西利宾胺预防板式抗痨药肝损害的临床效果观察

目的探讨西利宾胺对初治肺结核患者板式抗痨药物肝损害的预防效果。方法256例初治肺结核分为观察组和对照组,均应用“2H3R323E3／4H3R3”方案抗结核治疗,观察组加用西利宾胺,对照组加用肝泰乐。结果观察组药物性肝损害发生率为4．6％;中断抗结核化疗为0．8％;与对照组的17．5％、15．9％比较,均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论西利宾胺可显著降低初治肺结核患者抗结核药物肝损害的发生率,提高肺结核病人规则化疗率。     

可予宁预防抗结核药物肝损害临床观察

目的观察可予宁对初治菌阳肺结核患者抗结核药物肝损害的预防效果。方法选择2004-01/2005-10门诊和住院治疗的初治菌阳肺结核87例,分为2组,在抗结核药物化疗的同时服用可予宁为观察组,服用肝泰乐为对照组,进行回顾性分析。结果观察组药物性肝损害发生率为9·3%,需中断抗结核化疗的病例占4·7%,对照组分别为25·0%,20·5%。2组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论可予宁可显著降低初治菌阳肺结核患者抗结核药物肝损害的发生率,减少因抗结核药物所致肝损害而造成的不规则化疗。     

五酯胶囊防治抗结核药物肝损害的临床观察

目的　观察五酯胶囊对抗结核药物所致肝损害的防治效果。方法 初治肺结核179例,给予2HRZS(E)/4～10HR抗结核治疗,治疗组96例,全程加服五酯胶囊;对照组83例,全程加服葡醛内酯。结果 治疗组出现肝损害7例(7.3%),其中HBsAg阳性患者出现肝损害5例(11.4%);对照组出现肝损害32例(38.6%),其中HBsAg阳性患者出现肝损害20例(52.6%)。两组差异显著(P<0.01)。HBsAg、HBeAg阳性患者在抗结核治疗中肝功能更容易受损害。结论 五酯胶囊在防治抗结核药物所致肝损害的发生是有效的,尤其是HBsAg阳性的结核病患者。     

螺旋藻加转移因子辅助治疗复治肺结核疗效观察

目的　观察螺旋藻加转移因子辅助治疗复治肺结核疗效。方法 将 192例涂阳复治患者随机分为治疗组 (100例)和对照组 (92例)。 2组化疗方案相同,治疗组在化疗同时加螺旋藻胶囊 3粒口服,3次/d;转移因子 3mg,皮下注射,2次 /周。结果 9月末痰菌阴转率,治疗组 92%,对照组73.9%(P＜0.01);X线胸片病灶吸收好转率和空洞闭合率治疗组分别为 88%和 76%,对照组分别为 73.9%和 5 9.8%(P＜0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组 (分别为 6%和 26%,P＜0.01)。结论 两药联合辅助治疗复治肺结核有效,并可降低抗结核药物不良反应的发生率。     

硫酸卷曲霉素超声雾化吸入联合抗结核药物治疗复治菌阳肺结核的近期疗效观察

目的评价硫酸卷曲霉素(CPM)超声雾化吸入联合抗结核药物治疗复治菌阳肺结核的疗效。方法126例复治菌阳肺结核患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,2组均予以合理抗结核化疗方案,治疗组加用卷曲霉素超声雾化吸入治疗。结果经过3个月的治疗,治疗组的痰菌阴转率为82.5%,肺部病变吸收总有效率为93.7%,空洞闭合或缩小的总有效率为93.7%;对照组的痰菌阴转率为61.9%,肺部病变吸收总有效率为73.0%,空洞变化总有效率为80.9%;治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论并用卷曲霉素超声雾化吸入治疗复治菌阳肺结核疗效优于对照组,值得进一步研究。     

复方甘草酸苷对抗结核药物性肝损害的疗效观察

目的观察复方甘草酸苷对抗结核化疗而引起的药物性肝损害的疗效。方法87例初治菌阳肺结核患者随机分为观察组和对照组,均应用“2H3R323E3（S3）／4H3R3”方案抗结核化疗,观察组加用复方甘草酸苷,对照组加用肝泰乐。结果观察组在肝功能改善方面优于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组与对照组总有效率分别89．4％、67．5％、（P〈0．01）。结论复方甘草酸苷可显著降低初治菌阳肺结核患者的抗结核药物性肝损害,减少因抗结核药所致肝损害而造成的不规则化疗。     

