higher in MNS than in conventional method (median, 13 vs. 9 ml, P=0.018; 215 vs. 73 Gym2, P=0.002, respectively). The magnetic wire did not cross in two vessels. Guidewire navigation using MNS presented a novel, safe, and feasible approach to address coronary artery lesions. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of the MNS in more complex coronary lesions and tortuous anatomy.     

Use of the Stereotaxis Niobe® magnetic navigation system for percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from 350 consecutive patients

Introduction : The Stereotaxis Niobe® magnetic navigation system (MNS; Stereotaxis, St. Louis, MO) facilitates precise vector based navigation of magnetically‐enabled guidewires for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using two permanent magnets located on opposite sides of the patient table to produce a controllable magnetic field. The objective of this study is to describe the results of a large patient series using this system, to compare the results with a historical control group, and to detail the MNS learning curve. Methods : We prospectively collected data on 439 lesions in 350 consecutive PCI patients using the MNS predominantly using the radial approach. All data were entered into a customized database to capture the key parameters and then compared with a previously collected stent registry from the same center. Results : In 410/439 lesions (93%) the wire crossed the lesion successfully using the MNS. Twenty‐five of the 35 failures were chronic total occlusions. No wire perforations or dissections occurred in this population. Lesion crossing time was 81 ± 168 sec (mean ± SD), and fluoroscopy time was 64 ± 123 sec. A clear learning curve was evident after the first 80 patients. Contrast use was reduced when compared with a historical control group. Procedural and fluoroscopy times were similar. Conclusions : Use of the MNS may enable the successful performance of more complex procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with an improvement in time efficiency. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

A randomized comparison of the magnetic navigation system versus conventional percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective : A randomized comparison of the magnetic navigation system (MNS) to conventional guidewire techniques in percutaneous coronary interventions. Background : The MNS precisely directs a magnetized guidewire in vivo through two permanent external magnets. Methods : A total of 111 consecutive patients were enrolled. Crossing success, crossing‐/fluoroscopy times, and contrast usage were directly compared. Lesions were classified according to the AHA/ACC criteria. Three tertiles of vessel/lesion complexity [low (<5), medium (6–10) and high (>10)] were defined using 3D reconstructions and angiographic information. Results : The crossing success for magnetic and the conventional wires were 93.3and 95.6%, respectively. Crossing and fluoroscopy times were longer with the magnetic wires (72.9 ± 50.3 sec vs. 58.1 ± 47.2 sec, P < 0.001 and 66.2 ± 44.1 sec vs. 55.2 ± 44.4 sec, P = 0.03, respectively). In vessels with low and medium complexity the magnetic wires had significantly longer times (P < 0.001) but for those with high scores (>10) a trend towards shorter times was observed. The MNS resulted in a small but significant reduction in contrast usage (2.3 ± 3.5 ml vs. 4.5 ± 4.4 ml, P < 0.001). Moreover by superimposing a virtual roadmap of the vessel on the live fluoroscopy image 48% of the lesions were crossed without requiring contrast agents with the MNS. Conclusion : The MNS has comparable crossing success to conventional PCI. It is relatively slower but there is a trend to support a potential advantage in more complex vessels. By simultaneously employing a virtual roadmap there is a small but significant reduction in contrast usage. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Integration of dual source computed tomography With magnetic navigation system for percutaneous coronary intervention: A feasibility study

Objectives : To investigate the feasibility of integration of the dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and magnetic navigation system (MNS) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background : MNS has proven to be feasible for yielding high rates of procedural success for PCI. DSCT coronary angiography (DSCT‐CA) may provide a roadmap of a target vessel and serve as a reference route for MNS. Combination of these two technologies might decrease the contrast use, fluoroscopy exposure, and be beneficial to the intervention of the totally occluded lesions. Methods : Twenty‐five patients with positive results of DSCT‐CA and indications for PCI were included. CT images were transferred to MNS, and target vessels were extracted and registered to X‐ray system as a roadmap. Results : DSCT‐CA and MNS‐assisted PCIs were successfully performed in 25 of the 26 target vessels (96.2%), with the mean guidewire crossing time of 100.0 (25–75% inter‐quartile ranges (IQR): 70.7–157.8) sec, mean total radiation dosage of 268.1 (IQR: 150.5–527.0) μGym², or 42.0 (IQR: 23.0–70.0) mGy, respectively. The contrast usage for guidewire positioning was 0 (IQR: 0–3.0) ml for the successfully crossed lesions. Both of the two totally occluded lesions in this study were successfully crossed with guidewires under the guidance of the DSCT‐CA derived roadmap. Conclusion : Integration of DSCT with MNS for PCI is feasible. This integration of advanced modalities might decrease contrast usage, lower fluoroscopy exposure for guidewire positioning, and might also play a role in totally occluded lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

磁导航指导下心房颤动导管消融与床旁操作消融的临床比较研究

目的 比较磁导航指导下心房颤动（房颤）导管消融与床旁操作消融的有效性和安全性.方法 2012年11月至2013年11月在南京医科大学附属无锡市人民医院心内科住院的78例房颤患者,分为磁导航指导下消融组（MNS组,28例）和床旁操作消融对照组（CON组,50例）.MNS组穿刺房间隔后采用盐水灌注磁消融导管行左心房建模和左右肺静脉前庭电隔离,隔离后采用牛眼图确认;CON组在电解到标测（Carto）系统指导下采用常规床旁操作消融方法.记录并分析两组的手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、X线曝光量和手术相关并发症.术后3～6个月内每月随访1次动态心电图.结果 78例房颤患者均成功实施消融治疗.MNS组和CON组的手术操作时间分别为110.0～ 210.0（152.7±24.0） min和90.0～ 180.0（145.5±18.2） min（P＞0.05）;MNS组和CON组X线曝光时间分别为7.5～35.0（17.2±7.3）min和15.1～61.0（30.8± 14.2） min（P＜0.05）;MNS组和CON组X线曝光量为165.0～1 988.0（603.0±496.6） mGy和321.5～2 512.6（850.6±624.3） mGy（P＜0.05）,而MNS组28例患者中前14例和后14例的手术X线曝光量分别为250.0～1 988.0 （810.3±583.3） mGy和165.0～715.0（396.3±159.4） mGy（P＜0.01）.MNS组除1例血胸外,无其他手术相关并发症,CON组出现1例心脏压塞、1例肺静脉狭窄、1例新发腔隙性脑梗死、1例血胸和3例血肿.随访3～6个月,两组手术成功率差异无统计学意义.结论 磁导航可安全有效地应用于房颤患者的导管消融.与床旁操作消融相比,手术成功率相似,但具有明显减少医患X线曝光量、缩短医生房颤导管消融学习曲线和可能降低患者手术并发症等优点.     

Initial clinical experience with cardiac resynchronization therapy utilizing a magnetic navigation system

Introduction: The placement of left ventricular (LV) leads during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) involves many technical difficulties. These difficulties increase procedural times and decrease procedural success rates. Methods and Results: A total of 50 patients with severe cardiomyopathy (mean LV ejection fraction was 21 ± 6%) and a wide QRS underwent CRT implantation. Magnetic navigation (Stereotaxis, Inc.) was used to position a magnet‐tipped 0.014″ guidewire (Cronus? guidewire) within the coronary sinus (CS) vasculature. LV leads were placed in a lateral CS branch, either using a standard CS delivery sheath or using a “bare‐wire” approach without a CS delivery sheath. The mean total procedure time was 98.1 ± 29.1 minutes with a mean fluoroscopy time of 22.7 ± 15.1 minutes. The mean LV lead positioning time was 10.4 ± 7.6 minutes. The use of a delivery sheath was associated with longer procedure times 98 ± 32 minutes vs 80 ± 18 minutes (P = 0.029), fluoroscopy times 23 ± 15 minutes vs 13 ± 4 minutes (P = 0.0007) and LV lead positioning times 10 ± 6 minutes vs 4 ± 2 minutes (P = 0.015) when compared to a “bare‐wire” approach. When compared with 52 nonmagnetic‐assisted control CRT cases, magnetic navigation reduced total LV lead positioning times (10.4 ± 7.6 minutes vs 18.6 ± 18.9 minutes; P = 0.005). If more than one CS branch vessel was tested, magnetic navigation was associated with significantly shorter times for LV lead placement (16.2 ± 7.7 minutes vs 36.4 ± 23.4 minutes; P = 0.004). Conclusions: Magnetic navigation is a safe, feasible, and efficient tool for lateral LV lead placement during CRT. Magnetic navigation during CRT allows for control of the tip direction of the Cronus? 0.014″ guidewire using either a standard CS delivery sheath or “bare‐wire” approach. Although there are some important limitations to the 0.014″ Cronus? magnetic navigation can decrease LV lead placement times compared with nonmagnetic‐assisted control CRT cases, particularly if multiple CS branches are to be tested.     

三维标测系统引导下射频消融治疗儿童阵发性心动过速

目的 观察三维标测系统辅助的儿童快速心律失常射频消融术X线曝光量的变化.方法 行快速心律失常消融术的患儿,82例为研究组(利用三维Ensite NavX标测),90例为对照组(射频消融术,常规借助X线),进行辐射剂量比对.结果 研究组:房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT) 23例(28.0％),房室折返性心动过速(AVRT) 39例(47.6％),右心房房性心动过速(RAT)2例(2.4％),特发性室性心动过速(IVT)18例(22.0％).对照组:AVNRT 20例(22.2％),AVRT40例(44.4％),RAT 2例(2.2％),IVr 28例(31.1％).研究组辐射剂量(154.40±219.33) μGy明显低于对照组(920.33±1698.11) μGy(P＜0.001).两组的总治愈率分别为92.68％和92.22％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组复发6例,对照组复发7例.结论 Ensite NavX引导下射频消融治疗儿童快速性心律失常能显著减少X线曝光剂量,与常规透视方法下的射频消融具有一致的较高成功率.