低渗与等渗造影剂对外周血管介入患者发生造影剂肾病的比较研究

目的:对比低渗性造影剂与等渗性造影剂对外周血管介入治疗患者发生造影剂肾病(CIN)的影响。方法:入选2012年1月1日至2013年12月31日间,北京安贞医院血管外科行介入治疗的下肢缺血患者170例,随机分成低渗性造影剂组(欧乃派克)和等渗性造影剂组(威视派克),终点事件是血清肌酐升高44.2μmol/L以上或相对于基线水平升高25%的患者比例。结果:欧乃派克组(n=98)和威视派克组(n=72)发生CIN者分别为26(26.5%)及20(27.8%)例,发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.856);且对于合并肾功能不全患者,两组CIN发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.587)。结论:在外周血管介入治疗的下肢缺血患者中,等渗与低渗性造影剂所致CIN发生率类似,等渗性造影剂未显示优越性。     

前列地尔对合并糖尿病的冠心病患者介入治疗中造影剂肾病的预防作用研究

目的分析冠心病合并糖尿病患者介入治疗中前列地尔预防造影剂肾病的作用。方法选择该院2016年4月—2017年4月接收的冠心病合并糖尿病患者116例,均给予介入治疗,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组58例,观察组预防性应用前列地尔,对照组仅常规治疗,观察造影剂肾病发生情况,分别于术前、术后3 d检测两组患者肾功能。结果术前,观察组肾功能指标值与对照组相近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后,观察组造影剂肾病发生率、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)低于对照组,肾小球滤过率(GFR)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床行介入方式治疗冠心病合并糖尿病患者时,预防性应用前列地尔后,可降低造影剂肾病发生率,并保护患者肾功能,效果良好。     

大剂量他汀联合水化对老年慢性肾功能不全患者造影剂肾病的影响

目的 探讨短期应用大剂量他汀联合水化治疗对合并慢性肾功能不全的老年冠心病患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的防治效果.方法 选择2011年1月至2012年6月在我院心内科住院的262例合并慢性肾功能不全的老年冠心病患者(年龄≥60岁).入选患者行经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)术前随机(随机数字表法)分为对照组135例、大剂量他汀联合水化治疗组(试验组)127例两组,测定PCI前后血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素C、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平和肾小球滤过率(GFR).结果 试验组患者PCI术后SCr、血浆胱抑素C及hs-CRP水平均显著低于对照组患者,而术后GFR高于对照组[(210.4±40.1)μmol/L比(221.3±36.2)μmol/L,P＜0.01; (6.5±1.6)mg/L比(72±2.1)mg/L,P＜0.05;(6.8±2.5)mg/dl比(7.9±.2.4)mg/dl,P＜0.05; (64.1±113)ml/min比(58.9±10.8)ml/min,P＜0.05];试验组患者造影剂肾病发生率亦显著低于对照组患者[14 (11.02％)比35(25.92％),P＜0.01].多因素logstic回归分析显示,胱抑素C及hs-CRP水平对合并慢性肾功能不全的老年冠心病患者CIN的发生具有预测意义,而短期大剂量他汀联合水化治疗则对降低CIN的发生有保护作用.结论 对合并慢性肾功能不全的老年冠心病患者,PCI术前短期给予大剂量他汀类药物联合水化可以显著减少CIN的发生.     

脂质体携载前列腺素E1对冠心病合并糖尿病患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用

目的 探讨脂质体携载前列腺素E1(PGE1)对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用.方法 选取行冠脉造影或介入治疗的合并糖尿病的冠心病患者198例,随机分为对照组和PGE1组.PGE1组在常规治疗的基础上予PGE1 20μg+生理盐水20ml静脉注射,1次/d,共10 d,比较两组造影前、造影后48 h、5d血肌酐(Scr)、尿素(BUN)、胱抑素C(CysC)水平及造影剂肾病发生率等.结果 造影后48 h、5dScr、BUN、Cys C等在PGE1组分别为(113.92±54.89)μmmol/L、(7.85±4.05)mmol/L、(1.38±0.34)mg/L和(86.72±35.26)μmmol/L、(6.61±3.09 )mmol/L、(1.29±0.29)mg/L优于对照组(129.22±50.18)μmmol/L、(9.26±3.95) mmol/L、(1.56±0.23)mg/L和(109.83±31.76)μmmol/L、(8.07±3.11)mmol/L、(1.37±0.21)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).经直线相关分析,造影剂剂量与BUN、Scr呈显著正相关(r=0.74,P＜0.05; r=0.82,P＜0.01).结论 PGE1对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病有预防作用.     

对比剂碘克沙醇对轻中度肾功能不全伴Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清肌酐的影响

目的:观察对比剂碘克沙醇(威视派克) 对肾功能不全并发糖尿病患者血清肌酐的影响,以探讨其临床使用的安全性。方法:选取2009年1月20日~2010年4月20日于我院行心血管造影的Ⅱ型糖尿病并发轻-中度肾功能不全的患者84例,观察术前、术后各项指标的变化,对造影前后数据进行配对资料统计分析。结果:术后3 d血清肌酐（SCr）较基线水平显著增加［(97±20) μmol/L vs.(95±20) μmol/L,P<0.05］,术后2 d SCr:(95±21) μmol/L,术后3 d较术后2 d SCr略有升高（P<0.05）。结论:碘克沙醇用于Ⅱ型糖尿病并发轻-中度肾功能不全的患者仅轻度增加SCr,使用是安全的。     

合并慢性肾功能不全的心绞痛患者冠状动脉介入治疗中应用血管内超声替代碘对比剂的可行性

目的探讨合并慢性肾功能不全的心绞痛患者的冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中应用血管内超声(IVUS)替代碘对比剂的可行性。方法入选慢性肾功能不全合并不稳定性心绞痛患者51例,分为常规治疗组和IVUS指导组。常规治疗组使用碘对比剂,按照常规操作完成手术;IVUS指导组不使用碘对比剂,依据IVUS检查结果完成PCI治疗。主要终点为IVUS替代造影剂指导PCI治疗的成功率,次要终点包括患者PCI术后肾脏功能变化、并发症发生率、心绞痛缓解情况等。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析。结果 51例患者中,常规治疗组30例,IVUS指导组21例。2组均成功完成PCI手术,手术成功率和操作成功率差异无统计学意义。2组术前的估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)[(46.3±20.4)和(39.7±13.2)L/(min·1.73 m~2),P=0.201]和血肌酐(SCr)[(167.2±57.4)和(156.3±44.3)μmol/L,P=0.469)差异无统计学意义。常规治疗组术后24 h SCr值较术前显著升高[(210.3±100.9)和(167.2±57.4)μmol/L,P=0.002],对比剂肾病发生率显著高于IVUS指导组(37%和0%,P0.001)。IVUS指导组术后24 h SCr值比常规治疗组显著降低[(144.6±41.9)和(210.3±100.9)μmol/L,P=0.007]。结论心绞痛合并慢性肾功能不全的患者,有选择性地使用IVUS替代碘对比剂完成冠状动脉血管病变的评估和介入治疗是可行的。     

维生素C预防老年肾功能不全患者造影剂性肾病的临床疗效

目的探讨对拟行冠状动脉造影的老年基础肾功能不全患者应用维生素C预防造影剂性肾病的安全性和临床疗效。方法本研究为单中心前瞻性随机对照临床试验,连续入选132例血清肌酐≥11mg/L(97.2μmol/L)拟行冠状动脉造影的老年患者,随机分为两组。干预组(n=70)在水化基础上于造影前经静脉予维生素C3g及造影后口服维生素C0.5g2次/d,连服2d;对照组(n=62)仅生理盐水水化;所有患者均于术前及术后接受常规水化,观察术后患者的肾功能及心血管事件。结果维生素C干预组与对照组,在主要终点指标即术后48h内血清肌酐峰值变化上,两组之间无显著性差异(0.2±1.7)vs(0.3±2.2)mg/L,P=0.625;在次要终点即造影剂性肾病的发病率上,维生素C干预组较对照组低,但无显著性差异(5.6%vs8.1%,P=0.594)。两组患者在院内临床预后及住院时间上无明显差异。结论对于行冠脉造影的老年基础肾功能不全患者短程应用大剂量维生素C有降低造影剂性肾病发生的趋势。     

