血细胞分析仪白细胞分类功能评价

目的评价Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪白细胞分类功能。方法仪器检测338例非白血病标本共4组,其中WBC减少组86例,WBC正常组127例,WBC增高组125例．嗜酸性粒细胞增高组39例;同时进行血涂片人工分类。结果仪器与人工镜检白细胞分类,在WBC正常、增高或减低各组,中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞两者相关性良好（r〉0．900）,而单核细胞与嗜碱性粒细胞两者相关性较差（r〈0．700）;嗜酸性粒细胞在WBC正常、增高及嗜酸性粒细胞增高组,两者有较好的相关性（r〉0．900）。在WBC正常、增高或减低各组,中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞镜检法明显高于仪器法（P均〈0．001）;而单核细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞则镜检法明显低于仪器法（P均〈0．001）。结论Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪可准确分类中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞,并且可在嗜酸性粒细胞增高的标本中准确分类嗜酸性粒细胞。而单核细胞分类两者结果差异较大,且仪器对有异常细胞存在的标本又可能不分类,说明高档次的血细胞分析仪也仅可作为全血细胞分析的一种过筛手段,其异常细胞的检测能力仍然存在缺陷。     

不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的可比性分析

目的评价不同血细胞分析仪检测结果的一致性、可比性。方法按照NCCLS EP9-A2文件要求,以Sysmex XE-2100（1）血细胞分析仪为参考仪器,其他3台仪器Sysmex XE-2100（2）、迈瑞BC-5380（1）、迈瑞BC-5380（2）仪器为比对仪器,用新鲜全血对WBC、RBC、Hb、Hct、PLT5个参数进行检测,计算偏差及相关系数,判断偏差是否在临床可接受范围内。结果与Sysmex XE-2100（1）比较,其他3台仪器的检测结果与其有良好的相关性（r〉0．975）,偏差均在临床可接受范围内。除迈瑞BC-5380（1）的PLT及迈瑞BC-5380（2）的Hct、PLT偏差超出了可接受范围,经调整,偏差在可接受范围内。结论该实验室4台血细胞分析仪的检测结果准确,具有一致性、可比性。     

XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪计数有核红细胞的准确性评价

目的探讨Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪计数有核红细胞的准确性。方法应用Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪筛查有核红细胞阳性的69例标本,用显微镜计数其外周血有核红细胞数量,比较血细胞计数及白细胞分类情况。结果 Sysmex XE-2100与显微镜计数法计数外周血有核红细胞数量有极好的相关性（r=0.992）,2种方法计数结果的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。采用有核红细胞计数法,白细胞数较去除有核红细胞前减低（t检验,P〈0.05）,且淋巴细胞比例明显减低,而红细胞、血红蛋白及血小板均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论 Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪可灵敏、准确、快速地自动计数外周血有核红细胞,有效避免有核红细胞对白细胞总数及分类的干扰。     

Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪对血液病血小板计数的检测价值

目的：探讨SysmexXE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪计数血液病血小板的临床应用价值。方法：选用2份低值血小板标本用仪器第4模式检测10次，观察批内精密度。将115例血液病病人血标本用SysmexXE-2100第3模式电阻法（PLT-I）和第4模式激光法（PLT-O）测定的血小板结果与显微镜计数结果进行相关性分析。结果：2份低值血小板标本用仪器第4模式检测，其批内精密度分别为1．85％和2．03％。Sysmex XE-2100测定115份血液病血小板计数结果与显微镜计数结果相关性良好，激光法相关系数（r）为0．9973，P〈0．01；而电阻抗法r为0．9689，P〈0．01。结论：SysmexXE-2100血细胞分析仪激光法（PLT-O）分析血液病血小板计数的性能良好．具有准确度高、重复性好和简便快捷等优点，是常规实验室测定血液病血小板计数较理想的仪器。     

Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪定量分析外周血幼稚粒细胞性能评价

目的评价Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪定量分析外周血幼稚粒细胞（1G）的性能。方法选取202份XE-2100IG报警值〉200的样本．分别采用XE-2100和镜检分析IG％,评价两者之间相关性,选取5份不同IG％水平的样本进行XE-2100批内精密度（重复性）评价,分别选取8份标本在4℃和室温进行样本稳定性评价。结果XE-2100分析IG％结果与镜检结果具有良好的相关性（γ=0．8382,P〈0．001）;5份不同IG％水平样本重复性的变异系数（CV）从4．93％N15．5％;XE-2100分析4℃和室温保存24小时内的样本结果稳定。结论XE-2100定量分析外周血幼稚粒细胞性能良好,基本满足临床实验室要求。     

全自动血液分析仪Sysmex XE-2100与Abbott CD-3700的比较分析

目的 比较分析Sysmex XE-2100和Abbott CD-37002类全自动血液分析仪各项检测参数结果的精确度和相关性。方法 选取EDTA-K2抗凝静脉全血，对2台仪器进行精密度和相关性的检测。结果 精密度测定，Sysmex XE-2100血细胞计数各参数变异系数（CV）值位于0．24％～3．56％之间，白细胞分类各参数凹值位于0．66％～37．04％之间；Abbott CD-3700血细胞计数各参数CV值位于0．30％～4．37％之间，白细胞分类各参数CV值位于0．92％～27．91％之间。2台仪器间血细胞计数各参数相关系数的平方（r^2）位于0．9312～0．9987之间。结论 2台仪器各参数精密度符合设计范围，两者之间相关性较好。     

血细胞分析仪对外周血有核红细胞计数性能的评价

目的评价Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪计数外周血有核红细胞（NRBC）的性能。方法选择门诊与住院患者乙二胺四乙酸二钾抗凝血标本,采用Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪与手工显微镜方法计数NRBC,并对结果进行比较。结果血细胞分析仪与手工显微镜方法之间相关性良好,相关系数为0.938 4;58份标本仪器法NRBC在0.00%～0.99%标本中14份（24.1%）手工法NRBC结果为0.00%。24份仪器法NRBC结果为0.00%的标本中22份（91.2%）手工法小于或等于1.00%;仪器法重复性明显好于手工法,NRBC平均CV为8.0%。结论 Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪与手工显微镜法之间相关性较好;仪器法重复性明显好于手工法;尽管出现少量仪器法与镜检法不一致结果,但均伴有其他白细胞和（或）血小板异常报警提示,也进行了显微镜复核。     

Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪分析网织红细胞性能评价

目的：探讨Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪分析网织红细胞的性能并作评价。方法：对XE-2100分析仪分析网织红细胞的精密度、稳定性、线性范围、敏感性和携带污染率进行测定．再将50例住院病人血标本用Sysmex XE-2100分析仪测定网织红细胞结果与显微镜计数结果进行相关性分析。结果：XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪分析网织红细胞的精密度、稳定性、线性范围、敏感性和携带污染率均在允许范围内；Sysmex XE-2100分析网织红细胞结果与显微镜计数结果相关性良好，r=-0．9987。结论：Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪分析网织红细胞的性能良好，具有准确度高、重复性好、检测速度快和简便快捷等优点，标本免除预处理，是常规实验室测定网织红细胞的较理想仪器。     

Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪与显微镜目测法测定白细胞分类结果比较

目的探讨Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪白细胞分类结果与显微镜目测法两种结果的可比性,为现代化仪器的推广应用提供临床实验室依据.方法取一份标本,连续测定10次,观察其批内精密度;用质控物,连续测定23天,观察其批间精密度;将90例血标本的Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪检测结果与显微镜目测法结果进行相关性回归分析.结果Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪白细胞分类的批内精密度和批间精密度均在允许范围内,仪器法白细胞分类结果与显微镜目测法结果之间亦具有良好的相关性,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞相关系数(r)分别为0.9859,0.9775,0.8053,0.8695,0.5243(P＜0.01).结论Sysmex XE-2100全自动五分类血细胞分析仪是一种较为理想的血细胞分析仪,具有简便、快捷、精密、准确等优点,能满足临床应用要求,值得推广使用.     

XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪对有核红细胞分析的应用评价

目的评价Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪对有核红细胞（NRBC）分析结果的准确性。方法采用仪器法和显微镜计数法分别对2006年1月至2011年2月间139例外周血NRBC阳性的临床血液样本进行测定。结果仪器法对NRBC的检测结果与显微镜计数法比较,中、高值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,低值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。仪器的重复性良好。结论 Sysmex XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪分析结果准确、快速,可为临床医生提供准确血细胞监测数据。     

五分类血液分析仪对门诊患者过筛作用的评价

目的评价SysmexSF3000血液分析仪应用于门诊患者的筛查效果。方法对1055例门诊患者的血液标本同时用仪器分析及显微镜复检,评价其报警系统的性能,并对出现解释性(IP)信息的标本分析其患者就诊科室分布情况。结果1055例门诊患者血标本出现IP信息的比例为17.7%,白细胞分类报警系统的特异性98%,灵敏度98%,阳性预测值78.0%,阴性预测值99.8%,总有效率98.5%。出现IP信息的标本主要来源于血液科、妇产科、泌尿科、消化科、呼吸科。结论建议门诊患者应用五分类血液分析仪进行血常规分析,可以起到很好的筛检作用,提高工作质量和效率。     

恶性肿瘤类白血病反应的中毒性中性粒细胞的MAXM血液分析仪分析

目的探讨恶性肿瘤伴类白血病反应患者的中毒中性粒细胞是否被MAXM血细胞分析仪误认为嗜碱性粒细胞。方法MAXM血细胞分析仪进行白细胞计数和分类;瑞氏染色镜检白细胞分类;过氧化物酶染色区分中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞;碱性磷酸酶染色区分类白血病反应。结果26例恶性肿瘤患者用MAXM血细胞分析仪进行白细胞计数为:(28.6±5.7)×109/L;分类为:中性粒细胞49.9%±10.6%,淋巴细胞15.2%±4.3%,单核细胞2.2%±1.2%,嗜酸性粒细胞0.4%±0.3%,嗜碱性粒细胞32.3%±10.2%。镜检分类为:中性粒细胞85.6%±11.8%,淋巴细胞12.9%±5.1%,单核细胞1.5%±1.4%,嗜酸性粒细胞0%,嗜碱性粒细胞0%,其中中毒中性粒细胞为36.5%±7.6%。过氧化物酶染色阳性率为:89.6%±12.3%。中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶阳性率为83.1%±12.5%,积分395±63。结论MAXM血细胞分析仪把类白血病中毒中性粒细胞误认为嗜碱性粒细胞。     

Use of a mildly restrictive administrative protocol to reduce orders for manual blood film examination from the emergency department

In order to conserve laboratory resources, we instituted a mildly restrictive administrative protocol requiring a telephone request by emergency physicians or their designees in order to obtain a manual blood film examination (BFE). This test includes a manual differential leukocyte count (DLC), examination of red cell morphology, and platelet estimate. The protocol resulted in a marked reduction of the number of BFE's performed on emergency department patients from the previous level of one for every complete blood count (CBC). Retrospective chart review of a sample of patients not receiving manual BFEs indicated no apparent adverse effect on patient care. We speculate that the availability of an electronic partial differential count, providing enumeration of lymphocytes and neutrophils along with the CBC, facilitated in part the reduced ordering of manual BFEs.     

Celldiff BCM-2血细胞形态分析系统白细胞分类能力的初步验证和临床应用评价

目的对celldiff BCM-2自动血细胞形态分析系统的白细胞分类计数进行性能验证及临床应用评估。方法celldiff分析仪及人工镜检分别对379例需显微镜复检的住院患者血涂片、46例健康体检者血涂片进行白细胞分类。通过celldiff预分类结果与审核后结果符合性分析,审核后结果与人工镜检结果相关性分析以及celldiff分析仪和人工镜检分类白细胞耗费时间比较评价该仪器对白细胞识别能力及其临床应用价值。结果住院患者标本Celldiff预分类中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和原始细胞结果符合率分别为97.28%,98.09%,76.81%,68.80%,47.49%和41.55%。健康体检标本分别为98.53%,95.40%,88.72%,81.89%,62.50%和0.00%。经线性回归分析,住院患者标本中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞仪器审核后结果与人工分类结果相关性较好(r=0.914,r=0.900),嗜碱性粒细胞相关性较差(r=0.380)。健康体检标本相关系数较高。人工镜检平均耗时4.89 min/例,celldiff分析仪平均耗时3.20 min/例。2名检验者按日常工作流程分类计数80例患者标本,使用仪器平均耗时分别为2.89 min/例和2.50 min/例,人工镜检平均耗时分别为3.58 min/例和2.40min/例。结论Celldiff具有较好的临床应用价值,有利于实现白细胞分类的自动化与标准化。     

Evaluation of an automatic hematology analyzer in patients with nonhematologic conditions

The Coulter STKS is a new automated hematology analyzer that provides complete blood counts (CBCs) and a five-part white blood cell (WBC) differential count. This study evaluated its performance and determined its value in reducing the extensive manual work required to obtain WBC differential counts from patients with nonhematologic conditions. The evaluations included precision, carryover, effects of storage duration and temperature, comparison of primary (automated) and secondary (manual) methods of aspiration, comparison with the Technicon H*1 machine, and WBC differential capability. Both primary and secondary methods provided CBC values that were precise, repeatable, and satisfactory. The WBC differential results also were accurate and comparable to those obtained manually. The Coulter STKS not only precisely analyzes CBCs but also screens blood samples without WBC abnormalities, as it has a 98% predictive value of negative test results. This instrument is suitable for use in nonhematology patients in large medical centers, teaching hospitals, and general hospitals.     

Peripheral blood film review. The demise of the eyecount leukocyte differential

The automated hematology analyzer with CBC and differential results has replaced the traditional manual or individual assay methods for hematologic parameters and the eyecount leukocyte differential as the initial screening and detection system for hematologic abnormalities in modern hospitals and clinics. The traditional review of all automated hematology instrument results by preparation, staining, and microscopic examination of a blood film has disappeared in most institutions. The reasons are the more accurate detection of specimens with distributional or morphologic abnormalities by the instruments than by the traditional eyecount method. The opportunity for a clinician to request a microscopic examination of a blood film, whether or not it is flagged, must be preserved, because the clinician's knowledge of the patient's history, physical findings, and current or prior therapy may indicate review to discover an abnormality that may not have been apparent from the instrument results alone. There has also been a dramatic reduction of the numbers of medical technologists and technicians in medical laboratories. Automation of the CBC and differential counts has reduced the number of technologists needed for performance of these tests. But other factors have had a negative effect, such as the necessity to reduce costs. Consolidation of hematology and chemistry laboratories in core laboratories may produce savings in labor costs, but may also create problems of creating and maintaining areas of expertise, such as hematologic morphology, because of the cross-training required and the necessity of personnel to do all things. This article suggests and documents a number of measures that can be infinity stituted by the laboratory and by clinicians to reduce the number of eyecount differentials and blood film reviews that need to be performed. The first effort is to convince clinicians that valid data exist that confirm that a policy of allowing the laboratory to initiate blood film review based on findings of the CBC and automated differential is a more sensitive and accurate method of detecting patients with blood film abnormalities than routine blood film review of all specimens by technologists. Clinicians need to recognize that daily differential results or differentials at intervals of less than a week are not medically necessary in most patients. The laboratory, however, must provide opportunities for the clinician to request differentials at any time for specific medical reasons. The laboratory must establish the validity of screening criteria for detection of distribution and morphologic abnormalities of leukocytes by clinical correlation studies or adopt criteria established by laboratories with the same instrumentation and which have conducted clinical evaluations. A final observation on the eyecount differential is that it was the only way to identify cell types and their relative proportion for nearly 100 years. Cells were identified by their shape, intracellular structures, and staining characteristics. Many studies were able eventually to correlate some aspect of each cell type's function with their morphologic appearance. It has also been learned that the bone marrow is the source of production of most circulating cells and a great deal of the controls of cell production and release into the peripheral blood have been learned. But leukocytes have many functions, almost none of which are performed in the peripheral blood. The peripheral blood is mainly a conduit from the bone marrow to the tissues where the leukocytes perform their function in the case of the neutrophils and monocytes. It is mainly a recirculation and redistribution system for lymphocytes that usually receive their instructions from antigen processing cells in the tissues and allow these modified cells to home to sites where their functions occur. Cellular morphology and staining characteristics tell little about the maturation stage and functional capabilities of leukocytes. One cannot tell the difference between a band and a segmented neutrophil or whether a lymphocyte is a T or B cell on the conventional eyecount differential. One cannot tell the mature granulocyte of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia from a normal mature neutrophil. Increasingly, techniques are being developed to identify better the maturation stages of cells and association with specific functional capabilities by flow cytometric techniques. The neoplastic nature of some normal-appearing leukocytes can be identified by techniques, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization. With the rapid advances in many approachs to understand the nature and functional capability of leukocytes, the eyecount differential with the traditional Romanowsky stain may be past the apogee of its ascent and beginning its trip into history along with the hemocytometer counting chamber and the Sahli pipet. The development and implementation of new laboratory cornerstone techniques for diagnosis of hematologic disease are eagerly awaited. On the other hand, the red cells and platelets exist to function in the peripheral blood. More emphasis is needed in the development of automated methods of determining the nature and functional capabilities of these true blood cells as part of the CBC.     

Sysmex XE-2100自动血细胞分析和白细胞分类的复检规则探讨

目的 采用Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪评估国际血液学复检专家组推荐的血细胞复检规则,通过对实验数据进行分析,提出适合于中国人群使用的血细胞复检规则.方法 3家医院均采用日本希森美康公司生产的XE-2100五分群(类)全自动血细胞分析仪,随机检测患者标本共3 594份,同时涂片做显微镜检查,包括细胞形态观察和人工白细胞分类.按照国际血细胞复检规则、自行拟定的筛选方案和涂片镜检阳性标准进行评估,计算出真阳性、假阳性、真阴性、假阴性和涂片复检的比率,并筛选出最佳方案.结果 根据国际血液学复检专家组推荐的41条复检规则和涂片镜检阳性规则对检测结果进行统计学分析,真阳性率为14.02%(504/3 594),假阳性率为32.67%(1 174/3 594),真阴性率为51.47%(1 850/3 594),假阴性率为1.84%(66/3 594).由于中国人群血细胞参考范围不同于西方人群,我们采用修改后的复检规则(方案8)和镜检规则对3 594份标本的数据进行分析,结果显示,真阳性率为12.33%(443/3 594),假阳性率为21.01%(755/3 594),真阴性率为63.44%(2 280/3 594),假阴性率为3.23%(116/3 594).在此基础上,参考"国际血液学41条复检规则"、XE-2100的性能特点和我国的常规工作情况,提出了中国人群应用XE-2100的血细胞计数和白细胞分类的涂片复检规则,验证试验结果显示,血液病细胞无漏检情况.结论 制定合理适用的血细胞计数和白细胞分类的涂片复检规则非常重要,既可保证检测结果质量,又可提高工作效率.血细胞复检规则应该在工作中不断地改进完善.     

Sysmex XE-2100全血细胞分析仪白细胞分类复检率探讨

目的探讨Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪白细胞分类的复检率,进一步完善临床检验科的标准操作程序（SOP）文件。方法使用Sysmex XE－2100血细胞分析仪随机检测537例非血液科患者的外周血标本同时做显微镜检查（包括细胞形态观察和白细胞分类计数分类）,按照我国Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析复检标准制定协作组制定的白细胞复检规则和显微镜检查阳性规则进行评估,计算出涂片复检率、真阳性、假阳性、真阴性、假阴性。结果根据Sysmex XE－2100血细胞分析复栓标准制定协作组的23条复检规则和涂片阳性规则对检测结果进行统计分析,复检率为15．27％（82／537）,真阳性率8．57％（46／537）,假阳性率6．70％（36／537）,真阴性率82．86％（445／537）,假阴性率1．86％（10／537）。结论SysmexXE-2100血细胞分析仪白细胞复检规则能有效提高检测效率,防止漏检和误检,可纳入本科室的SOP文件中。     

A clinical evaluation of the QBCII centrifugal hematology analyzer in the emergency department

As part of an effort to reduce patient waiting time for laboratory results, the QBCII desktop CBC analyzer was evaluated in an emergency department. CBCs were performed by the emergency department staff (multiple observers) on 498 patients and by a single observer on 250 patients. Time required by the emergency department staff to obtain a CBC was 10.1 minutes compared with 47.8 minutes for the hospital laboratory. Correlation coefficients between hospital laboratory and QBCII were WBC 0.94, hematocrit 0.92, platelets 0.88, lymphocytes/monocytes 0.92, and granulocytes 0.90.     

Sysmex XN全自动血细胞分析仪在体液细胞计数及分类中的应用

目的评价Sysmex XN全自动血细胞分析仪体液模式在脑脊液和胸腹水标本细胞计数及分类计数中的应用价值。方法收集2019年7-8月该院住院患者体液标本341例,其中脑脊液标本138例及胸腹水标本203例,应用Sysmex XN全自动血细胞分析仪(仪器法)和改良牛鲍计数板(手工法)分别分类计数,对两种方法所测结果进行比较。结果仪器法与手工法对脑脊液标本有核细胞计数及红细胞计数一致性较好(ICC=0.985、0.994,均P<0.05),仪器法与手工法对脑脊液标本有核细胞分类计数中单个核细胞及多个核细胞计数一致性较好(ICC=0.917、0.946,均P<0.05);仪器法与手工法对胸腹水标本中有核细胞计数及红细胞计数一致性较好(ICC=0.960、0.996,均P<0.05);仪器法与手工法对胸腹水标本有核细胞分类计数中单个核细胞、多个核细胞及间皮细胞计数一致性较好(ICC=0.894、0.937、0.758,均P<0.05)。结论Sysmex XN全自动血细胞分析仪体液检测模式与手工法结果有较好的一致性,其操作简单、迅速,结果准确、可靠,重复性好,在体液细胞检测中具有较高的临床应用价值。