肝硬变和原发性肝癌患者HCV与HBV标志物分析

目的探讨肝硬变（ＬＣ），原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）发生和发展与ＨＣＶ及ＨＢＶ感染的关系．方法ＨＣＣ２８例，ＬＣ４８例和对照组５０例，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法同步检测ＨＢＶ及ＨＣＶ的６项血清标志物（Ｍ）．结果ＨＣＣ，ＬＣ及对照组ＨＢＶ＿Ｍ的阳性率分别为７５０％，８１３％和４００％；ＨＣＶ＿Ｍ的阳性率分别为７１％，２０８％和２０％．ＨＣＣ，ＬＣ中ＨＢＶ＿Ｍ阴性患者ＨＣＶ＿Ｍ阳性率为１２５％．ＨＣＶ与ＨＢＶ重叠感染者占ＨＣＣ和ＬＣ全部患者的１３２％．结论ＨＣＣ，ＬＣ发生和发展与ＨＢＶ及ＨＣＶ病毒感染密切相关，重叠感染者肝功能损害及临床失代偿程度更严重．     

HCV基因分型和不同型HCV重叠HBV感染临床分析

ＨＣＶ基因分型和不同型ＨＣＶ重叠ＨＢＶ感染临床分析颜学兵魏来吴文漪徐州医学院附属医院传染科江苏省徐州市２２１００２Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｇｅｎｏｔｙｐｅ；ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣｖｉｒｕｓｅｓ／ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓ；ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣ／ｃｏｍｐ...     

慢性HCV感染者IFN治疗前后血清HCV RNA水平

目的评价ＩＦＮ对丙肝患者病毒血症水平的作用．方法竞争性逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＣＲＴＰＣＲ）法定量检测１２例慢性ＨＣＶ感染者（男８例，女４例，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性，ＡＬＴ异常持续６个月以上）ＩＦＮ治疗（ＩＦＮａ２ｂ３ＭＵ，肌注，３次／周，疗程３个月）前后（随访６个月）血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平．结果慢性ＨＣＶ感染者１２例，３例呈完全反应，６例呈部分反应，另外３例无反应．９例有反应者中４例复发，有反应者治疗结束时血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平明显下降（５１７±０４０８ｖｓ２０６±１５５，１０ｃｏｐｉｅｓ／５０μｌｓｅｒｕｍ，ｘ±ｓ，Ｐ＜００５），无反应者血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平未见明显下降（５６７±０５８ｖｓ４５±０８７，ｘ±ｓ，Ｐ＞００５）．３例完全反应者仅１例血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ持续阴性，３例无反应者２例血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平略有下降．结论ＩＦＮ治疗丙肝有效，但ＩＦＮ不能有效清除病毒，仅抑制病毒复制，未见治疗前血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平与复发与否有关．     

抗污染RT-PCR检测HCV RNA的研究

目的研究与解决ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ过程中常见的产物污染问题．方法以稀释的含ｄＵＴＰ的ＰＣＲ产物加入ＲＴＰＣＲ反应的不同阶段以模拟ＰＣＲ产物污染，再采用尿苷酶以清除污染的ＰＣＲ产物分子．结果在检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的套式ＰＣＲ反应中，假阳性结果主要是由于ＰＣＲ终产物在实验过程中的任何阶段污染所引起，但污染的模板分子仅在第２次ＰＣＲ反应时扩增．将ＨＣＶＲＮＡ套式ＰＣＲ检测试剂盒中的第２次ＰＣＲ反应液中加入一定量的ｄＵＴＰ，可使反应终产物核酸分子上含有ｄＵＴＰ．此后，在每进行第２次ＰＣＲ反应前，均在每３０μｌ反应体系中加入尿苷酶１Ｕ，３７℃消化１ｈ，然后９４℃１０ｍｉｎ灭活尿苷酶，即可降解其中含ｄＵＴＰ的污染核酸分子．结论此法能消除同一实验室内套式ＰＣＲ终产物的污染，防止假阳性结果的出现．     

血液透析患者HCV感染的危险因素

目的 研究血液透析患者HCV感染的相关因素。 方法 血清采自血透前、血透后2-60月的10例肾衰患者,用ELISA检测抗HCV,用PCR法检测HCV,RNA和HCV基因型。 结果 10例患者透析前无HCV感染。透析后2-60月,3例抗HCV阳性(30％),2例HCV RNA阳性(20％),其基因型均为HCVⅡ型。10例患者中7例有输血史,其中4例(57％)HCV感染,所有抗HCV阳性和HCV RNA阳性患者均有输血史。而无输血史的3例患者未见HCV感染。两组有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。HBV感染与HCV感染无相关性。 结论 反复输血是血透患者感染HCV的高危因素,长期血液透析是参考因素。     

住院患者血清抗─HCV的检出率

住院患者血清抗＿ＨＣＶ的检出率季建梅１李金星２１济南军区总医院１皮肤科２血库山东省济南市２５００３１主题词肝炎病毒组，丙型／免疫学肝炎抗体／分析供血者住院病人ＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣｖｉｒｕｓｅｓ／ｉｍｍｕｎｏｌｏｇｙｈ...     

