细胞色素P450表氧化酶对内皮细胞凋亡及NF—κB表达的影响

目的研究细胞色素P450表氧化酶对肿瘤坏死因子诱导的内皮细胞凋亡及NF-KB活性的影响。方法在原代培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞中，分别转染细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因rAAV-2J2，rAAV-2C11，rAAV—F87V两周后，用肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-d）（10ng／ml）和放线菌素D（ActD）（5ng／ml）诱导凋亡，通过DNA ladder观察细胞凋亡，同时ELISA法测定NF-κB的活性。结果与对照组相比，转染细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因后能抑制内皮细胞的凋亡，同时诱导细胞凋亡后，转染CYP450各基因组NF-KB中P65的活性较对照组明显降低。结论细胞色素P450表氧化酶能明显的抑制肿瘤坏死因子诱导的内皮细胞凋亡，并通过抑制NF-κB的核转位发挥抗凋亡作用。     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物EET促进血管生成的研究

目的研究花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP）表氧化酶代谢产物表氧二十碳三烯酸（epoxyeicosatrienoic acid,EET）对牛主动脉内皮细胞（bovine endothelial cells,BAEC）、对血管生成的影响及其机制.方法分离BAEC培养,给予外源性EET刺激、重组腺相关病毒介导的各种CYP表氧化酶（CYP2J2,CYP2C11,CYPF87V）转染后,采用细胞计数、噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖改变,用流式细胞仪检测对细胞增殖周期的影响,同时检测细胞趋化移行的改变,比较对Matrigel中毛细血管样结构形成的影响,观察表氧化酶过度表达对鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜血管生成和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管生成的影响.结果各种EET刺激或表氧化酶病毒转染均显著促进BAEC的增殖、趋化和移行,并使Matrigel中毛细血管样结构的形成明显增加,且EET呈剂量依赖性效应,而合用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK）抑制剂或磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）抑制剂均可显著抑制上述效应,另外表氧化酶病毒转染尚能明显促进CAM小血管和大鼠缺血后肢毛细血管的生成.结论花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（CYP）表氧化酶及其代谢产物EET可显著促进血管的生成,可改善局部组织的缺血,其作用由MAKP和PI3K介导,部分效应由其对一氧化氮的上调作用介导.     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶在自发性高血压大鼠血压的调节中的作用

背景与目的花生四烯酸细胞色素P450（CYP）表氧化酶代谢花生四烯酸产生表氧化廿烷酸（EETs），又称为内皮源性超极化因子（EDHFs），在局部微循环的调节中起着重要作用。然而EETs在血压的调节中是否起作用还不清楚。本研究通过对成年自发性高血压大鼠导入花生四烯酸细胞色素表氧化酶基因来观察其血压变化，从而进一步明确EETs在血压调节中的作用。方法：将含人类细胞色素P450表氧化酶CYP2J2 cDNA的真核细胞表达质粒pcDNA．2J2经静脉注射（3mg／kg）人雄性成年自发性高血压大鼠，并以pcDNA3．1对照。然后用尾部血压计测量血压。并在注射后3周和4周时处死动物，检测CYP2J2在不同组织中的表达情况。结果：注射质粒后对照组血压一直无显著性变化，而pcDNA．2J2治疗组大鼠血压显著降低（P〈0．05），这一降压效应持续两周以上。Western blotting显示在实验组动物肺、肝和肾的总蛋白中通过特异性抗-CYP2J2抗体可检测出显著量的人类CYP2J2蛋白的表达。结论：本实验显示对成年自发性高血压大鼠导人人类CYP2J2基因，使CYP2J2可以在动物组织中高表达，从而引起相对持久的降压作用，这些结果提示花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶通过产生EDHFs参与了动物血压的调节作用。     

细胞色素P450表氧化酶2J2基因G312R多态性与脑卒中的关系

目的探讨我国汉族人群细胞色素P450表氧化酶2J2(CYP2J2)基因G312R多态性与脑卒中的关系。方法选择脑卒中病例180例和性别、年龄相匹配的健康人群190例,采用PCR-RFLP方法进行CYP2J2基因G312R多态性分析。结果370例均为野生型,未发现杂合子和突变后纯合子。结论CYP2J2基因G312R突变不是我国部分人群缺血性脑卒中、脑出血发病的遗传危险因素。     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物环氧二十碳三烯酸生物学作用

