辐射损伤后小鼠T细胞功能亚群及其IL-4和IFN-γ的变化

目的 观察不同剂量辐射损伤后小鼠T细胞功能亚群、细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ的变化。方法 C57BL/6j小鼠分为假照射组和辐射损伤模型组。采用⁶⁰Coγ线照射诱导辐射损伤模型。吸收剂量分别为0.7、1.4、2.8及5.6 Gy。应用细胞表面标志和细胞内因子标记结合流式细胞仪分析急性照射损伤和损伤恢复期小鼠脾CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞功能亚群,以及细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ的变化。结果 1 辐射损伤后CD3+、 CD4+及 CD8+有明显的减低,其改变幅度与受照剂量有关。2 照射后1 d, IFN-γ降低幅度明显高于IL-4,受照剂量大于2.8 Gy组,IL-4/IFN-γ比值较空白对照组明显升高。3 辐射对淋巴细胞功能亚群、细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ的损伤在照射后25 d有不同程度的恢复,但与假照射组比较仍有明显差别。 结论 电离辐射可使淋巴细胞亚群CD3+,CD4+,CD8+、 CD4+/CD8+、细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ发生改变,并诱发受照小鼠免疫功能低下,特别是使细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ发生失衡,再次证实辐射损伤后小鼠脾Th1/Th2模式向Th2免疫反应漂移的现象。     

小鼠受γ射线全身照射后FL表达变化的研究

目的 FL(fit3 ligand)是一种作用于早期造血细胞的生长因子，为进一步研究FL水平与辐射所致造血损伤的相关性，观察了小鼠受γ射线全身照射后FL的表达变化。方法以^60Coγ射线全身一次性均匀照射所致骨髓型急性放射病小鼠为模型，应用ELISA、流式细胞术、Western blot法检测照射前后小鼠外周血、骨髓、胸腺与脾脏中FL的表达变化。结果 小鼠受2～10Gyγ射线照射后24h，血清中FL浓度即有增加，并且随时间推移FL水平逐渐升高；吸收剂量在2～6Gy之间时，FL的水平随剂量增加而增加。6Gyγ射线照射后24h，外周血白细胞膜表面FL的表达增加，但24h后细胞膜表面FL的表达没有升高。6Gyγ射线照射后24h，骨髓、胸腺和脾脏有核细胞膜表面FL的表达明显升高，总蛋白中FL的水平亦明显增加。结论 辐射后早期小鼠FL可溶性与膜结合型蛋白的水平都有升高，而且辐射后血清中FL的水平与受照剂量及照射后时间存在相关性。     

0.7 MPa氮氧混合气对中枢γ-氨基丁酸能神经功能的影响

目的 观察0.7 Mpa氮氧混合气对中枢γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经活动的影响.方法 采用液体闪烁技术,检测了0.7 Mpa氮氧混合气作用下SK-N-SH神经细胞GABA释放与摄取情况及GABA受体亲和力的变化.并采用半定量RT-PCR检测了GABA受体的mRNA表达变化.结果 0.7MPa氮氧混合气作用下,SK-N-SH神经细胞释放GABA增强,摄取减少,GABA受体亲和力下降,GABA受体mRNA表达无明显变化.结论 0.7 Mpa氮氧混合气作用下,中枢GABA能神经功能减弱.     

亚致死剂量γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏CD95阳性淋巴细胞变…

目的 观察γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的变化规律与ＣＤ９５（Ｆａｓ）表达的关系。方法 采用ＰＩ染色及双荧光流式细胞术研究了不同剂量γ射线照射后不同时间，小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡及ＣＤ９５表达的规律。结果 小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞地不同剂量照射的凋亡敏感性差异有显著性，４Ｇｙ照射后凋亡率最高（在２～６Ｇｙ之间观察），淋巴细胞表面Ｆａｓ的表达随照射后细胞凋亡率的变化而改变，结论脾脏淋巴细胞在辐射后表现阳明显的     

亚致死剂量γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏CD95阳性淋巴细胞变化规律的研究

观察γ射线照射后小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的变化规律与ＣＤ９５（Ｆａｓ）表达的关系。方法采用ＰＩ染色及双荧光流式细胞术研究不同剂量γ射线照射后不同时间，小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡及ＣＤ９５表达的规律。结果小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞对不同剂量照射的凋亡敏感性差异有显著性，４Ｇｙ照射后凋亡率最高（在２～６Ｇｙ之间观察），淋巴细胞表面Ｆａｓ的表达随照射后细胞凋亡率的变化而改变。结论脾脏淋巴细胞在辐射后表现出明显的Ｆａｓ介导的凋亡，Ｂ细胞较Ｔ细胞具有更高的辐射凋亡敏感性。     