单次大剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙对高龄冠心病患者介入术后造影剂肾病的影响

目的探讨术前给予单次大剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙对高龄冠心病患者PCI术后造影剂肾病(CIN)的影响。方法选取我科住院择期行PCI的高龄冠心病患者58例,随机分为试验组30例和对照组28例。所有患者采用标准治疗和给予瑞舒伐他汀钙5mg/d的基础上,试验组术前12～24h瑞舒伐他汀钙加量至10mg顿服。观察2组患者术前及术后24、48及72h血清肌酐、肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、肌酸激酶、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)及CIN的发病率。结果 2组术前血清肌酐、eGFR、cTnI、肌酸激酶、ALT、hs-CRP及AST水平比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。与术前比较,2组不同时间点血清肌酐明显升高,术后72hhs-CRP明显下降,且对照组术后48h、72h血清肌酐[(78.9±13.7)μmol/L vs(69.9±12.9)μmol/L;(88.3±15.8)μmol/L vs (69.8±13.6)μmol/L]及术后72hhs-CRP[(5.9±1.3)mg/L vs (5.3±1.6)mg/L]明显高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组不同时间点eGFR均明显低于术前,且术后48h及72heGFR明显低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。试验组术后24hcTnI明显升高[(0.083±0.212)μg/L vs (0.065±0.126)μg/L,P0.05],术后48及72h逐渐下降,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组术后不同时间点cTnI明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。试验组发生CIN 1例,对照组发生CIN 4例,试验组CIN发病率明显低于对照组(3.3%vs 14.3%,P=0.035)。2组均未见明显的不良反应。结论PCI术前给予单次大剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙能够减轻肾功能的损伤、减少CIN的发生率,预防老年冠心病患者PCI术后并发症的发生。     

不同CRRT方法对减少冠心病合并肾病患者PCI术后造影剂肾病的疗效分析

目的 探讨不同连续肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的冠心病合并慢性肾功能不全患者肾功能改善的临床疗效分析。方法 选取2016年1月（与内文不符）[]至2017年8月在我院进行PCI治疗的肾病患者56例作为研究对象,分为两组,普通组28例实行CRRT治疗时间为PCI术后的12小时,加强组CRRP治疗的时间为PCI术前24 h及PCI术后12 h内。将两组患者慢性健康情况、急性生理情况、造影剂肾病（CIN）发生率、血肌酐水平进行比较。结果 普通组与加强组患者一般资料无明显差异。加强组患者CIN发生率比普通组明显减少(7.14% 比39.28%,P< 0.01)。普通组患者PCI术后24 h血肌酐水平比PCI术前增加［(308.14±45.08)μmol/L比 (254.59±80.44)μmol/L, P=0.02］;PCI术后48 h、72 h血肌酐水平与PCI术前差别不大[(232.49±20.12)μmol/L 比 (247.52±54.81)μmol/L 比 (254.59±80.44)μmol/L, P>0.05]。加强组患者PCI术后24 h血肌酐水平与PCI术前无明显差异[(274.04±71.06)μmol/L比 (286.65±53.04)μmol/L,P>0.05];加强组患者PCI术后48 h、72 h血肌酐水平比PCI术前明显减少［(220.12±23.87)μmol/L比 (286.65±53.04)μmol/L,P=0.01］、［(250.17±44.20)μmol/L比 (286.65±53.00)μmol/L,P=0.02］。结论 实施PCI术前、术后均进行CRRT取得的效果比实施PCI术后进行CRRT的效果更好,能够减少造影剂肾病发生。     

前列地尔对糖尿病合并冠心病介入治疗中造影剂肾病的预防效果

目的 分析前列地尔对糖尿病合并冠心病患者介入治疗中造影剂肾病的预防效果。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年2月期间收治的200例接受经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）治疗的冠心病患者,按简单随机化分为两组,即对照组100例,采用规范的水化治疗;观察组100例,在对照组基础上采用前列地尔治疗;比较两组术后造影剂肾病发生情况,观察患者手术前后肾功能指标变化情况。结果 观察组介入术后造影剂肾病发生率1.00%低于对照组的11.00%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组术后72 h肾功能相关指标及血清炎症表达均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 前列地尔可减少糖尿病合并冠心病患者介入治疗后造影剂肾病的发生,对患者肾脏功能起到一定保护作用。     

Pseudoaneurysm of coronary artery following rupture of coronary artery during coronary angioplasty.

