肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌的各种手术方式.方法:回顾分析21例肝门部胆管癌的手术方式及治疗效果.结果:根治性切除7例(其中合并肝叶切除2例,胰十二指肠切除1例),姑息性切除11例(其中内引流8例,外引流3例),单纯剖腹探查3例.随访14例,随访率达66.7%,根治性切除组存活时间为8~33个月,平均为16个月,现仍存活1例;姑息性手术组存活时间为2.5~20个月,平均8个月;单纯剖腹探查组均在术后3个月内死亡.结论:对肝门部胆管癌应尽量行根治性切除或扩大切除术,对不能切除者应争取行内、外引流术.     

肝门部胆管癌多种术式的疗效分析

肝门部胆管癌又称高位胆管癌或Ｋｌａｔｓｋｉｎ瘤,因其解剖部位特殊,手术切除非常困难。我院自１９８８年１月至１９９７年１月收治肝门部胆管癌５４例,进行了手术治疗。其中单纯探查术７例;切除术（包括根治性切除及姑息性切除）２３例;各种姑息性引流减黄手术２４例。单纯探查术病人多于３个月内死亡;肿瘤切除的病人生存期３个月到４年以上,平均２４－６个月。姑息性引流病人术后都有不同程度的减黄,生存期３－３个月至２５个月,平均９－４个月。临床资料本组５４例,其中男３８例;女１６例。年龄最大８０岁,最小３５岁,以４…     

56例肝门部胆管癌外科治疗体会

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法和外科治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2006年1月间对56例肝门部胆管癌诊疗的临床资料及随访结果.结果 应用B超及MR等多种影像学技术对肝门部胆管癌的定位诊断率100%.56例行手术治疗,其中探查术5例,内、外引流术23例,均于术后2～15个月死亡.切除术28例(50.0%),行根治性切除24例(42.9%).中位生存期为29个月,姑息性切除4例,中住生存期为12个月.结论 超声检查联合MRCP能对肝门部胆管癌的定位诊断及评判手术切除有重要价值;根治性切除是改善肝门部胆管癌疗效的重要措施.     

老年性肝门部胆管癌诊治分析

目的研究分析老年肝门部胆管癌诊断与治疗经验。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院肝胆外科1993年1月至 2004年12月收治的133例老年性肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料和随访情况。结果根治性切除37例,姑息性切除35例,胆道引流45例;其它手术3例,非手术组13例。根治性切除率30．8％(37／120)。术后37例出现并发症,并发症发生率为30．8％。1 例死于术后肝肾功能衰竭。根治组,姑息性切除组1、2、3年生存率分别为82．3％,66．1％,66．1％与82．9％,56．8％,37％,引流组与未手术组无1例存活15个月。结论老年肝门部胆管癌患者首选肿瘤切除术,了解老年肝门部胆管癌的特点．加强围手术期处理是手术的前提和生活质量的关键。     

肝叶切除术在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用

目的探讨肝叶切除术在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析了１９９１年１月～１９９５年１２月间收治的５２例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果５２例中手术切除１７例,切除率３２７％,手术死亡率为５９％。切除组中１４例兼行不同范围的肝叶切除,其中８例为治愈性切除,治愈性切除组与姑息性切除组平均生存期为２１１个月和７５个月（Ｐ＜０．０５）。切除组与引流组疗效有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论联合肝叶切除术可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈性切除率,改善术后病人的预后。     

联合肝叶及肝门部血管切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 探讨联合肝叶及肝门部血管切除在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院肝胆外科2008年1月-2011年12月手术治疗的74例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料.74例患者均行手术探查,手术根治性切除33例(44.6％),其中26例联合部分肝切除及血管切除重建;行姑息性切除19例(25.7％);行内引流或外引流术22例(29.7％).结果 联合肝叶及肝门部血管切除的根治性切除组的中位生存时间为27个月,姑息性手术组的中位生存时间为14个月,引流手术组中位生存时间为9个月;根治性切除术的1、2、3年生存率分别为79％、64％、49％;姑息性手术组1、2、3年生存率分别为56％、25％、19％;引流手术组1、2、3年生存率分别为23％、15％、0.结论 根治性切除组的生存率较姑息性手术及引流手术组明显提高,合并肝叶、肝门血管切除可提高肝门胆管癌的手术根治率和生存率;联合肝叶切除有利于肝门胆管癌的根治性切除,提高生存率.     