西利宾胺预防抗结核药所致肝损害的临床观察

目的 探讨西利宾胺预防抗结核药引起肝损害的疗效.方法 在我所接受抗结核治疗的患者486人,分为观察组,238例,对照组248例,两组均给予2RHZE/4RH方案抗结核治疗,观察组同时加服西利宾胺治疗,对照组加服肌苷治疗.结果 观察组发生肝损害21例(21/238)占8.8％,对照组发生肝损害64例(64/248)占25.8％两组比较P＜0.05.结论 西利宾胺能较好预防治疗抗结核药引起的肝损害,值得临床推广运用.     

螺旋藻预防抗结核药物引起肝损害的临床观察

目的　为降低抗结核药物肝损害,观察螺旋藻预防肝脏损害的作用。方法 螺旋藻与抗结核药物联合应用,螺旋藻胶囊3粒口服,每日3次,服用6个月。结果 螺旋藻治疗组6个月末肝损害发生率为2.4%,对照组为15.5%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。螺旋藻无毒副作用。结论螺旋藻与抗结核药物联用可显著降低抗结核药物肝损害的发生率,值得临床进一步研究。     

化学药物联合免疫调节剂治疗复治肺结核的疗效观察

目的　观察化学药物联合免疫调节剂治疗难治、复治肺结核的临床效果。方法 226例涂阳病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,两组化疗方案相同,治疗组加用卡介菌多糖核酸,观察疗效。结果复治涂阳治疗组痰菌阴转率80.0%,对照组65.2%;其中耐多药结核病治疗组痰阴转率61.5%,对照组16.7%。经统计学处理皆有显著性差异 (P＜0.05)。结论 治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,化学药物联合免疫调节剂是治疗耐多药结核病及其他难治、复治病例的有效措施。     

国产固定剂量复合剂治疗肺结核的临床近期效果观察

目的　评价国产固定剂量复合剂异烟肼利福平吡嗪酰胺/异烟肼利福平(2HRZ/4HR)的抗结核疗效及不良反应。方法 将81例初治菌阳肺结核患者,随机分为治疗组(2HRZ/4HR)和对照组(2HRZ/4HR),观察近期痰菌阴转率、X线病灶改变及不良反应。结果 治疗组和对照组2月痰菌阴转率分别达82.5%和65.7%;满疗程痰菌阴转率各为100.0%和88.6%;胸部X线明显改善,治疗组和对照组病灶吸收分别占92.7%和94.3%,两组空洞闭合率分别为63.2%和62.5%;治疗组和对照组各有2例和4例肝功异常。结论 国产固定复合剂是一种安全、高效、易被患者接受、具有推广应用前景的抗结核药物。     

复方柳菊胶囊对老年初治涂阳肺结核的近期疗效观察

目的观察和评价复方柳菊胶囊在老年初治涂阳肺结核治疗中的近期疗效。方法采用随机配对分组法将58例初治涂阳老年肺结核患者分为治疗组(30例),对照组(28例)。两组化疗方案为2HRZE/4HR,治疗组加用复方柳菊胶囊治疗3个月。结果复方柳菊胶囊能加快初治涂阳老年肺结核患者痰菌阴转、病灶吸收,降低肝损率及肝损程度,显著缓解临床症状。结论复方柳菊胶囊在初治涂阳老年肺结核治疗中近期效果显著,与标准化疗联合具有明显的协同作用。     

两种抗结核板式组合药治疗老年肺结核的依从性及疗效分析

目的 观察两种抗结核板式药对老年肺结核的疗效.方法 120例老年肺结核患者强化期分别服用抗结核板式组合药A1和A6,对两组患者强化期内的不良反应(胃肠道反应、肝功能损害、外周血白细胞减少)、化疗方案调整情况及疗效(2月末痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收好转率、空洞缩小或闭合率)进行对比分析.结果 A1组严重胃肠道反应、肝功能损害、外周血白细胞减少的发生率分别为38.3%、18.3%、16.7%,A6组分别为21.7%、15.0%、10.0%,化疗方案调整率A1组为55.0%,A6组为35.0%,其中严重胃肠道反应的发生率及化疗方案调整率统计学上有显著性差异.A1组2月末痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收好转率、空洞缩小或闭合率分别为66.7%、81.5%、64.2%,A6组分别为59.0%、77.0%、60.9%,两组相比统计学上均无显著性差异.结论 抗结核板式组合药A1和A6治疗老年肺结核疗效相似,但服用A6的依从性优于A1.     