Rupture of the coronary artery is a rare complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We describe a case of coronary artery rupture during PTCA resulting in the formation of a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by percutaneous spring-coil embolization of the coronary artery.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

冠状动脉256排CT与冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断比较

目的冠状动脉256排CT成像技术与冠状动脉造影检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的诊断比较。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月内蒙古兴安盟人民医院心血管内科疑似冠心病患者50例,其中男性29例,女性21例,年龄37~68岁。先行冠状动脉256排CT扫描及图像后处理,后行冠状动脉造影检查,将两结果进行对比分析。结果以冠状动脉狭窄≥50%者为阳性。冠状动脉256排CT诊断冠心病灵敏度为40.00%,特异度98.18%,阳性预测值88.89%,阴性预测值81.82%,正确指数38.18%,符合率82.67%,KAPPA值46.28%。结论冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病准确性优于冠状动脉CT。冠状动脉CT可对冠心病患者进行初筛诊断。     

经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉复杂病变的介入治疗

目的　探讨复杂冠状动脉病变经桡动脉穿刺途径行介入治疗的成功率和并发症。方法　 184例复杂冠状动脉病变的冠心病心绞痛患者中 ,经桡动脉穿刺组 4 6例 ,对照组为经股动脉穿刺者 138例 ,观察两组手术成功率、术后并发症等情况。结果　经桡动脉组手术成功率为 92 .2 % ,与经股动脉组 (94 .9% )相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。但术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率 ,经桡动脉组明显少于经股动脉组 (10 .8% vs 2 8.3% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;术后卧床时间也明显短于经股动脉穿刺组 (P<0 .0 1)。而经桡动脉组从穿刺开始至指引导管放置成功所需的时间长于经股动脉组(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　经选择的冠状动脉复杂病变经桡动脉途径介入治疗具有较高的成功率。经桡动脉途径术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率低。     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of coronary artery embolism

A 35-yr-old woman with known valvular heart disease presented with acute myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated a totally occluded distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Though initially successful, angioplasty ultimately failed to maintain arterial patency, leaving a more distal total occlusion after several balloon inflations. In spite of this, PTCA possibly provided a more localized infarction via a peripheral mobilization of the embolus.     

Clinical trials of coronary revascularization: coronary angioplasty vs. coronary bypass grafting

In the absence of diabetes mellitus, rates of survival and of survival free of myocardial infarction (MI) are almost identical among patients with multivessel disease assigned to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) versus those assigned to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after 6.5 to 8 year follow-up period. Additional revascularization occurs 2.5 to 4.5 times more frequently in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina is no longer statistically different between the two treatment groups. The excess health care costs of bypass surgery, which are important early after revascularization, almost disappear 5 to 8 years later. In patients with single vessel disease, survival free of MI is also comparable in both treatment groups at 5 years. Additional revasculariztion occurs two to four times more often in PTCA-treated than in CABG-treated patients and prevalence of angina does not differ between the two treatment groups. Thus, in nondiabetic patients with multivessel disease, the choice of a revascularization strategy rests on the patient's and treating physician's preference between the invasive nature of bypass surgery and the risk of recurrent procedures. In patients with single vessel disease, these long-term data suggest that bypass surgery is at least as safe and effective as coronary angioplasty and therefore may be a treatment option in selected cases.     

冠脉微循环与冠心病

冠心病急性心肌梗死的再灌注治疗是现代医学发展的里程碑,它使被动、保守治疗转为积极、主动的血运重建,随着包括静脉溶栓、冠状动脉内溶栓、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)、冠状动脉内支架置入术以及冠状动脉搭桥术等再灌注治疗技术的成熟、普及,挽救了无数患者的生命.