输血后乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的前瞻性调查

目的 了解输血所致ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染现状及ＨＢｓＡｇ抗ＨＣＶ和ＡＬＴ筛检供血的效果。方法 对１３８例输血者输血前，后１，３，６，９个月血清标本及其供血检测ＨＢｓＡｇ，抗ＨＢｓ，抗ＨＢｃ，抗ＨＣＶ和ＡＬＴ，并对部分血清标本用ＰＣＲ及巢式ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，结果和结论 输血后ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染率分别为１．４％（２／１３８）和３４．８％（４８／１３８），输血后乙型和丙型肝炎发生     

献血员HIV感染者合并感染HCV、HBV的调查分析

献血员ＨＩＶ感染者合并感染ＨＣＶＨＢＶ的调查分析张华林１姚国科２尹玉忠１李安玲１刘荣花１郭丽梅１Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｂｌｏｏｄｄｏｎｏｒｓ；ＨＩＶｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ／ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ；ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣ／ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔ...     

Virology analyses of HCV genotype 4 isolates from patients treated with simeprevir and peginterferon/ribavirin in the Phase III RESTORE study

Simeprevir is a hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor. Hepatitis C virus baseline NS3/4A polymorphisms and emerging mutations were characterized in treatment‐na?ve and treatment‐experienced genotype 4‐infected patients treated with simeprevir+peginterferon/ribavirin in the RESTORE study. Population sequencing of the NS3/4A region was performed and in vitro simeprevir activity against site‐directed mutants or chimeric replicons with patient‐derived NS3 protease sequences was assessed in a transient replicon assay. Simeprevir remained active against most (83/91 [91%]) baseline isolates tested in the chimeric replicon assay. Eight baseline isolates reduced simeprevir activity; these carried I132L or D168E substitutions reducing simeprevir median activity by 4.6‐ and 39‐fold, respectively. Six of these eight isolates were from patients achieving sustained virologic response. Baseline NS3 Q80K polymorphism was not observed in the genotype 4‐infected patients. Of the 107 simeprevir‐treated patients, 37 did not achieve sustained virologic response for any reason. Of the 32 patients who failed treatment and had sequencing information, 28 (88%) had emerging mutations at NS3 positions 80, 122, 155, 156 and/or 168 at time of failure, similar to those in genotype 1. Emerging mutations were mainly D168V and D168E alone or combined with mutations at position 80. In general, isolates obtained at time of failure displayed high‐level in vitro resistance to simeprevir (fold change ≥50) in a chimeric replicon assay with a median simeprevir fold change value of 440, consistent with observed mutations. In conclusion, emerging mutations in genotype 4 patients failing simeprevir+peginterferon/ribavirin treatment were similar to those in genotype 1 and conferred high‐level resistance to simeprevir.     

聚合酶链反应技术对丙型肝炎病毒感染献血员的筛查

目的 对国内献血者丙型肝炎病毒“窗口期”感染的PCR筛查技术应用的调查。方法 卫生部临床检验中心组织全国12家血站，按统一标准采集上万份样品，分为两组，分别为A组（7173份）和B组（7477份），使用试剂按统一标准进行了本项调查研究，其中基因拷贝数≥10^3拷贝数/ml判为阳性。结果 A组中阳性样本数为21，百分比为0.29%，B组中未检测到阳性样本数。结论 血站有必要采用PCR技术筛查丙型肝炎病毒“窗口期”感染的献血者。但需规范采血术方法和评价适合血站筛查用的试剂。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者2型糖尿病并发率调查及其基因型特征分析

目的通过调查慢性丙型肝炎患者2型糖尿病并发率及其与所感染丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）基因型的关系。进一步探讨糖尿病是否为丙型肝炎的肝外表现之一。方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应和聚合酶链反应一微板核酸杂交酶联免疫技术对308例慢性丙型肝炎、305例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行乙型肝炎病毒、HCV定性．定量检测和HCV基因型分析并比较其与对照人群糖尿病并发率的差异。结果慢性丙型肝炎患者糖尿病并发率为32．79％，明显高于慢性乙型肝炎（9．84％）及对照组（8．39％）。合并糖尿病的慢性丙型肝炎患者血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素水平显著高于未合并糖尿病者，且以1b型HCV的感染率为最高，占40．59％，与未合并糖尿病者相比差异有统计学意义。结论慢性丙型肝炎患者糖尿病并发率高，以1b型多见，且病情相对较重。     

PCR检测献血员乙肝感染状况

目的对部分献血员中乙型肝炎感染状况进行调查．方法用ＰＣＲ法对检查合格的２９０份献血血样进行ＨＢＶ＿ＤＮＡ检测．结果本组２９０份血样中ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｇ全部呈阴性．１６７例ＨＢＶＭ阳性；其中８０例单项抗ＨＢｓ阳性，５０例单项抗ＨＢｃ阳性，１９例抗ＨＢｓ和ＨＢｃ两项阳性，１２例抗ＨＢｅ和抗ＨＢｃ两项阳性；６例抗ＨＢｓ，抗ＨＢｅ和抗ＨＢｃ三项阳性，而ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率在各组中分别为８８％（７／８０），２６０％（１３／５０），１０５％（２／１９），７５０％（９／１２），３３３％（２／６）．１２３例ＨＢＶＭ阴性，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的阳性率为１６％（２／１２３）．２９０例中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的总检出率为１２１％（３５／２９０）．结论合法献血员中存在着乙肝病毒感染者．     

维持性血透患者HBV和HCV感染的原因与预防

目的调查我院维持性血液透析患者HBV和HCV的感染状况及影响因素。方法按接受维持性血液透析的时间先后,将435例患者分为4组:第一组16例,透析时间≥10年;第二组47例,5年≤透析10年;第三组184例,1年≤透析5年;第四组188例,透析1年。采用酶联免疫分析法测定HbsAg和抗-HCV。结果在435例患者中,HBV感染80例(18.4%),HCV感染33例(7.6%);第一组HCV感染14例(87.5%),明显高于第二、第三和第四组(14.9%,2.7%和3.7%,P0.01);第四组HBV感染44例(23.4%),显著高于第一、第二和第三组(0.0%,17.0%和15.2%,P0.01)。结论血液透析患者是HBV和HCV感染的高危人群,透析时间、输血和透析器复用等是医院感染的重要危险因素。     

既往有偿献血(浆)人群中艾滋病毒与丙型肝炎病毒共感染研究

我们通过对我国中部地区90年代中期因有偿献血感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的300例患者的血液标本进行HIV、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的血清学和分子生物学检测，了解有偿献血HIV感染人群的HCV共感染率、共感染者流行病学和基因型分布特征。     

Scotomas in molecular virology and epidemiology of hepatitis C virus

In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanzees and progress was slow until the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C virus(HCV)in 1989.Since then,research and treatment of HCV have expanded with the development of modern biological medicine:HCV genome organization and polyprotein processing were delineated in 1993;the first three-dimensional structure of HCV nonstructural protein(NS3 serine protease)was revealed in 1996;an infectious clone of HCV complementary DNA was first constructed in 1997;interferon and ribavirin combination therapy was established in 1998 and the therapeutic strategy gradually optimized;the HCV replicon system was produced in1999;functional HCV pseudotyped viral particles were described in 2003;and recombinant infectious HCV in tissue culture was produced successfully in 2005.Recently,tremendous advances in HCV receptor discovery,understanding the HCV lifecycle,decryption of the HCV genome and proteins,as well as new anti-HCV compounds have been reported.Because HCV is difficult to isolate and culture,researchers have had to avail themselves to the best of modern biomedical technology;some of the major achievements in HCV research have not only advanced the understanding of HCV but also promoted knowledge of virology and cellular physiology.In this review,we summarize the advancements and remaining scotomas in the molecular virology and epidemiology of HCV.     

丙型、乙型肝炎混合感染者病毒基因型与临床特征分析

探讨丙型、乙型肝炎病毒混合感染的基因型特点及临床特征。采用ELISA法进行病毒血清标志物检测 ,采用PCR -微板核酸杂交 -ELISA法进行HBV -DNA定量及HCV -RNA基因分型检测。丙型、乙型肝炎病毒混合感染者HCV -RNA及HBV -DNA阳性率 (72 5 1%和 30 4 1% )分别低于丙型、乙型肝炎病毒单独感染者 (85 4 2 %和 6 0 72 % ) ,Ⅰ / 1a型和Ⅲ / 2a型HCV与HBV混合感染较同类基因型HCV单独感染明显增加 ,Ⅱ / 1b型丙型肝炎病毒合并乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清转氨酶及总胆红素水平最高 ,白蛋白和胆碱酯酶水平最低 ,尽管HCV、HBV混合感染的临床症状可能更为严重 ,但在病毒学上两者的确存在着相互抑制作用     

Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005： Exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection

AIM： To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） and human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to conduct a pilot study to explore the presence of HBV DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） negative but anti-HBc positive blood donors.
METHODS： Seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV was studied among 113051 and 106695 voluntary blood donors screened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Moreover, a pilot study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors was carried out for evaluating the presence of HBV DNA by PCR on HBsAg negative/anti- HBc positive donors.
RESULTS： A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of HBV （1448 vs 1768, P 〈 0.001）, HIV （262 vs 374, P 〈 0.001）, HCV （314 vs 372, P = 0.003） and syphilis （772 vs 853, P = 0.001） infections was noted among blood donors of Kolkata West Bengal in 2005 as compared to 2004. Moreover, the exploratory study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors revealed that 188 （18.3%）of them were anti-HBc positive out of which 21% were positive for HBV DNA.
CONCLUSION： The findings of this study underscore the significantly increasing endemicity of hepatitis viruses, syphilis and HIV among the voluntary blood donors of our community. The pilot study indicates a high rate of prevalence of HBV DNA among HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors and thus emphasizes the need for a more sensitive and stringent screening algorithm for blood donations.