An aesthetic value scale of the rorschach

An aesthetic value scale of the Rorschach cards was built by means of the Successive Interval method (N = 100). Cards IV and I obtained the lowest scale values, Cards V, VI, II and VII formed a cluster with similar values that were more positive than the previous two. Card III was located in the middle, and Cards VIII, IX and X obtained the highest scores. This scale was compared with the ratings obtained by means of the Semantic Differential Scales. The agreements and disagreements between both methods were underlined. The scale was found to successfully differentiate sexes in their judgment of cards attractiveness.     

Knee scores in a 'normal' elderly population

Many scoring instruments are now available for assessment of outcome after knee replacement. We performed a community study to record the three most frequently used knee scores in the UK in a 'normal' elderly population with no history of knee, hip, spine or lower limb disorder. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Bristol Knee Score (BKS), and American Knee Society Score (AKSS) were recorded in 100 volunteers whose mean age was 72 years. Normalised median scores in this population were 97% (42-100), 96% (69-100) and 98% (46-100), respectively. Significant negative correlations were found to exist between knee score and increasing age (P<0.001) and presence of coexistent 'major' medical conditions (P<0.001). The 'function' component of each score was the aspect of the score most influenced by these demographic variables. Comparison of outcomes after knee replacement on the basis of knee scores should take account of demographic variables.     

Quality of online information for the general public on COVID-19

ObjectivesTo analyse the quality of information included in websites aimed at the public on COVID-19.MethodsYahoo!, Google and Bing search engines were browsed using selected keywords on COVID-19. The first 100 websites from each search engine for each keyword were evaluated. Validated tools were used to assess readability [Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES)], usability and reliability (LIDA tool) and quality (DISCERN instrument). Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analyses.ResultsEighty-four eligible sites were analysed. The median FRES score was 54.2 (range: 23.2−73.5). The median LIDA usability and reliability scores were 46 (range: 18−54) and 37(range:14−51), respectively. A low (<50 %) overall LIDA score was recorded for 30.9 % (n = 26) of the websites. The median DISCERN score was 49.5 (range: 21–77). The DISCERN score of ≤50 % was found in 45 (53.6 %) websites. The DISCERN score was significantly associated with LIDA usability and reliability scores (p < 0.001) and the FRES score (p = 0.024).ConclusionThe majority of websites on COVID-19 for the public had moderate to low scores with regards to readability, usability, reliability and quality.Practice ImplicationsPrompt strategies should be implemented to standardize online health information on COVID-19 during this pandemic to ensure the general public has access to good quality reliable information.     

Personality dimensions reflected by the Rorschach and the 16PF

This study examined the relationships between Rorschach variables and the 16PF in a sample of 62 university students. Good form level was associated with ego strength, and Popular responses were associated inversely with a scale of rebelliousness. The results did not support some hypotheses, for example, that the Difference score, inanimate movement, and diffuse shading would correlate with 16PF indicators of good coping. On the contrary, the Difference score was associated with a scale that suggests anxiety. Further examination revealed that EA, M, and M+ also were associated with 16PF scales of guilt and anxiety. FC+, T, and to a lesser extent S, were associated with indications of good, relatively anxiety-free functioning.     

Behavioral specificity in the rorschach human movement response: A comparison of strippers and models

The presence of exhibitionism in actively exhibitionistic strippers and passively exhibitionistic models was confirmed when it was discovered that 40 out of 43 subjects produced at least one exhibitionistic (EXH) response on the Hand Test, which purportedly measures behavior. Subsequently, based on highly reliable ratings, it was found that the strippers produced significantly more active exhibitionistic human movement (M) respones on the Rorschach and the models more passive exhibitionistic M. This finding was interpreted as confirming Piotrowski's position that M represents reasonably specific overt behaviors. Implications were discussed, and an attempt was made to integrate past research on the Rorschach M score within the context of these findings.     

Relations between visual and auditory continuous performance tests in a clinical population: a descriptive study

Increased interest in auditory continuous performance tests (CPTs) exists despite the absence of a clear understanding about this procedure. The relation between auditory and visual CPTs and associations with IQ, achievement, and memory are evaluated in a referred sample of 634 children, ages 5.5 to 17.9. Age effects are found with CPT performance, regardless of modality. Total number correct or number of commissions correlations across tasks were greater than within-task number correct-number of commissions relations. The mean visual minus auditory correct difference score was 7.01; the mean commission difference score was -.85. Difference scores decreased with age and were not consistently related to other measures. Those with the lowest number correct on both CPTs (<25th percentile) were younger and had weaker short-term auditory memory and verbal learning skills; those falling in the problem quartile on commissions (>75th percentile) were younger and had poorer reading, verbal memory, and verbal learning. Total error scores (omissions + commissions) were inversely related to age. The auditory CPT has clinical utility, but other factors must be considered.     