蛋白质营养不良对抗结核药物肝损害的影响

目的 探讨合并蛋白质营养不良的肺结核病患者使用抗结核药物后对肝功能的影响.方法 选取2012年9月至2015年3月我院收治的250例肺结核合并蛋白质营养不良的患者作为观察组和同期住院治疗的250例肺结核非合并蛋白质营养不良的患者作为对照组,整理患者相关临床资料.两组患者均采用常规抗结核药物治疗,观察并比较两组患者治疗第1个月和第2个月后患者肝损害的情况以及采用单因素分析观察组患者中年龄、性别、肝炎病毒和病灶范围与抗结核药物治疗后肝损伤的相关关系.结果 观察组患者治疗第1个月后肝损害的发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.691,P＜0.05),而治疗第2个月后肝损害的发生情况差异无统计学意义(x2=1.109,P＞0.05);两组患者治疗第2个月后肝损害的发生率均明显低于治疗第1个月后,差异有统计学意义(x2=23.859、5.554,P值均＜0.05);观察组患者中性别、乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、结核病灶的范围以及患者的年龄与患者抗结核药物治疗后是否发生药物肝损害不存在特定的相关关系(x2=2.084、0.703、1.473、0.119,P值均＞0.05).结论 肺结核病患者合并蛋白质营养不良能明显升高抗结核药物治疗后肝损害的发生率,因此需对患者的肝功能进行密切监测,及早进行临床干预,并注意改善患者的营养状况,减少肝损害的发生.     

抗结核治疗合并HBV感染的结核病患者肝损害的发生与治疗

目的探讨抗结核治疗合并HBV感染的结核病患者肝损害的发生与处理。方法将823例结核病患者分为不伴HBV感染(A组)、HBsAg阳性/HBV DNA阴性(B组)、HBsAg阳性/HBV DNA阳性(C组和D组)。A、B、C三组均采用抗结核治疗,D组在抗结核治疗前1周即加用核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒治疗,分析肝功能损害发生的特点。结果 A组、B组、C组和D组患者肝损害发生率分别为28.1%、32.1%、65.4%和29.2%,C组与其余三组比,相差显著(x2=16.97,P0.001);A组、B组、C组和D组患者半月内肝损害发生率分别为5.7%、22.2%、70.6%和14.3%,C组与其余三组比,相差显著(x2=67.66,P0.001)。结论抗结核治疗合并HBV DNA阳性的结核病患者肝损害发生率高,发生时间早,肝损害程度重。及时应用核苷(酸)类似物抗病毒治疗,可明显降低肝损害发生率和程度。     

白介素-2联用短化治疗50例伴发乙肝初治涂阳肺结核疗效观察

目的　提高伴发乙肝初治涂阳肺结核治疗疗效,减少副作用产生。方法 采用IL2联用2SHRZ/4H₃R₃方案治疗50例伴发乙肝初治涂阳肺结核,并以同期用2SHRZ/4H₃R₃和一般护肝药治疗23例作为对照。结果 治疗6月末IL-2组痰菌阴转率、HBeAg和HBVDNA的转阴率分别为96.0%、70.4%和71.4%,明显高于对照组的65.3%、8.3%和14.3%(P<0.01),并且前者肝功损害发生率和停药率均为0,要明显低于后者的26.1%(P<0.01),2年随访IL2组痰菌复发率、HBeAg和HBVDNA的转阴率分为0、10.5%和10.0%,与对照组6.7%、0和50.0%无明显差别(P<0.05)。结论 IL-2有较好抗痨、抑制乙肝病毒复制和间接改善肝脏病变,降低抗痨药物肝功损害作用,值得临床进一步探讨。     

The impact of antituberculosis drugs upon liver function in patients with positive HBVM

Through the liver function analysis of 100 tuberculosis cases in the course of antituberculosis chemotherapy the authors found that the abnormal liver function rate turned to be 50% in the positive HBVM Group but only 2.4% in the negative, HBVM Group. There is a significant statistical difference between the two groups of cases (P less than 0.01). For this reason, the authors suggested the HBVM should be determined one by one before taking the antituberculosis chemotherapy in the area with high incidence of B-type hepatitis, the data indicated clearly that, the abnormal phenomena of liver function after the antituberculosis treatment for those patients, mainly caused by the drugs.     