对于花生四烯酸经细胞色素P450表氧化酶作用生成的环氧二十碳三烯酸（EETs）,最初在心血管及肾脏系统中被广泛研究,并发现EETs的舒张血管、抑制血小板的聚集、抑制血管平滑肌细胞的炎症反应及平滑肌细胞的迁移、增强纤维蛋白的溶解等作用,为预防及治疗许多心血管疾病如高血压、动脉粥样硬化等提供了新的研究方向。近来研究发现EETs具有促进机体肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移等作用,其有可能使EET成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。深入研究EETs的生物学作用及其作用机制,将为临床治疗某些疾病提供新的思路。     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物环氧二十碳三烯酸生物学作用

对于花生四烯酸经细胞色素P450表氧化酶作用生成的环氧二十碳三烯酸(EETs),最初在心血管及肾脏系统中被广泛研究,并发现EETs的舒张血管、抑制血小板的聚集、抑制血管平滑肌细胞的炎症反应及平滑肌细胞的迁移、增强纤维蛋白的溶解等作用,为预防及治疗许多心血管疾病如高血压、动脉粥样硬化等提供了新的研究方向。近来研究发现EETs具有促进机体肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移等作用,其有可能使EET成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。深入研究EETs的生物学作用及其作用机制,将为临床治疗某些疾病提供新的思路。     

重组腺相关病毒介导的细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因对TNF-α诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞炎症的影响

目的研究过度表达细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因引起内源性EETs产生增加是否能抑制由TNF—α诱导的内皮炎症。方法以携带三种不同表氧化酶基因的重组腺相关病毒rAAV- CYP2C11、rAAV—CYP2J2和rAAV—CYPF87V转染人脐静脉内皮细胞,然后再以TNF—α干预,来研究它们对内皮VCAM-1的表达及外周血单核细胞PBMC与内皮细胞粘附的影响。结果TNF-α诱导了 HUVEC中VCAM-1蛋白质的表达,rAAV—CYP2C11、rAAV—CYP2J2能明显抑制TNF-α的这一作用。 TNF-α诱导了PBMC与HUVEC的粘附(100±0．0％ vs 620．1±65．3％),rAAV-CYP2C11、rAAV- CYP2J2能明显抑制TNF-α的这一作用(分别为120．3±33．4％ vs 387．7±27．4％．131．0±28．7％ vs 535．0±69．7％)。结论CYP2C11和CYP2J2基因具有显著的保护内皮细胞、对抗炎症介质介导的内皮损伤的作用。     

花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物EET抑制脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞凋亡

目的研究花生四烯酸经细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物一表氧化二十碳三烯酸 (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids,EETs)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的牛主动脉内皮细胞(bovine aortic endothelial cells,BAECs)凋亡的影响。方法原代分离培养BAECs。分别在细胞培养基中加入 8,9-,11,12-,和14,15-EET1 h后,用LPS(100 ng／ml)诱导内皮细胞凋亡。用MTT法检测LPS对 BAECs的毒性作用,再通过细胞形态学(吖啶橙／溴化乙锭染色)和流式细胞仪计数检测其凋亡变化。结果LPS对BAECs的毒性作用呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。LPS可明显诱导BAECs凋亡,但8, 9-,11,12-,和14,15-EET干预的BAECs凋亡细胞数分别为(37．03±3．014)％、(33．45±7．918)％和 (35．75±7．858)％明显少于溶媒对照组(47．33±3．154)％。结论这些结果证明了花生四烯酸细胞色素P450表氧化酶代谢产物EETs能明显的抑制LPS诱导的BAECs凋亡。这表明细胞色素P450 表氧化酶可能有保护心血管系统,防止其受到炎症损伤和粥样硬化的作用。     

细胞色素P450与化疗个体化

恶性肿瘤的化疗药物的治疗窗很窄,相同剂量的药物在疗效和毒性反应存在很大的个体差异,集中表现在患者药代动力学、效应和毒性方面的显著个体差异,这种差异可能引起部分患者严重的甚至是致命的副作用〔1〕。药物代谢是药物在体内消除的主要途径,药物代谢酶在药物的代谢解毒、代     

转染细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因对TNF-α损伤大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张反应的保护作用及机制研究

目的研究过度表达表氧化酶基因,增加内源性EETs的产生是否对TNF-α损伤大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张反应具有保护作用,并初步从对血管VCAM-1表达的影响探讨其机制。方法将携带细胞色素P450表氧化酶基因的真核表达载体pCB6质粒导入大鼠体内,2周后经静脉给予TNF-α,6 h后观察去甲肾上腺素预收缩的主动脉血管环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应,并以western blot 检测血管中VCAM-1蛋白质的表达情况。结果 TNF-α降低了主动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应, CYP2C11、CYP2J2和CYPF87V基因转染使得这种被TNF-α降低的血管舒张反应增强。TNF-α增加了血管VCAM-1表达,CYP2C11、CYP2J2和CYPF87V基因转染使得这种被TNF-α诱导的VCAM-1表达减少。结论CYP2C11、CYP2J2和CYPF87V基因能提高了血管对舒血管物质的反应性。本研究提示,通过上调体内表氧化酶基因表达水平提高内源性EETs浓度可减轻炎症介导的血管损伤,这为研究动脉粥样硬化的防治提供了新的思路。     

Expression and regulation of aromatase cytochrome P450 in THP 1 human myeloid leukaemia cells

Aromatase cytochrome P450 mRNA and activity was strongly expressed in THP 1 myeloid leukaemia cells after treatment with phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) and dexamethasone, low level expression was caused by calcitriol. mRNA species of 4.0, 3.0, 2.4 and 1.1 kb size were differentially stimulated. After calcitriol-mediated differentiation (72 h, measured by CD 14 expression) mRNA expression was further enhanced by PMA (45-fold), dexamethasone (15-fold), oestradiol (3.7-fold), testosterone (2.5-fold) and androstenedione (3.5-fold). Forskolin, cAMP and follicle stimulating hormone had no stimulatory effect. Oestradiol formation from testosterone (oestradiol radioimmunoassay in culture supernatants) increased to >2000 pg/ml/10⁶ cells/24 h after PMA-stimulation, mirrored mRNA expression and was suppressed below 10% of original values in the presence of 4-OH-androstenedione. Exons I.2 and I.4 were expressed in PMA-stimulated cells only, exon I.3 in both PMA- and dexamethasone-stimulated cells. A new splicing variant was expressed after calcitriol-stimulation, which did not hybridise to an exon II-derived oligonucleotide but to an exon III-derived one. Local aromatisation of androgens into oestradiol may be important in the concerted crosstalk of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage with their respective tissues in inflammation and bone metabolism.     

Comparative molecular modeling of Anopheles gambiae CYP6Z1, a mosquito P450 capable of metabolizing DDT

One of the challenges faced in malarial control is the acquisition of insecticide resistance that has developed in mosquitoes that are vectors for this disease. Anopheles gambiae, which has been the major mosquito vector of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Africa, has over the years developed resistance to insecticides including dieldrin, 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT), and pyrethroids. Previous microarray studies using fragments of 230 An. gambiae genes identified five P450 loci, including CYP4C27, CYP4H15, CYP6Z1, CYP6Z2, and CYP12F1, that showed significantly higher expression in the DDT-resistant ZAN/U strain compared with the DDT-susceptible Kisumu strain. To predict whether either of the CYP6Z1 and CYP6Z2 proteins might potentially metabolize DDT, we generated and compared molecular models of these two proteins with and without DDT docked in their catalytic sites. This comparison indicated that, although these two CYP6Z proteins share high sequence identity, their metabolic profiles were likely to differ dramatically from the larger catalytic site of CYP6Z1, potentially involved in DDT metabolism, and the more constrained catalytic site of CYP6Z2, not likely to metabolize DDT. Heterologous expressions of these proteins have corroborated these predictions: only CYP6Z1 is capable of metabolizing DDT. Overlays of these models indicate that slight differences in the backbone of SRS1 and variations of side chains in SRS2 and SRS4 account for the significant differences in their catalytic site volumes and DDT-metabolic capacities. These data identify CYP6Z1 as one important target for inhibitor design aimed at inactivating insecticide-metabolizing P450s in natural populations of this malarial mosquito.     

Icaritin induces AML cell apoptosis via the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signal pathways

Icaritin, a hydrolytic product of icaritin, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb epimedium. Icaritin inhibits the proliferation of several tumor cell lines, but its effect on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. In the present study, we demonstrated that icaritin inhibits the proliferation of human AML cell lines NB4, HL60, and U937, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, icaritin showed anti-leukemia activity on bone marrow mononuclear cells from 15 newly diagnosed AML patients. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that icaritin induces AML cells apoptosis. Icaritin induced activation of caspase-9, -3, -7 and the cleavage of PARP as measured by Western blotting. Icaritin downregulates p-ERK and p-AKT and inhibits the expression of c-myc. These results suggest that icaritin is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of AML. The underlying mechanisms of icaritin anti-AML activity are associated with inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signals and downregulation of c-myc.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK/caspase-3-dependent signaling pathway in endothelial cells

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is emerging as a key contributor for endothelial dysfunction and its effects on endothelium are not yet completely defined. The aim of this study was to investigate ADMA-induced apoptosis and its mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ terminal uridine nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Caspase-3 activity was measured using a colorimetric protease assay kit. Activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were characterized by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Intracellular oxidant production was measured using H(2)DCF-DA, an oxidant-sensitive fluorescent indicator. ADMA (3-30 microM) induced apoptosis of HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Caspase-3 was activated during apoptosis and its specific inhibitor DEVD-CHO significantly attenuated ADMA-induced apoptosis. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was induced by ADMA, and p38 MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580 concentration-dependently prevented ADMA-induced caspase-3 activation and cell apoptosis. ADMA increased intracellular oxidant production, which was significantly suppressed by intracellular antioxidant PDTC, l-arginine or antisense endothelial NOS mRNA. They also markedly prevented ADMA-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our present results demonstrate that ADMA induces apoptosis of endothelial cell via elevation of intracellular oxidant production, which involves p38 MAPK/caspase-3-dependent signaling pathway.     

Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles encapsulate microRNA-34c-5p to ameliorate inflammatory response of coronary artery endothelial cells via PODXL-mediated P38 MAPK signaling pathway

Background and aimsLow-grade chronic inflammation was reported to serve as a distinctive pathophysiologic feature of coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death around the world. Herein, the current study aimed to explore whether and how microRNA-34c-5p (miR-34c-5p), a miRNA enriched in extracellular vesicles (EVs) originated from the activated platelet (PLT-EVs), affects the inflammation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs).Methods and resultsHCAECs were established as an in vitro cell model using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). miR-34c-5p, an abundant miRNA in PLT-EVs, can be transferred to HCAECs and target PODXL by binding to its 3′UTR. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments of miR-34c-5p and podocalyxin (PODXL) were performed in ox-LDL-induced HCAECs. Subsequently, HCAECs were subjected to co-culture with PLT-EVs, followed by detection of the expression patterns of key pro-inflammatory factors. Either miR-34c-5p mimic or PLT-EVs harboring miR-34c-5p attenuated the ox-LDL-evoked inflammation in HCAECs by suppressing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). By blocking the P38 MAPK signaling pathway, miR-34c-5p-mediated depletion of PODXL contributed to protection against ox-LDL-induced inflammation. In vitro findings were further validated by findings observed in ApoE knock-out mice. Additionally, miR-34c-5p in PLT-EVs showed an athero-protective role in the murine model.ConclusionAltogether, our findings highlighted that miR-34c-5p in PLT-EVs could alleviate inflammation response in HCAECs by targeting PODXL and inactivation of the P38 MAPK signaling pathway.     

铜绿假单胞菌及其L型诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌及其L型感染诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡的能力,比较两者的差异。方法用Annexin V FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测铜绿假单胞菌及其L型感染血管内皮细胞2、4、6、8与10h后各时间段的细胞凋亡率,Giemsa染色观察细胞形态变化判断细胞受损情况。结果铜绿假单胞菌及其L型能诱导血管内皮细胞发生凋亡,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P <0.05）;L型诱导细胞的凋亡率弱于原菌（P <0.05）。结论铜绿假单胞菌及其L型可诱导血管内皮细胞发生凋亡,与细菌致病性相关;铜绿假单胞菌L型较原菌诱导细胞凋亡的能力减弱。     

细胞色素P450基因多态性对他克莫司临床应用的影响

肝移植是终末期肝病患者最有效的治疗手段,而免疫抑制剂的应用是影响患者移植术后长期存活的关键。本文介绍了最常用的免疫抑制剂——他克莫司的作用机制,以及细胞色素P450基因多态性对他克莫司应用影响的最新研究进展。为临床上合理使用他克莫司,减少相关并发症的发生,提高肝移植患者的长期生存率提供参考。     

Advanced glycation end products depress function of endothelial progenitor cells via p38 and ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Objective  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play divergent roles in the process of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of AGE-human serum albumin (AGE-HSA) on receptor expression for AGEs (RAGE) and EPCs apoptosis. Methods  The human mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured in M199 medium containing rh-VEGF (30 ng/ml), rh-b-FGF(6 ng/ml) and 20% NBCS for 8 days. The adhesive EPCs were sequentially harvested after 24 h synchronization and challenged with AGE-HSA (concentration range from 0 to 300 μg/ml) for 24 h and 200 μg/ml AGE-HSA (time range from 0 to 36 h). EPCs apoptosis and migration were determined, expressions of RAGE, phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of EPCs were quantified by fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR and Western-blot, effect of AGE-HSA on NF-κB activtiy was determined by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) in the presence and absence of special MAPK pathways pathway inhibitors. Results  AGE-HSA upregulated the expression of RAGE, this effect could be significantly inhibited by p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK inhibitor, but not by JNK MAPK inhibitor. AGE-HSA also promoted EPCs apoptosis and inhibited EPCs migration and increased NF-κB activity, these effects could be significantly attenuated by the anti-RAGE neutralizing antibody as well as by p38 and ERK MAPK inhibitors. Conclusion  AGE-HSA could promote atherosclerosis by upregulating EPCs RAGE expressions and promoting EPCs apoptosis via p38, ERK MAPK pathways, activation of NF-κB might also play a role in this process. C. Sun and C. Liang contributed equally to this work. Returned for 1. Revision: 13 December 2007 1. Revision received: 20 February 2008 Returned for 2. Revision: 7 March 2008 2. Revision received: 9 June 2008     

淡色库蚊细胞色素P450 CYP4E2r6基因的克隆、表达及鉴定

目的克隆并表达鉴定淡色库蚊细胞色素P450(CYP4E2r6)基因。方法根据昆虫细胞色素P450氨基酸保守序列设计一对简并引物，采用RT—PCR，从淡色库蚊四龄幼虫mRNA中扩增出目的基因片段。产物经T—A克隆、测序、比对，在抗性品系高表达的CYP4E2r6亚克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6P1，在大肠杆菌BL21中进行原核表达。将细菌总蛋白进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定。结果14个阳性克隆中9个为CYP4新序列，由GenBank登录上网(GenBank／NCBI CB074944—51、CB270837，2003年)；经鉴定属CYP4家族CYP4H、CYP4E、CYP4J亚家族；CYP4E2r6基因已成功表达。结论获得的CYP4E2r6融合表达蛋白为进一步研究CYP4基因与抗药性之间的关系奠定基础。     

细胞色素氧化酶P450与中毒性肝损伤

细胞色素氧化酶P450（cytochrome P450，CYP450）是一组结构和功能相关的超家族基因编码的同工酶，主要存在于生物体的内质网内，是混合功能氧化酶中最重要的一种酶系。CYP450主要参与多种内源和外源性化合物氧化、还原代谢，在肝脏的解毒功能中起关键作用，但此一过程亦可生成有毒的活性物质（如自由基、亲电子基等），导致肝损伤。近年来随着研究的不断深入，CYP450这一致肝损伤特性日益受到关注，对其功能活性的广泛研究将有利于探明中毒性肝损伤的发病机理，并为临床干预提供重要线索。本文拟对CYP450与中毒性肝损伤的关系的最新研究进展作一综述，以便于今后的临床和科研工作。