罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉效果比较

目的比较应用罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因实施低位硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法随机将76例接受低位硬膜外麻醉的患者分为2组,每组38例。观察组采用0.5%左旋布比卡因,对照组应用0.5%罗哌卡因。比较2组麻醉起效时间、完全起效时间、麻醉持续时间、麻醉药物用量及不良反应发生率。结果观察组麻醉起效时间、完全起效时间均短于对照组,麻醉持续时间长于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组麻醉药物用量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论左旋布比卡因用于低位硬膜外麻醉,麻醉效果好且不良反应发生率低,临床应用价值高。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉的临床观察

目的 评价甲磺酸罗哌卡因和盐酸罗哌卡因在下腹部和下肢手术患者中硬膜外麻醉的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择下腹部或下肢手术受试者142例,随机均分为甲磺酸罗哌卡因组(A组)和盐酸罗哌卡因组(B组).取L1～2或L2～3穿刺点行硬膜外穿刺,向头端置管3 cm,注入首次剂量罗哌卡因15 ml.观察两组感觉阻滞起效时间、持续时间、感觉阻滞范围及运动阻滞Bromage评分及运动阻滞起效、持续时间;连续监测生命体征变化情况;观察术前及术后24 h内肝功能、肾功能等指标变化和低血压、心动过缓等不良反应.结果 两组感觉阻滞及运动阻滞各项观察指标差异均无统计学意义;受试者术中各项生命体征基本平稳;A组不良反应发生率为16.91%,明显低于B组的33.80%(P<0.05);两组均未发生严重不良事件.结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于下腹部和下肢手术硬膜外麻醉安全有效,与盐酸罗哌卡因相当.     

芬太尼缩短硬膜外罗哌卡因起效时间的临床观察

罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞起效时间偏长,而起效时间是评价临床硬膜外麻醉效果的重要指标,目前芬太尼对罗哌卡因起效时间的影响国内外尚无报道。本研究采用随机双盲法比较了 0.75％罗哌卡因中加入100μg芬太尼对硬膜外起效时间的影响及可能出现的副作用。     

罗哌卡因与丁哌卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产的药效学比较

目的 将新型酰胺类局部麻醉药罗哌卡因的的药效学与丁哌卡因进行比较。方法 选择行择期剖宫产的产妇２０例,分成两组进行硬膜外麻醉。随机在硬膜外注入０．７５％罗哌卡因。对镇平面及达到最高平面和最低平面所用时间,运动阻滞程度及恢复时间,术中镇痛效果,新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分,不良反应的发生情况,血压和心率的变化进行观察。．     

芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞用于分娩镇痛效果观察

目的探讨芬太尼联合罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞应用于分娩镇痛的效果。方法选取2015-12—2016-12间行分娩镇痛的100例产妇,根据不同用药分为2组,各50例。对照组应用芬太尼镇痛,观察组应用芬太尼联合罗哌卡因镇痛。比较2组的镇痛效果、不良反应、自然分娩率及新生儿Apgar评分。结果观察组的镇痛效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组用药不良反应率、自然分娩率及新生儿Apgar评分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论芬太尼联合罗哌卡因应用于硬膜外分娩镇痛,镇痛效果佳、自然分娩率高,且对产妇及新生儿无不良影响。     

新型局麻药罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉的研究

目的 评价新型局麻药罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉的临床效果及其不良反应,并以1％利多卡因加0．2％地卡因作为对照。方法 选择60例腹部手术病人,硬膜外麻醉时随机分别接受0．75％罗哌卡因（罗哌组,n=30)或1％利多卡因加0．2％地卡因（利地组,n=30),观察感觉阻滞（针刺法）、运动阻滞（改良Bromage评分）、镇痛和腹壁肌质量、对心血管系统的影响等反应。结果 罗哌组麻醉后手术开始前和术中感觉阻滞平面达胸6病例的百分比高于利地组,罗哌组首剂10min后出现运动阻滞病例的百分比低于利地组,而30min时无显著差异;罗哌组对循环的影响低于利地组;观察中均无严重不良反应。结论 0．75％罗哌卡因用于腹部手术硬膜外麻醉,能取得比利地组满意的镇痛肌松效果,比1％利多卡因加0．2％地卡因对循环系统的影响更小,无严重不良反应。     

罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法60例行下腹部手术病人。随机分成三组,每组20例。Ⅰ组：0．5％罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组：0．5％左旋布比卡因;Ⅲ组：0．5％布比卡因。行连续低位硬膜外麻醉。观察感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞程度及麻醉质量。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组首次局麻药用量分别为（14．38±1．57）、（14．75±0．50）和（13．80±1．30）ml。Ⅰ组运动阻滞起效时间比Ⅲ组长（P〈0．05）,Ⅰ组Bromage评分为1分的例数多于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界差异均无统计学意义。Ⅲ组SBP在感觉阻滞平面达上界及运动阻滞起效时有明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论0．5％罗哌旨因、左旋布比卡因或布比卡因连续硬膜外麻醉均可产生良好的感觉和运动阻滞,三种药物药效学相似。     

罗哌卡因用于微创腰间盘摘除术的硬膜外麻醉

自 1998年 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月我院采用硬膜外麻醉用于微创小切口腰间盘摘除术 ,将 0 2 5 %与0 5 %两种不同浓度的罗哌卡因用于该手术并进行比较 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　腰间盘脱出症 (ＡＳＡ Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 )手术治疗者 6 0例 ,随机分为两组 ,采用不同的麻醉注药。Ａ组 30例 ,采用 0 2 5 %罗哌卡因 ;Ｂ组 30例 ,采用 0 5 %罗哌卡因。1 2　方法　常规监测ＥＣＧ ,无创动脉血压和脉搏血氧饱和度并建立静脉通路。根据腰间盘脱出部位选择Ｌ1～ 2 或Ｌ2～ 3 行硬膜外穿刺向头侧置管 ,先注入1 73%碳酸利多卡因 4ｍｌ作为试验…     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外镇痛的对比研究

罗哌卡因作为一种新型长效酰胺类局部麻醉药,本研究应用低浓度罗哌卡因复合小剂量芬太尼于术后硬膜外镇痛,观察其镇痛效果以及胃肠道功能恢复等情况并与布比卡因作对比研究。     

0.75%罗哌卡因用于剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉的研究

目的 评价０．７５％罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉剖宫产手术的临床效果和耐受性,并以０．５％丁哌卡因作为对照组。方法 择期剖宫产手术病人６１例,硬膜外麻醉时随机分别接受０．７５％罗哌卡因或０．５％丁哌卡因,观察感觉阻滞,运动阻滞,术中疼痛,镇痛和腹壁肌松质量及不良反应。     

The effect of 0.5 % ropivacaine on epidural blood flow

Twenty patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery received epidural analgesia with 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine. Epidural blood flow was measured by an epidural 133Xe clearance technique on the day before surgery (no local anaesthetic) and again 1 h before surgery, 30 min after injection of the local anaesthetic during continuous infusion (8 ml/h). Median initial blood flow was 5.0 ml/min and 6.0 ml/min per 100 g tissue in patients receiving ropivacaine and bupivacaine, respectively. After epidural bupivacaine, blood flow increased in 8 of 10 patients to 6.9 ml/min per 100 g tissue (P less than 0.05) in contrast to a decrease in 9 of 10 patients to 3.3 ml/min per 100 g tissue after ropivacaine (P less than 0.05), (P less than 0.01 between groups). The median level of sensory analgesia was T3.5 and T4.5 in the ropivacaine and bupivacaine group, respectively (P greater than 0.05). The demonstrated vasoconstrictor effect of epidural ropivacaine may influence the duration of its local anaesthetic effect.     

Intrathecal fentanyl added to hyperbaric ropivacaine for transurethral resection of the prostate

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg added to 18 mg of 6 mg ml(-1) hyperbaric ropivacaine on the characteristics of subarachnoid block and postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing TURP surgery. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group S (saline group, n=16) received 3 ml of 18 mg hyperbaric ropivacaine + 0.5 ml saline--in total, a 3.5-ml volume intrathecally; and Group F (fentanyl group, n=15) received 3 ml of 18 mg hyperbaric ropivacaine + 0.5 ml of 25 microg fentanyl--in total, a 3.5-ml volume intrathecally. In both groups the onset and recovery times of the sensory block, degree and recovery times of the motor block and side-effects were recorded and statistically compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in achieving the highest level of sensory block, and in the times taken to reach the peak level. Regression to L1 was significantly prolonged in the fentanyl group compared with the saline group (P=0.004). Times to the first feeling of pain and the first analgesic requirement were significantly prolonged in the fentanyl group compared with the saline group (P=0.011 and P=0.016, respectively). The frequency of pruritus was significantly higher in the fentanyl group compared with the saline group (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: Addition of fentanyl 25 microg to hyperbaric ropivacaine 18 mg for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing TURP may significantly improve the quality and prolong the duration of analgesia, without causing a substantial increase in the frequency of major side-effects.     