Evidence that antituberculosis drugs are really effective in the treatment of pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium avium complex

Successful chemotherapy of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex by antituberculosis drugs has been reported by a number of investigators. However, no certain evidence of the efficacy has yet been demonstrated in a controlled clinical trial. The present study has approached this problem in 2 ways: serial analysis of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) during treatment and correlation of response to therapy with initial MIC. It was observed that after administration of antituberculosis drugs (rifampin, isoniazid, kanamycin, enviomycin, and minocycline), MIC values for the M. avium complex strain increased significantly. This change may be considered a result of suppression of relatively susceptible bacteria and as evidence of the efficacy of drugs. Furthermore, a correlation between the MIC values determined before chemotherapy with the conversion of sputum to negative was shown. The M. avium complex strains varied markedly in their susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs, and these susceptibilities were correlated with the chemotherapeutic effect. The fate of patients seemed to be greatly influenced by the susceptibilities of the strains that caused infection.     

Combined chemotherapy of toxic hepatitis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]

The follow-up involved patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis who developed toxic medicamentous hepatitis associated with antituberculosis drugs. They were treated by the method of combined pharmacotherapy which comprised sodium nucleinate (0.5 g 4 times daily), splenin (2 ml twice a day) and quercetin. The given combination of drugs rapidly improved clinical parameters and normalized immunologic tests.     

100例初治涂阳肺结核伴有乙肝患者两种化疗方案效果分析

目的探索初治涂阳肺结核伴有乙肝患者的最佳治疗方案。方法观察组和对照组患者按肺结核病确诊时间顺序先后依次分组，观察组采用2DTLFXE／4DT方案治疗50例，对照组采用2HRZE／4HR方案治疗50例，两组观察项目和所使用护肝药物完全相同。结果观察组治疗至2月末其痰菌阴转率为92％、，肝损害发生率为16％，停药率为4％。而对照组2月末痰菌阴转率为82％，肝损害发生率52％，停药率为32％。两组相比观察组显著优于对照组（P〈O．01）。结论2DTLFXE／4DT治疗方案具有肝损害发生率低、停药率低、疗效确切而安全，值得临床进一步探讨。     

Outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated with ofloxacin/levofloxacin-containing regimens

OBJECTIVE: To analyze outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treated with ofloxacin/levofloxacin-containing regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 1990 through June 1997, 63 MDR-TB patients (with bacillary resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin in vitro) were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-two patients (34.9%) had had no previous antituberculosis chemotherapy. Each patient received either ofloxacin (53) or levofloxacin (10) even though 13 patients had bacilli resistant to ofloxacin in vitro. The other accompanying drugs mainly included aminoglycosides, cycloserine, ethionamide/prothionamide, and pyrazinamide. Sputum smear and culture examinations for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were performed monthly for the initial 6 months and then at 2- to 3-month intervals until the end of treatment. Comparison was made between clinical successes and failures using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses for the following variables: age, sex, presence of cavitation, extent of disease, sputum smear positivity, in vitro resistance to ofloxacin, in vitro resistance to streptomycin and/or ethambutol, treatment adherence, and the number of drugs per regimen. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (81.0%) were cured, nine patients (14.3%) failed, and three patients (4.7%) died. For the entire group, the mean duration of treatment was 14.0 months, and the mean number of drugs was 4.7. Mean durations of chemotherapy in successful and failed patients were 14.5 and 14.2 months, respectively. Mean time for sputum smear and culture conversions were 1.7 and 2.1 months, respectively. Only cavitation, resistance to ofloxacin, and poor adherence were found to be variables independently associated with adverse outcomes (p < 0.05; odds ratios = 15.9, 13.5, 12.8, respectively). Negative sputum cultures after 2 and 3 months of therapy were 100% predictive of cure. Positive sputum cultures after 2 and 3 months were 52.3% and 84.6% predictive of failure, respectively. One patient (2.1%) relapsed after apparent cure. Twenty-five patients experienced adverse drug reactions, but only 12 of them needed drug modifications. CONCLUSION: Most MDR-TB patients can be treated effectively with ofloxacin/levofloxacin-containing regimens. Presence of cavitation, resistance to ofloxacin in vitro, and poor adherence to therapy portend treatment failure. Monitoring monthly sputum culture for AFB in the initial months of chemotherapy helps predict clinical outcomes.