The high score approach to scoring two Rorschach measures of cognitive development

This study investigated and compared the validity of the proposed "High Score" (HS) approach to scoring two Rorschach measures of cognitive development, Friedman's Developmental Level (DL) and Exner's Developmental Quality (DQ). These two measures were scored by the HS approach, and the resulting HSDL and HSDQ scores were examined in relation to age and five WISC-R indices of intelligence. These results were compared with those obtained when the same relationships were examined with the previously validated Wilensky (W) approach to scoring DL and DQ. In both instances the same sample was used: 134 children aged 5 to 16 years. The findings supported the validity of the HS approach--both HSDL and HSDQ generally showed the expected relationships with age and IQ. Also, HSDL and HSDQ had higher correlations with the WISC-R indices than did the corresponding WDL and WDQ scores. The HS approach did, however, hinder DQ's (but not DL's) discriminatory power with regard to IQ levels.     

Correlation between objective gait parameters and subjective score measurements before and after total knee arthroplasty

The absence of uniformity, the use of different terminologies, and the diversity of methods used to translate numerical data into clinical outcomes have been described as potential problems when dealing with clinical knee scores for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Gait analysis is believed to provide more objective parameters. The aim of the present study was to obtain information about the correlation between the outcome in terms of locomotion and the clinical knee score after TKA. Thirty consecutive patients awaiting TKA were involved in the study. One day prior to surgery and 3 months postoperatively, data pertaining to the Hospital for Special Surgery Score (HSS) and the Knee Society Score (KSS) (subgroups 'pain', 'knee', 'function' and 'total sum') were analyzed for correlations with kinematic and temporospatial parameters of gait analysis. At a significance-level of p相似文献   

Is SAPS 3 better than APACHE II at predicting mortality in critically ill transplant patients?

OBJECTIVES:

This study compared the accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 with that of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II at predicting hospital mortality in patients from a transplant intensive care unit.

METHOD:

A total of 501 patients were enrolled in the study (152 liver transplants, 271 kidney transplants, 54 lung transplants, 24 kidney-pancreas transplants) between May 2006 and January 2007. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 was calculated using the global equation (customized for South America) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; the scores were calculated within 24 hours of admission. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated to identify the patients at the greatest risk of death according to Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used for statistically significant results and indicated a difference in performance over deciles. The standardized mortality ratio was used to estimate the overall model performance.

RESULTS:

The ability of both scores to predict hospital mortality was poor in the liver and renal transplant groups and average in the lung transplant group (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve = 0.696 for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and 0.670 for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II). The calibration of both scores was poor, even after customizing the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 score for South America.

CONCLUSIONS:

The low predictive accuracy of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores does not warrant the use of these scores in critically ill transplant patients.     

Normative data for elderly African Americans for the Stroop Color and Word Test.

The Stroop Color and Word Test is a measure of executive function that is commonly used in neuropsychological evaluations, but for which there are currently no normative date for elderly African American individuals. The present investigation examined the influence of demographic characteristics on this measure in a community-dwelling sample of 236 elderly African American adults (60-84 years of age). Age, education, gender, and the education by gender interaction were found to affect performance on the Stroop Color and Word Test tasks. Based on these results, normative tables for Stroop Color and Word Test scores, stratified by age and with score adjustments for education and gender, are provided.     

Validity of hypotheses about the father/mother interpretation of Rorschach cards: tested by using a card selecting method

This study tests the validity of hypotheses about the interpretations of Rorschach father/mother cards by having subjects select the cards. The results showed that regardless of the subject's gender, Card IV is far more often selected as the father card. However Card VII is not more often chosen as the mother card, if anything, the Color Cards are usually selected. The result of a correspondence analysis suggest that a certain combination of father and mother cards is more often selected. When the frequency of card selection is applied to the cluster of cards obtained in the study of Fukui et al (2008), the mother card is predominantly selected from the feminine/maternity-cards cluster. However, the father card was selected equally often from three clusters, indicating variation of the father figure. The results indicate the predominance of Card IV as the father card, and also confirm the lack of individuality with Card VII. Therefore, Card IV fulfills prerequisites for the father card hypothesis, while Card VII does not meet the criteria. The results do not support the validity of the hypothesis about the mother card interpretation.     

Fulfilment of preoperative expectations and postoperative patient satisfaction after total knee replacement. A prospective analysis of 200 patients

BackgroundIn total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the association between preoperative patient expectations, their postoperative fulfilment, and satisfaction is not well understood. The aim of this study was to quantify these relationships in a cohort of TKA patients with differing socio-economic backgrounds from across Scotland.MethodsExpectations of 200 patients undergoing TKA were assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Replacement Expectation Score. Postoperatively, expectation fulfilment was assessed at six weeks and one year. Satisfaction was measured using a five-point Likert scale. Preoperative and postoperative scores were compared across satisfaction groups. Relationships between individual and overall expectation fulfilment, satisfaction, and demographics were analysed.ResultsAt six weeks, 30% of expectations were fulfilled, increasing to 48% at one year. Corresponding satisfaction rates were 84% and 89%. Higher fulfilment scores were associated with greater satisfaction. Fulfilment of pain and mobility expectations were most predictive of satisfaction. Expectations of kneeling, squatting, paid work and sexual function went unfulfilled. Preoperative expectations were not related to postoperative satisfaction. Males had higher postoperative fulfilment scores.ConclusionsThis study showed a clear association between fulfilment of preoperative expectations and patient satisfaction following TKA. However, less than 50% of patient expectations were completely fulfilled. While higher fulfilment scores were predictive of greater satisfaction, low overall fulfilment score did not preclude satisfaction. The high correlation of pain and function expectation fulfilment with satisfaction emphasises the need to relate these as appropriate preoperative expectations, while awareness of unfulfilled expectations may allow engagement with and resolution of ongoing concerns and disappointments.     

The validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale with incarcerated offenders

Previous research has shown that the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale reliably predicts the adjustment capacity of various S types to a variety of situations. The present study investigated the efficacy of the RPRS to suggest the adjustment capactiy of prisoners to various aspects of their institutional environment. Twenty-five male inmates of the Petersburg Federal Reformatory served as Ss. Group therapy, dormitory behavior, work progress adjustment ratings, and RPRS scores were obtained for each S. Intercorrelations among the adjustment measures and the RPRS total and component scores revealed no significant correlations between the adjustment measures and the RPRS total score. However, in employing a maximum R stepwise multiple correlation procedure with the RPRS components, significant multiple Rs resulted for two of the three criterion measures. These results were discussed in terms of the earlier research with the RPRS, and suggestions for future research were made.     

全膝关节置换后关节后方复合松解的可行性评价

背景：临床对于膝骨关节炎患者可以实施全膝关节置换治疗,为提高修复效果,促进功能恢复,要采取有效措施改善置换过程中的关节间隙以及置换后的关节活动度。 目的：探讨全膝关节置换后行关节后方复合松解的有效性及可行性。 方法：从两家三甲医院2009年12月至2013年12月收治的行单侧全膝关节置换的膝骨关节炎患者中选择118例进行研究,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。在患者全膝关节置换过程中完成截骨之后,对照组行常规后髁增生骨清理,观察组行关节后方复合松解。观察两组患者置换后伸、屈膝间隙情况和主动屈膝90°和120°所需时间,记录3个月随访时的膝关节功能美国纽约特种外科医院评分以及最大屈膝角度,并进行比较。 结果与结论：经统计和比较,两组患者在屈膝间隙方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但在伸膝间隙、主动屈膝90°、120°所需时间以及最大屈膝角度方面,两组差异均有显著性意义,观察组优于对照组(P均< 0.05)。比较置换后3个月两组患者的膝关节功能美国纽约特种外科医院评分,可得观察组的各项指标得分以及总分均显著高于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P均 < 0.05)。表明全膝关节置换后行关节后方复合松解具有一定的有效性和可行性,可以有效改善置换过程中伸膝间隙以及置换后膝关节活动度,但对置换过程中屈膝间隙方面无明显影响。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Hemoglobin F: relationship to maturity measures in the neonate

The maturity of organ functioning is a key to predicting neonatal prognosis, particularly in preterm babies, and laboratory tests have the potential for providing better information than external exams. This approach was examined utilizing the fetal protein, HGB F. While HGB F itself does not correlate well with current measures of maturity, HGB F/WT was found to correlate very strongly, in a linear relationship with the gestational score (G. Score) obtained from a physical and neurological assessment of the neonate. This relationship was not affected by sex or race in our population. A cut-off value for HGB F/WT of 0.025 was chosen as the difference between mature and immature neonates and the value of the test using that cut-off was determined. Infants were classified as preterm or term based upon G. Score and gestational age (from the mother's last menstrual period) and were further classified depending upon whether the HGB F/WT value indicated a mature or premature infant. Utilizing predictive theory, the test was found to have a predictive value of 0.914 with an overall test efficiency of 0.967. These results indicate that this measurement has potential as a maturity marker in neonates.     

Rorschach hostility content and its relation to anxiety, neuroticism and P-E-N measures.

Assessed the relationships between Rorschach hostility scores and anxiety, neuroticism, overt/covert hostility, intelligence, and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 200 (100 male, 100 female) Indian undergraduates aged 15 to 20 years. There were some indications that high hostility scores on the Rorschach tended to be worldly wise, covertly hostile, independent, stubborn, and poor fakers. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations showed six interpretable factors: Anxiety, Neuroticism, Body measures. Hostility, Psychoticism and Tender-minded, respectively. Further, it was concluded that Eysenck's Psychoticism is factorially a complex measure and that projective and direct verbal measures of hostility seem to be measuring dissimilar constructs. A few hypotheses for independent verification were proposed.     

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autografts with a polyester fixation device

Twenty-nine patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision were evaluated retrospectively between 1992 and 2000. A similar surgical technique was used in all cases. Twenty-six patients underwent revision following failed primary and revision surgery with the ABC scaffold ligament. There were 2 failed primary semitendinosus/gracilis (STG) autografts and one failed bone patella tendon bone (BPTB) autograft. Autologous hamstring tendons (STG) were used in 26 knees, quadriceps tendon in 2 and BPTB autograft in 1 knee. The Mark I Soffix soft tissue fixation device was used in 16 patients and 13 patients underwent reconstruction with the Mark II BH (Button Hole ) Soffix. Follow up evaluation included clinical examination, KT 2000 arthrometric side to side difference (SSD) assessment, Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scoring. The average follow up time was 50±22 months. The overall SSD was 1.66±1.5 mm, a mean Lysholm score of 87.2±12.5 was obtained and 22 patients had an IKDC score of nearly normal (B). In the Mark II (BH Soffix) group knees were significantly tighter than in the Mark I Soffix group (P<0.05) with a mean SSD of 1.23±1.3 and 2.0±1.6 mm, respectively. However there were no significant differences in the other measured parameters between the two fixation devices. Multiply re-operated knees tended to have lower IKDC and Lysholm scores (not statistically significant). We concluded that the technique reported in this study can restore stability to the knee following failed primary or revision ACL reconstruction and the results in the non-multiply operated knees are comparable to primary reconstruction.     

Levocetirizine improves quality of life and reduces costs in long-term management of persistent allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma in collaboration with the World Health Organization initiative reclassified allergic rhinitis, like asthma, by duration and severity. The Xyzal in Persistent Rhinitis Trial is the first large, long-term clinical trial studying patients with persistent rhinitis as defined by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma. OBJECTIVES: Two primary objectives were defined: comparison of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire overall score and Total 5 Symptoms Score (rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, and nasal and ocular pruritus) over a period of 4 weeks between levocetirizine 5 mg and placebo. Secondary endpoints included similar evaluations at 1 week and 3, 4.5, and 6 months, summary scores for a general health status questionnaire (Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36), a pharmacoeconomic assessment, comorbidities, and a safety evaluation. METHODS: The Xyzal in Persistent Rhinitis Trial was a 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational trial in 551 patients. Adults with persistent rhinitis sensitized to both grass pollen and house dust mite were randomized to receive levocetirizine 5 mg/d or placebo. RESULTS: A total of 421 patients completed the full study. Levocetirizine significantly improved both the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire overall score and the Total 5 Symptoms Score from week 1 to 6 months (all P values <.001). Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 summary scores were also improved in the levocetirizine group compared with the placebo group. Treatment cessation because of lack of effect, comorbidities, and overall costs of disease, and comorbidities per working patient per month (160.27 vs 108.18) were lower in the levocetirizine group. CONCLUSION: Levocetirizine was shown to improve quality of life and symptoms and to decrease the overall costs of the disease over the 6-month treatment period.     

The effect of administration method: A comparison of the Rapaport and Exner Rorschach systems

This study compared two Rorschach administration methods across a number of test variables. With a within-subjects, counter-balanced design, 20 female subjects randomly received either an initial Rapaport (Rapaport, Gill, & Schafer, 1968) or an Exner (Exner, 1974, 1986) Rorschach administration. Results showed that the Exner administration produced significantly more Color (C), Shading (Shd), and Blend (B) responses than did the Rapaport administration. Intersystem differences were most prominent on the first presentation of the two administrations. The first Exner administration produced significantly more C, Shd, and Blend responses than did the first Rapaport administration. Findings are discussed in light of their clinical implications, limitations in the experimental design, and suggestions for improving future research.