肝叶切除术在肝门胆管癌手术中应用的价值

目的探讨联合肝叶部分切除在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用价值.方法对42例行手术治疗的肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果42例患者中有34例行肿瘤切除术,其中局部切除15例,右半肝切除8例,左半肝切除3例,左半肝切除联合尾叶切除4例,左肝外叶切除联合尾叶切除1例,方叶切除3例,总体手术切除率为81%.其中25例根治性切除,包括8例局部切除,及17例联合肝叶部分切除,根治性切除率为60%.根治性切除组的中位生存期28个月,姑息性手术组的中位生存期14个月,根治性切除术的1年生存率为90%,2年生存率73%,4年生存率28%,姑息性手术1年生存率为57%,2年生存率27%.结论根治性切除的生存率比姑息性手术显著提高,联合肝叶部分切除能明显提高根治性手术的切除率.     

BismuthⅢ和Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌的整块切除

目的提高肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率和远期生存率。方法对12例BismuthⅢ型和Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌患者施行包括部分肝脏、受侵门静脉和肝动脉在内的整块切除。结果术后病理证实9例(75%)获根治性切除,3例(25%)为姑息性切除。术后发生胆漏、肝功能不全和肺部感染各1例,无严重并发症和手术死亡。中位随访5年。9例获根治性切除者1年、3年、5年存活率分别为88.8%(n=8)、55.6%(n=5)和44.4%(n=4),最长存活已达9年。获姑息性切除(n=3)和同期仅放置胆道内支架者(n=5),平均中位生存8.2和9.1个月。结论肝门部胆管癌合并左肝叶和受侵门静脉干联合整块切除能显著提高BismuthⅢ型和Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除率。只有获得根治性切除的患者才有可能长期生存。     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗162例分析

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断方法 和外科治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999年9月至2006年9月肝门部胆管癌手术治疗162例临床资料及随访结果 .结果 应用MR多种显像技术对肝门部胆管癌的定位及定性诊断率100%(86/86).162例行手术治疗,其中探查术12例,内、外引流术56例,均于术后2～15个月死亡.切除术94例,手术切除率为58%(94/162),行根治性切除62例(17例联合肝动脉重建),中位生存期为29个月,姑息性切除32例,中位生存期为12个月.结论 应用MR多种显像技术对肝门部胆管癌的定位及定性诊断率高,能较准确地评价肝门部胆管细胞癌的手术可切除性.根治切除是改善肝门部胆管癌疗效的重要措施;肝动脉重建可以减少术后并发症的发生.     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的外科手术治疗的方法及其效果。方法对96例肝门部胆管癌患者外科手术治疗的方法及疗进行回顾性分析。根治性切除术33例,姑息性切除17例,内和外引流46例。结果手术病死率9.4%,各组间差异无统计意义。手术切除率52%,其中根治性切除率34%;根治性切除、姑息性切除、内引流和外引流组术后生存时间为30、17、13、2.9个月。结论根治性切除是肝门部胆管癌有效的治疗手段,对无法行根治性切除者以内引流为首选治疗方法,能提高患者术后生活质量,延长生存期。     

Hiläres Cholangiokarzinom

The increasingly performed en bloc resection of liver and hilar tumor has contributed to the improvement of long-term survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Based on preoperative definition of operative strategy we tried to avoid any traumatization of the hilar region. Between September 1997 and September 2002, 82 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated at our department. Three patients were excluded from any surgery. The resection rate was 75% (59 of 79); 79% (38 of 48) of en bloc resections of the hilar tumor and adjacent liver were formally curative. The hospital mortality was 7%. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of patients after explorative laparotomy, palliative and curative resection was 27 and 7%, 67 and 26%, 89 and 45% ( p<0.001), respectively. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of patients after en bloc resection were 78 and 49%, respectively. In patients with formally curative en bloc resection ( n=38), the 3-year survival rate was 63%; in patients with N0/R0 resection ( n=31) it was 71%. Lymph node involvement proved to be the only independent prognostic marker if patients who underwent hilar and en bloc resection were included in the multivariate analysis. The R situation was the only significant predictor for patients after en bloc resection. These data justify the extended diagnostic work-up and the principal liver resection in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

联合门静脉切除的肝门部胆管癌根治切除术

目的观察联合门静脉切除在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的作用，以进一步提高肝门胆管癌的治疗效果。方法总结1990年3月至2002年3月我院收治的78例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果本组联合门静脉切除12例，其中门静脉分又部联合左半肝切除3例，门静脉主干切除6例，门静脉侧壁切除修补术3例；术后肝肠吻合13漏、肝功能衰竭死亡1例；其余11例病人术后随访6个月至6年，平均19个月，其中最长的1例已存活6年。结论联合门静脉切除可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后。     

54例肝门部胆管癌手术切除技术体会

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗中提高根治切除率和减少并发症发生率的经验。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2004年12月手术切除肝门部胆管癌病例的临床资料及随访结果。结果 本组共54例患者切除肝门部胆管癌,切除率63．5％（54／85）。其中合并肝切除14例;合并胰头十二指肠切除3例;合并门静脉壁部分切除2例;合并肝固有动脉切除2例,重建1例。根治手术为30例。手术根治切除率由27．0％（2001年以前）提高到41．7％（2001年后）,严重并发症如肝功能衰竭、感染的发生率以及围术期死亡率均得以良好控制。总体1、2、3年生存率为67．4％、28．1％和13．5％,根治手术1、2、3年生存率分别为86．5％、36．4％和23．7％,姑息切除1、2年生存率分别为41．2％和17．6％。结论 提高肝门部胆管癌的手术技巧能够显著改善根治切除率,降低严重并发症发生率。     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: resectability and radicality after routine diagnostic imaging

Background/Purpose En-bloc resection has contributed to the improvement of long-term survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In addition, attenuation of intraoperative traumatization of the tumor may decrease tumor spread. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of a routine diagnostic workup for the surgical strategy, radicality, and results in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Between September 1997 and December 2002, 82 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated at our department. Preoperative diagnostic workup included endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results of preoperative and retrospective (blinded) assessment of diagnostic data concerning the tumor growth along the bile ducts were compared with the results of surgery.Results The resection rate was 75%, and the hospital mortality, 7%. The prospective assessment of the resection to be performed was correct in 81% of cases. In ERC, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), and PTC, tumor assessment was precise in 29%, 36%, and 53%, of cases, respectively. Overestimation occurred more frequently than underestimation. The 3-year survival of patients with formally curative or palliative en-bloc resection was 61% and 15%, respectively. For the 9 patients with hilar resection, the 3-year survival was 25%. Survival of patients was comparable, regardless of whether their tumor had been correctly assessed or over- or underestimated. In the multivariate analysis, R0 resection was the only significant prognostic factor (P = 0.011).Conclusions Our routine diagnostic approach led to high resection and survival rates. Obviously a sophisticated diagnostic workup is not an absolute prerequisite for adequate surgery.     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma—surgical anatomy and curative resection

We have studied the surgical anatomy of the intrahepatic bile duct, hepatic hilus, and caudate lobe based on intraoperative findings and selective cholangiography of surgical patients and resected specimens, and have established the cholangiographic anatomy of the intrahepatic subsegmental bile duct. Thorough knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the subsegmental bile duct, hepatic hilus, and caudate lobe is indispensable for curative surgery of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. We designed and actually performed 15 kinds of hepatic segmentectomies with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile buct resection in 100 consecutive patients, with curative resection being possible in 82 patients. Postoperative survival after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was better than expected, and the 5-year survival rates for all 82 patients with curative resection and for 55 patients with curative surgery without portal vein resection were 31% and 43%, respectively. Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection should be designed not only in accordance with the preoperative diagnosis of tumor extension into the intrahepatic bile ducts but also so that curative surgery for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be performed.     

Effectiveness of Radiation Therapy After Surgery for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Purpose Some studies suggest that giving radiation therapy after surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma improves the survival rate; however, many of these studies did not specify numbers of subjects or provide an impartial analysis. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment after surgery and attempted to establish appropriate adaptation standards.Methods We reviewed the records of 69 patients who underwent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between June 1980 and April 1998. Thirty-nine patients were treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy and 30 were treated with surgery alone.Results The clinicopathologic features that might have influenced prognosis were similar in the patients who received radiation therapy and those who did not. Radiation as adjuvant therapy did not have a beneficial effect on overall survival (P = 0.554, log-rank test); however, it tended to improve survival in the group of patients who underwent curative resection for with p-stage III or IVa disease (P = 0.042, log-rank test).Conclusions Radiation therapy after surgery did not show any clinical benefits for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, it may be effective as adjuvant therapy after curative resection in a small subgroup of patients with p-stage III or IVa disease.     

Portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains a difficult challenge for the surgeon. Achieving negative surgical margins when resecting this relatively uncommon tumor is technically demanding as a result of the close proximity of the bile duct bifurcation to the vascular inflow of the liver. A recent advance in surgical treatment is the addition of portal vein resection to the procedure. Resection of the portal vein increases the number of patients offered a potentially curative approach but is technically more difficult and may increase the risk of the procedure. This study reviews the results of portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Between 1998 and 2005, 60 patients underwent potentially curative resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Mean patient age was 64 +/- 12 years (range, 24-85 years). Liver resections performed along with biliary resection included 49 trisegmentectomies (37 right, 12 left) and 10 lobectomies (8 left, 2 right). One patient had only the bile duct resected. Four patients also had simultaneous pancreaticoduodenectomy performed. Twenty-six patients required portal vein resection and reconstruction to achieve negative margins, 3 of which also required reconstruction of the hepatic artery. Operative mortality was 8 per cent with an overall complication rate of 40 per cent. Patients who underwent portal vein resection had an operative mortality of 4 per cent, which was not different from the 12 per cent mortality in patients who did not undergo portal vein resection (P = 0.39). There was no difference in actuarial patient survival between patients who underwent portal vein resection and those who did not (5-year survival 39 per cent vs. 41 per cent, P = not significant). Negative margins were achieved in 80 per cent of cases and were associated with improved survival (P < 0.01). Five-year actuarial survival in patients undergoing resection with negative margins was 45 per cent. There was no difference in margin status or long-term survival between those patients who underwent portal vein resection and those who did not. Only negative margin status was associated with improved survival by multivariate analysis. Portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe and allows a chance for long-term survival in otherwise unresectable patients.     

合并肝动脉切除重建的肝门部胆管癌根治术

目的观察肝动脉切除重建在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的价值。方法1998年1月至2005年12月计收治125例肝门部胆管癌，其中行肝动脉切除13例，对该资料进行分析。结果在行肝动脉切除13例中，同时合并门静脉切除重建3例，其中部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合左或右半肝及尾状叶切除10例，局部切除联合肝固有动脉切除1例，部分肝固有动脉＋右或左肝动脉切除联合扩大左或右半肝及尾状叶切除各1例，肝动脉切除后未重建2例。术后胆肠吻合口漏4例，围手术期肝功能衰竭死亡1例，其余12例病人术后随访4个月至6年，平均20个月，其中最长的1例已存活5年5个月。结论肝动脉切除重建可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率，改善术后病人预后；肝脏大部切除联合肝动脉切除在中、重度黄疸病人须重建动脉血供。     

肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的总结肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌中应用的临床经验。方法回顾分析1998年至2003年收治118例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果118例中66例实施了姑息性治疗;52例实施根治性切除手术,其中联合肝切除者47例,肝切除中11例实施了联合门静脉切除和重建。行肝切除者术后并发症发生率为22．9％,合并门静脉切除者为27．3％;1、3年的存活率仅行肝切除者和合并门静脉切除者分别为85．7％、31．4％和81．8％、27．8％,2组差异无统计学意义。姑息治疗组仅5例存活超过3年（7．58％）,无5年生存者。结论门静脉浸润不是肝门部胆管癌手术的禁忌证,肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建提高其治愈切除率,改善术后患者的预后。     

磁共振多种显像在肝门部胆管癌术前肿瘤切除可行性的评估

目的　探讨MRI ,MRCP ,MRA对肝门部胆管癌的诊断价值及术前评估肿瘤切除的可行性。方法　对MR等显像技术诊断为肝门部胆管癌的 78例患者 ,根据肿瘤浸润范围、血管受累情况、有无肝叶萎缩及远处转移等指征 ,进行术前影像学评估 ,并通过与手术和病理对比 ,了解该显像方法对肝门部胆管癌手术与否作出评判的价值。结果　术前评估不能手术切除的 2 1例中 ,10例行手术治疗 ,术中发现及病理学检查与术前评估一致 ,证实不能切除 ,仅行引流。术前评估为潜在手术切除可能的 5 7例均行手术探查 ,肿瘤的定性、定位诊断的准确率为 10 0 % ;手术切除 40例 ( 70 .2 % ) ,其中 2 9例 ( 5 0 .9% )行治愈性切除 ,11例姑息性切除 ;其余 17例不能手术切除 ,原因包括术前漏诊门静脉管壁破坏 3例 ,肝动脉受侵 5例 ,术中发现腹腔内器官和 /或淋巴结转移 7例 ,肝实质广泛浸润 2例。结论　应用MR多种显像技术对肝门部胆管细胞癌的定位及定性诊断率高 ,并能较准确地评价肝门部胆管细胞癌的手术可切除性。肿瘤不能切除的主要原因在于肿瘤的转移和局部血管的侵犯。