Influence of blood corpuscles on the ultrafiltration of various proteins

The ultrafiltration characteristics of a commercial dialyzer were examined by measuring the sieving coefficient (s.c.) for three proteins, i.e., cytochrome c, chymotrypsinogen, and albumin, in a bovine blood system. Test blood was passed through a filter at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min and filtrate was collected at an ultrafiltration flow rate of 10 ml/min from a port located near the blood inlet. The s.c. for cytochrome c and chymotrypsinogen in bovine blood sharply increased at the beginning of the experiment and reached a steady value that was about 60% of that obtained in an aqueous solution system. This may have been caused by the masking effect of the erythrocytes. The s.c. for albumin at steady state in bovine blood that contained added albumin only was almost the same as that obtained in the aqueous solution system. When all three proteins were added to bovine blood, however, the s.c. for albumin showed a steady value (after a slight decrease at the beginning of the experiment) the absolute value of which was higher than that found in the aqueous solution system. This phenomenon may have been caused by the stirring effect of erythrocytes that would disturb the concentration polarization of albumin formed near the membrane.     

On the axial drift of blood corpuscles

Many observers have noticed that, when blood flows in a blood vessel of a living animal or in a narrow tube, the blood cells appear to drift to the axis; it has been suggested that this phenomenon is important in accounting for the anomalous flow properties of blood. It is shown in this paper, through an analysis based on the fluid mechanics of a simplified model of blood flow, that the axial movement of a blood cell, which is independent of the initial velocity of the cell, results from the effect of the inertia of the homogeneous liquid surrounding the cell.

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Zusammenfassung Viele Untersucher stellten fest, da? bei der Str?mung von Blut in einem Blutgefa? eines lebenden Tieres oder in einer engen R?hre die Blutzellen zur Achse hin zu str?men scheinen; man hat versucht, dieses Ph?nomen zur Erkl?rung der anomalen Str?mungseigenschaften des Blutes heranzuziehen. In dieser Arbeit wird an Hand einer Analyse, die auf der Str?mungsmechanik in einem vereinfachten Blutstr?mungsmodell beruht, gezeigt, da? die axiale Bewegung, die unabh?ngig von der Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Zelle ist, durch die Tr?gheit der die Zelle umgebenden homogenen Flüssigkeit hervorgerufen wird.

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Sommaire Beaucoup d'observateurs ont remarqué que, lorsque le sang circule dans les veines d'un animal vivant, ou dans un tube étroit, les cellules du sang semblent se déplacer vers l'axe; on a pensé que ce phénomène était important pour étudier cet écoulement particulier au débit sanguin. Dans cet article on démontre, grace à une analyse basée sur la mécanique des fluides appliquée à un modèle simplifié du débit sanguin, que le mouvement vers l'axe d'une cellule sanguine, qui est indépendant de la vitesse initiale de la cellule, résulte de l'effet d? à l'inertie du liquide homogène entourant la cellule.

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This paper originally appeared as a Technical Note inJap. J. med. Electron. biol. Engng,3, p. 65 (1965).     

Influence of the age of sheep red blood cells on virus-induced and hypotonic hemolysis

The effect of red blood cell age on the susceptibility towards NDV-induced hemolysis has been investigated. It was found that young sheep red blood cells (SRBC), although more resistant to hypotonic hemolysis, are more susceptible towards viral hemolysis than older cells. This may be because young red blood cells have a higher content of neuraminic acid, which functions as a receptor for NDV.The work was supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich 47