60Co-γ射线全身低剂量率辐照对小鼠血浆中IL-12和IL-10的影响

目的研究低剂量电离辐射对小鼠免疫系统影响的剂量率效应。方法以^60Co-γ射线为辐照源，低、中和高3个辐射剂量（0．075、0．5、2．0Gy），恒定剂量率（0．5mGy／min）全身一次性照射小鼠，ELISA检测照射4h后血浆IL-12和IL-10的含量。结果低、中剂量照射后，血浆中IL-12、IL-10和IL-12／IL-10出现程度几乎相同地下降；但高剂量照射后，IL-12进一步显著下降，而IL-10上升至对照组水平，IL-12／IL-10比值进一步下降。结论恒定0．5mGy／min剂量率的^60Co-γ射线照射可损伤机体免疫功能，在0．075～0．5Gy剂量范围内损伤轻微，在2．0Gy时损伤明显，表明低剂量率电离辐射对免疫系统具有损伤作用。     

~(60)Coγ射线全身照射对小鼠脑β肾上腺素能受体的影响

~（６０）Ｃｏγ射线全身照射对小鼠脑β肾上腺素能受体的影响强永刚，王家鑫受体是存在于生物体细胞的一种特殊蛋白质，电离辐射对细胞生物体及其亚单位结构的研究已较多，但辐射对细胞受体的影响研究甚少．受体的放射配基结合分析。利用准确的标记配基作为探针与制得的?..     

X射线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞转铁蛋白受体表达的影响

目的转铁蛋白受体（ＴｆＲ）是Ｔ淋巴细胞受抗原或丝裂原刺激后表达在细胞表面的重要受体之一,与Ｔ细胞的活化和增殖有着密切关系。目前尚未见国内外有关ＴｆＲ辐射效应研究的报道。研究大剂量电离辐射后ＴｆＲ表达的变化及作用,对阐明辐射抑制机体免疫功能的机制有着重要意义。方法本文采用流式细胞术的方法观察了不同剂量Ｘ射线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞ＴｆＲ表达的影响以及４ＧｙＸ射线全身照射后不同时间ＴｆＲ表达的变化。结果０５～６ＧｙＸ射线全身照射后２４小时,脾脏ＴｆＲ阳性细胞数从１Ｇｙ开始随照射剂量的增加而下降,且呈明显的剂量依赖性。４ＧｙＸ射线全身照射后１２～７２小时,脾脏ＴｆＲ阳性细胞数于照后１２小时开始下降,２４、４８小时降至最低值（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,７２小时开始回升。结论大剂量电离辐射抑制小鼠脾细胞ＴｆＲ的表达,并有明显剂量依赖性;ＴｆＲ表达的下降可能与辐射抑制ＩＬ２的分泌和ＩＬ２受体的表达有关。     

低剂量γ射线诱导小鼠细胞不同辐射敏感株对基因突变…

作者用低剂量γ射线预照射同源但辐射敏感性不同的小鼠乳癌细胞ＳＲ－１和ＳＸ－９，观察其对随后较大剂量照射所引起ｈｐｒｔ基因突变的影响。结果，具有辐射抗性的ＳＲ－１细胞经５ｍＧｙ或１ｃＧｙ低剂量预照射后，能显著降低后３Ｇｙ照射诱发的ｈｐｒｔ基因突变频率。而ＤＮＡ双链断裂修复能力缺陷的电离辐射敏感细胞ＳＸ－９，经相同处理后，并不减轻随后的较大剂量照射所诱发的基因突变率。表明ＤＮＡ双链断裂修复缺陷的细胞，     

γ-H2AX分析电离辐射诱发小鼠神经元DNA双链断裂及修复

目的 观察临床剂量的电离辐射后小鼠神经元DNA双链的断裂及修复, 探讨γ-H2AX是否能作为衡量体内正常脑组织神经元DNA双链断裂(DSB)形成和修复的指标。方法 电离辐射诱导DSB形成试验,C57BL/6小鼠行0.1、0.5和1.0 Gy全身照射后10 min,收集脑组织进行分析;DSB修复试验,修复功能正常小鼠(C57BL/6)和修复缺陷鼠(BALB/c, A-T 和SCID)在全身照射2 Gy后0.5、2.5、5、24和48 h收集脑组织进行分析。未照射的小鼠作为对照组。γ-H2AX和NeuN免疫荧光双重染色和免疫组织化学染色分析脑组织神经元DSB形成和修复。结果 DSB形成试验,在对照组脑组织皮质区神经元的细胞核内仅有数目很少的γ-H2AX焦点,而受照射后细胞核内γ-H2AX焦点数目显著增加,并显示出明显的剂量相关。通过分析不同放射敏感性的小鼠电离辐射后脑组织皮质区神经元的DSB修复动力学,发现C57BL/6小鼠细胞核内γ-H2AX焦点随时间的延长迅速减少,在照射后24和48 h仅有很低水平DSB未修复;而免疫缺陷SCID鼠在照射后所有的时间点都显示出γ-H2AX焦点的明显增加,A-T小鼠表现出较低的修复缺陷,主要表现在较晚的时间点(≥5 h)γ-H2AX焦点的中度增加;放射敏感的BALB/c小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠相比γ-H2AX焦点数量轻度增加。结论 γ-H2AX焦点分析可以作为一项精确的量化指标,在体内衡量临床相关剂量电离辐射诱导的DSB形成和修复。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.