罗哌卡因在临床麻醉中的应用进展

随着对布比卡因致命性心脏毒性作用的认识，新型局部麻醉药罗哌卡因在临床上有越来越多的使用趋势。本文就罗哌卡因的理化特性及其临床应用进展作一综述。     

轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻用于单侧下肢创伤手术对PCEA的影响

目的 观察轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻用于下肢创伤手术患者的麻醉效果及其对硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的影响.方法 ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级下肢创伤手术患者120例,随机均分为L1、L2、W1、W2四组.L1、L2组分别用轻比重罗哌卡因7.5～15.0 mg、15.0～22.5 mg,W1、W2组分别用重比重罗哌卡因7.5～15.0 mg、15.0～22.5 mg.术后用罗哌卡因150 mg+舒芬太尼0.05 mg+阿扎司琼10 mg+生理盐水至100 ml行PCEA.记录两组麻醉效果、不良反应,术始、术中及PCEA结束时双下肢的Bromage评分.结果 L1、L2、W2组麻醉效果优于W1组(P＜0.05).L1、L2组感觉、运动阻滞起效时间明显短于W1、W2组(P＜0.05).L1组各时点健肢Bromage评分明显低于患肢(P＜0.05).L1组低血压、尿潴留发生率明显低于L2、W2组(P＜0.05).结论 下肢创伤手术使用0.3％轻比重罗哌卡因7.5～15.0 mg单侧腰麻,麻醉效果满意,术后PCEA期间运动阻滞仅限于患肢,血流动力学稳定,不良反应发生率低,患者总体满意度高.     

Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair

Background: The effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the characteristics of spinal anesthesia has not been investigated in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incidence and severity of pain during peritoneal sac traction is decreased by addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia. Methods: Children (6–14 years) were randomized into two groups. Group F (n = 25): hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.2 μg·kg⁻¹ of fentanyl. Group P (n = 25): hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.9% NaCl (placebo). The dose of bupivacaine was 0.4 mg·kg⁻¹. The primary variable was the incidence and severity of pain during peritoneal sac traction. Spinal block characteristics, duration of spinal anesthesia assessed by recovery of hip flexion and duration of analgesia were the secondary variables measured, and the side effects were noted. Results: There were significant differences in incidence of pain and pain scores during sac traction with lower incidence and scores in the fentanyl group (P = 0.009). Two groups were similar regarding the level of sensory block during sac traction and duration of spinal anesthesia. Duration of spinal analgesia was prolonged significantly in the fentanyl group (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Intrathecal fentanyl at a dose of 0.2 μg·kg⁻¹ added to bupivacaine significantly improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia and prolongs postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia.     

重比重联合轻比重罗哌卡因在蛛网膜下腔麻醉剖宫产术中的应用

目的 分析剖宫产术中使用重比重罗哌卡因联合轻比重罗哌卡因的蛛网膜下腔麻醉与单一重比重罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔麻醉效果及血流动力学变化. 方法 选择142例在蛛网膜下腔-硬膜外腔联合麻醉下拟行择期剖宫产术患者.根据标准纳入的患者(132例)按计算机编码被随机分配到单一重比重罗哌卡因组(A组)或重比重和轻比重罗哌卡因联合组(B组),每组66例.主要观察指标是低血压的发生率,次要观察指标是感觉阻滞水平. 结果 两组均表现出相似的麻醉效果.A组低血压发生率比B组显著增高(74％比45％)(P＜0.05),A组恶心发生率比B组显著增加(23％比8％)(P＜0.05). 结论 重比重联合轻比重罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔麻醉相比单一的重比重罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔麻醉可提供相似的麻醉效果及更加稳定的血流动力学.     

瑞芬太尼和芬太尼在整形美容全麻手术中应用效果的对比性研究

目的：观察瑞芬太尼和芬太尼在整形美容全麻手术中的应用效果。方法：整形美容手术40例,随机分为两组。PF组为丙泊酚-芬太尼全麻组（n=20）,PR组为丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼全麻组（n=20）。记录麻醉前（T0）、插入气管插管前（T1）、插入气管插管即刻（T2）、插入气管插管后（T3）、切皮即刻（T4）、拔出气管插管时（T5）BP、HR、SPO2和PETCO2。记录术毕停药后自主呼吸恢复时间,呼之睁眼时间,拔出气管插管时间;术中出现体动反应、屏气呛咳、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率等。结果：PF组HR明显快于PR组,SBP明显高于PR组（P〈0.05）。PR组患者术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、呼出睁眼时间、拔管时间均短于PF组（P〈0.01）。PR组患者不良反应明显少于PF组（P〈0.05）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉用于美容手术能有效维持血流动力学稳定,可控性好,麻醉深度易于调节,术后恢复快,明显优于芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉。