脂肪酸,二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺对大鼠移植小肠粘膜细胞 …

目的 探讨ｎ－３脂肪酸、１,６二磷酸 糖和谷氨酰胺对移植小肠粘膜细胞增殖和凋 的作用。方法 １９６只近交系Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分别作为供、受体行全小肠民位移植,术前和术后和ｎ－３脂肪酸灌胃、１,６－二磷酸果糖及谷氨酰胺静脉输注１０天,应用流式细胞术和细胞凋亡原位检测的方法分析小肠粘膜细胞增殖和凋亡的变化。结果 移植小肠粘膜细胞增殖低下,凋亡增加,补充外源性ｎ－３脂肪酸、１,６－二磷酸果谷氨酰胺后,移植     

特殊营养支持对大鼠移植小肠吸收功能的影响

目的 了解n-3脂肪酸(n-3FA)、l，6二磷酸果糖(FDP)和谷氨酰胺(GLN)特殊营养支持对移植小肠吸收功能的影响。方法 196只近交系Wistar大鼠分别作为供、受体行全小肠异位移植，术前和术后应用n-3FA灌胃和TPN中加入FDP、GLN静脉输注10d，用^15N甘氨酸(^15N-Gly)对移植小肠进行灌注，收集不同时间的血液标本，应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析吸收的^15N-Gly及其丰度。结果 各组^15N-Gly的血浆丰度均在lh最低，3h达到最高峰。其中l、2和3h的丰度值均以n-3FA FDP GLN组为最高，分别是非必需氨基酸(NEAAs)对照组的9倍、3倍和2．5倍，其余各实验组血浆内^15N-Gly的上升速度及丰度值也明显高于NEAAs对照组。结论 外源性n-3FA、FDP和GLN联合应用可明显改善移植小肠的吸收功能。利用稳定性同位素^15N标记氨基酸，GC-MS技术分析移植小肠吸收功能的方法不具放射性，特异性和灵敏度都很高，值得临床小肠吸收功能研究借鉴。     

脂肪酸、二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺对大鼠移植小肠粘膜细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的探讨ｎ３脂肪酸、１,６二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺对移植小肠粘膜细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。方法１９６只近交系Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分别作为供、受体行全小肠异位移植,术前和术后分别用ｎ３脂肪酸灌胃、１,６二磷酸果糖及谷氨酰胺静脉输注１０天,应用流式细胞术和细胞凋亡原位检测的方法分析小肠粘膜细胞增殖和凋亡的变化。结果移植小肠粘膜细胞增殖低下,凋亡增加。补充外源性ｎ３脂肪酸、１,６二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺后,移植小肠粘膜细胞的增殖加速,凋亡减少。结论ｎ３脂肪酸、１,６二磷酸果糖和谷氨酰胺特殊营养支持可显著地增加移植小肠粘膜细胞的增殖活性,同时也不同程度地抑制细胞凋亡发生,这种调控作用有助于改善移植小肠的结构和吸收功能。     

应用1,6-二磷酸果糖输液器制作氧气导管

为了物尽其用 ,1999年笔者将本科剩余的 1,6 -二磷酸果糖输液器 (意大利罗莎公司生产 ,下称输液器 )改制成带有鼻塞的氧气导管 ,供单人和双人给氧使用。经临床应用 182例 ,效果满意。制作方法 :1单人氧气导管。取输液器 1副 ,剪去胶管侧头皮针接头的橡胶狭窄段 ,保留橡胶膨隆部 (呈圆柱形当鼻塞用 )即可。 2双人氧气导管。取输液器 2副 ,将其中 1副仿上法制作成氧气导管主管 ;将另一副的莫菲氏滴管剪去 ,接头皮针接头 ,剪去胶管侧头皮针接头的橡胶狭窄段 ,保留橡胶膨隆部备用 (辅管 )。使用方法 :1单人氧气导管的使用。将单人氧气导管针头插…     

肝细胞生长因子对大鼠移植小肠吸收功能及功能酶活性的影响

目的研究肝细胞生长因子(HGF)对移植小肠吸收功能是否具有保护作用。方法20只近交系Wistar(RT1k)大鼠行异位全小肠移植后第2天开始分2组给予肠外营养(TPN)至第10天,常规TPN支持为对照组;常规TPN支持的同时加用HGF(150μg·kg-1·d-1)为HGF组,两组完成小肠移植及TPN支持的大鼠分别测定移植肠对稳定性同位素15N标记的甘氨酸(15N-Gly)的吸收功能和移植肠黏膜功能酶包括双糖酶(乳糖酶、蔗糖酶及麦芽糖酶)及Na+-K+ATP酶活性,观察移植肠对氨基酸吸收能力的变化及功能酶改变。结果HGF组1、2、3h时血浆15N-Gly丰度值分别为1.875%、2.314%和2.479%,对照组分别为0.205%、0.683%和0.823%;HGF组血浆15N-Gly丰度分别为对照组的9.2倍(P=0.006)、3.4倍(P=0.003)和3.0倍(P=0.01)。HGF组及对照组移植肠黏膜Na+-K+ATP酶活性均明显低于正常基准(P<0.05),两组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。对照组双糖酶活性较正常基准明显降低(P<0.05),HGF组双糖酶活性较基准下降不明显(P>0.05),且明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论HGF能保护大鼠移植小肠对氨基酸的吸收功能及功能酶活性。     

猪异体节段性移植小肠吸收功能的研究

猪异体节段性移植小肠吸收功能的研究赵允召，黎介寿，李宁，廖彩仙，吴学豪，李国立，李幼生本实验通过自体小肠前后对照，对二步法移植的小肠在术后不同时期测定其对糖、脂肪酸、氨基酸、吸收功能的恢复情况，系统了解小肠节段性移植后移植肠对三大营养素吸收功能的恢复...     

长期应用n-3多不饱和脂肪酸可减轻大鼠移植小肠慢性排斥反应

与其他实体器官移植相比,小肠移植的长期效果不理想.肠道存在大量的淋巴组织,肠道黏膜对缺血损伤的高度灵敏以及经常接触环境刺激等均为移植小肠易发生排斥反应和感染的原因.除了难以控制的急性排斥反应和致命的感染外,慢性排斥反应也是导致小肠移植失败的主要原因之一.     

生长激素和谷氨酰胺对小肠移植受体大鼠蛋白质代谢的影响

目的 观察谷氨酰胺强化的ＴＰＮ和生长激素对异基因小肠移植受体大鼠蛋白质代谢的调节作用。方法 ２４例异基因异位小肠移植受体大鼠（ＳＤ→Ｗｉｓｔａｒ）,根据术后营养支持方案的不同随机分为４组,每组６只大鼠：Ⅰ组;标准ＴＰＮ组（ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄＴＰＮ,ＳＴＰＮ）;Ⅱ组;谷氨酰胺强化ＴＰＮ组（ｇｌｕｔａｍｉｎｅ－ｅｎｒｉｃｈｅｄ ＴＰＮ,ＧＴＰＮ）;Ⅲ组;重组人生长激素（ｒｈＧＨ）加ＳＴＰＮ组（ＧＨ／Ｓ     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对乙状结肠癌根治术患者的抗氧化作用

1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)是糖酵解过程中的一种中间产物,能激活糖酵解途径中的限速酶,且能直接进入细胞内作为能量底物供能,使细胞内ATP含量增加;同时具有钙拮抗作用及稳定生物膜,降低有害因子如氧自由基的损害。本研究拟观察FDP用于乙状结肠癌根治术患者的抗氧化作用。     

小肠移植后肠管早期吸收功能的研究

目的探讨小肠移植后早期移植肠管吸收功能状况。方法采用改良的Ｍｏｎｃｈｉｋ法施行大鼠节段性原位小肠移植。分为对照组（ＷｉｓｔｅｒＷｉｓｔｅｒ）和排斥反应组（ＢＮＷｉｓｔｅｒ）。移植后定期测量体重、血糖吸收值及病理组织学检查。结果麦芽糖吸收试验显示各组在移植３０分钟后血糖吸收值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）,然后逐渐恢复;急性排斥反应发生时,与对照组相比血糖吸收值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。病理学检查再灌注后肠管粘膜呈再灌注损伤性改变;急性排斥反应组于移植后４日前与对照组相同,之后逐渐出现粘膜层炎性细胞浸润、肠管淋巴结肿大、结构破坏。结论小肠移植后早期,移植肠管存在着吸收功能,由于再灌注损伤,吸收功能低下。移植后１周左右肠管吸收功能基本上得到恢复。     

1,6-二磷酸果糖对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术后患者肾功能的影响

目的 评价1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)对体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术后患者肾功能的影响.方法 择期在CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者40例,随机分为对照组(C组)和FDP组(F组),每组20例.F组术中FDP 200 mg/kg注入预充液中随机转入体内,术后1～3 d均静脉输注FDP200 mg·kg-1·d-1,C组静脉输注等容量生理盐水.分别于术前(T0)、术后1 d(T1)、术后3 d(T3)、术后5d(T5)、术后7 d(T7)取静脉血及留取新鲜晨尿,检测尿中视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、N-已酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖酐酶(NAG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平及血清β2-MG、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)浓度.结果 与T0时相比,C组T1,3时血清BUN及Cr,T3时血清β2-MG,T1,3,5,7时尿β2-MG、RBP及NAG的水平升高,F组T1,3时尿β2-MG、RBP、T5时尿NAG的水平升高(P＜0.05);与C组相比,F组T1,3时血清BUN,T3时血清Cr和β1-MG,T1,3,5,7时尿β2-MG、RBP及NAG的水平降低(P＜0.05).结论 FDP对CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术后肾功能产生保护作用.     

Effect of n-3 fatty acids on nutritional status and inflammatory markers in haemodialysis patients

AIMS: Nutrition as an aetiological factor participates a great deal in premature atherosclerosis in haemodialysis (HD) patients. The basic mechanisms of end-stage renal disease and premature atherosclerosis are connected with changes in cell functions at the membrane level. We investigated the red cell membrane fatty acids and the effects of fish oil supplements on nutritional status and inflammatory markers in HD patients. METHODS: We examined 42 HD patients (mean age 55 +/- 8 years). The control group consisted of 16 healthy subjects of similar age and sex to the tested group. HD patients were administered supplements with 2.4 g of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day for 2 months. Before and after supplementation, we examined plasma lipids, cell membrane erythrocyte phospholipids content, serum albumin, haemoglobin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). RESULTS: Baseline values in the tested group confirmed the presence of essential fatty acids deficiency. A statistically significant negative correlation between TNF-alpha and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.497; P < 0.05) and IL-6 and EPA (r = -468; P = 0.03) was found in HD patients before supplementation. There was a significant increase in docosahexaenoic acids, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma albumin, haemoglobin levels in HD patients after supplementation (P = 0.0001). There was a significant increase in EPA (P = 0.01) after treatment, and there was a significant decrease in inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-alpha, P = 0.0001) after supplementation in the tested group. CONCLUSION: A dietary regime with fish oil could be used in dialysis patients to slow down the development of atherosclerosis and improve nutritional parameters.     

膳食多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6)/(n-3)不同比率对尾悬吊大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的 研究多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6)／(n-3)的不同比率对悬吊大鼠骨代谢和组织脂肪酸成分的影响，为失重骨丢失的防护提供实验依据。方法 SD大鼠随机分5组，分别为：Ⅰ组：(n-6)／(n-3)=7．79、Ⅱ组：(n-6)／(n-3)=3．75、Ⅲ组：(n-6)／(n-3)=1．47、SC组：悬吊对照组、FAC组：自由活动对照组。每天上午9：00灌胃，实验期为21d。结果 与SC组相比，Ⅲ组大鼠血清骨钙素含量显著增加，股骨生物力学指标明显改善；随着(n-6)／(n-3)PUFA比率的降低，肝脂中花生四烯酸(从20：4n-6)含量降低，n-3PUFA含量上升。结论 降低膳食(n-6)／(n-3)PUFA比率可改善尾悬吊大鼠的骨代谢和骨结构，提高骨生物力学性能。     

富含谷氨酰胺二肽的新型氨基酸对全肠外营养短肠综合征大鼠血清蛋白及肝功能的影响

目的观察富含谷氨酰胺二肽的新型氨基酸对Wistar大鼠短肠模型血清蛋白和肝功能的影响及探讨其减轻脂肪乳剂引起肝损害的作用机制.方法30只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为富含谷氨酰胺二肽新型氨基酸组(20AA组)、标准组(17AA组)、无氮组,观察不同组动物之间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白(pre-albumin,PA)、纤维结合蛋白(fibronectin,FN)以及丙氨酸转氨酶和胆红素的变化.结果20AA组血清总蛋白、纤维结合蛋白与17AA组相比无明显差别,但高于无氮组(P＜0.05),白蛋白、前白蛋白明显高于17AA组和无氮组(P＜0.05);总胆红素和直接胆红素3组之间均有差别,20AA组最低(P＜0.05).结论富含谷氨酰胺二肽新型氨基酸能提高短肠综合征大鼠血清白蛋白、前白蛋白的含量,抑制全肠外营养(TPN)引起的肝内淤胆作用,减轻脂肪乳剂对肝功能损害,增强其生存能力.     

Association of plasma n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with synovitis in the knee: the MOST study

In osteoarthritis (OA) the synovium is often inflamed and inflammatory cytokines contribute to cartilage damage. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory effects whereas omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) have, on balance, proinflammatory effects. The goal of our study was to assess the association of fasting plasma phospholipid n-6 and n-3 PUFAs with synovitis as measured by synovial thickening on contrast enhanced (CE) knee MRI and cartilage damage among subjects in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). MOST is a cohort study of individuals who have or are at high risk of knee OA. An unselected subset of participants who volunteered obtained CE 1.5T MRI of one knee. Synovitis was scored in six compartments and a summary score was created. This subset also had fasting plasma, analyzed by gas chromatography for phospholipid fatty acid content, and non-CE MRI, read for cartilage morphology according to the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) method. The association between synovitis and cartilage morphology and plasma PUFAs was assessed using logistic regression after controlling for the effects of age, sex, and BMI. 472 out of 535 subjects with CE MRI had complete data on synovitis, cartilage morphology and plasma phospholipids. Mean age was 60 years, mean BMI 30, and 50% were women. We found an inverse relation between total n-3 PUFAs and the specific n-3, docosahexaenoic acid with patellofemoral cartilage loss, but not tibiofemoral cartilage loss or synovitis. A positive association was observed between the n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid, and synovitis. In conclusion, systemic levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs which are influenced by diet, may be related to selected structural findings in knees with or at risk of OA. Future studies manipulating the systemic levels of these fatty acids may be warranted to determine the effects on structural damage in knee OA.     

依达拉奉和1,6-二磷酸果糖联合应用对心脏瓣膜置换手术患者的心肌保护作用

目的探讨氧自由基清除剂依达拉奉和能量代谢调节剂1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)联合应用在CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换手术患者的心肌保护作用。方法选取ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级、拟在CPB下行二尖瓣置换、主动脉瓣置换和联合瓣膜置换术患者40例。随机均分为对照组(A组)、依达拉奉组(B组)、FDP组(C组)和联合用药组(D组)。A组给予等容量生理盐水;B组将依达拉奉0.5mg/kg一次性加入CPB预充液中;C组于主动脉阻断前15min静脉滴注FDP 200mg/kg;D组为将依达拉奉0.5mg/kg一次性加入CPB预充液中,并于主动脉阻断前15min静脉滴注FDP 200mg/kg。分别于麻醉后切皮前(T1)、主动脉阻断前(T2)、CPB停止后2h(T3)、CPB停止后6h(T4)和术后24h(T5)采集桡动脉血,测定血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)浓度;血浆肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的浓度并记录两组临床效果。结果与T1时比较,T2～T4时A组血浆SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);T3～T5时四组血浆MDA浓度明显升高、CK-MB活性明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);T2～T5时四组血浆cTnI浓度明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与A组比较,T2～T4时B、C、D组血浆SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05);T3、T4时B、C、D组血浆MDA浓度、T3～T5时B、C、D组血浆CK-MB活性明显降低,T3时B、C、D组和T4时B、D组cTnI浓度明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与D组比较,T3、T4时B、C组血浆cTnI浓度明显升高(P<0.05)。术中多巴胺最大用量、术后24h引流量A组明显多于D组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉或FDP单独用药可以减轻心肌缺血-再灌注损伤,两者联合用药作用更加明显。     

Supplementation with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: effects on lipoxygenase activity and clinical symptoms of pruritus in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of supplementation with different sources of oils rich in long chain fatty acids, ie, fish oil (FO) and safflower oil (SO), on the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in hemodialysis patients and the consequent effects on the symptoms of pruritus. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, double-blind study for 2 treatment groups. SETTING: Three Medical Center-affiliated units. PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients on maintenance hemodialysis, of both sexes, age > or = 20 years with complaint of dry and/or itchy skin. INTERVENTION: Two groups of patients receiving daily supplements of 6 g ethyl ester of FO or SO for 16 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile, LTB 4 production by PMNLs, and pruritus symptoms at baseline and after supplementation. RESULTS: After supplementation, the FO group had a higher RBC 22:6n3, total n-3 fatty acids, and ratio of total n-3 to total n-6 fatty acids (P < .05) than the SO group. The change in LTB4 production (pg/mL) from baseline to week 16 was 240.7 +/- 200.2 to 29.2 +/- 14.6 in the FO group and from 171.1 +/- 121.7 to 31.9 +/- 14.7 in the SO group. The overall pruritus score change was 16.7 +/- 11.4 to 8.9 +/- 9.2 in the FO group and from 17.5 +/- 8.8 to 13.1 +/- 5.6 in the SO group. FO supplementation did not result in a significant specific effect on LTB4 production by the PMNLs. There was a nonsignificant decrease in the pruritus scores that could be clinically significant and important to patients suffering with this condition. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with FO results in significant incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in the RBCs. Intervention with both FO and SO resulted in a nonsignificant improvement of clinical symptoms of pruritus and a nonsignificant reduction in LTB 4 production by PMNLs in the hemodialysis patients. The percent decrease in total puritus score was greater for the FO group compared with the SO group.     

恶性阻塞性黄疸术后早期肠内营养对肝肾功能影响的临床研究

目的研究恶性阻塞性黄痘手术后早期肠内营养支持（EEN）与全肠外营齐支持（TPN）对肝、肾功能的影响。方法将2003年1月至2004年5月收治的37例恶性阻塞性黄疸病人术后随机分为EEN组（17例）和TPN组（20例），均于术后第2天晨（48h内）开始进行营养支持，EEN液经空肠造口管以肠内营齐输注泵滴入，TPN液经深静脉置管滴入。术前及术后第5、7天监测肝、肾功能，进行统计学分析。结果肝功能检测值EEN组恢复速度较TPN组快，其中血总胆红素（TB）和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（1-GT）于术后第7天时两组差异有统计学意义。肾功能检测值EEN组术后升高幅度较TPN组低、恢复较快，其中尿转铁蛋白（TRF）、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄苷酶（NAG）、α1-微球蛋白（α1，mG）于术后第7天两组差异有统计学意义。结论早期肠内营养支持在促进恶性阻塞性黄疸术后肝、肾功能恢复方面优于全肠外营养支持。     

Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in leukocytes and prostate tissue in men with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to the risk of prostate cancer; the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was also compared to prostate tissue levels of n-3 PUFAs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prostate tissue was obtained and leukocytes isolated from 20 men with prostate cancer and 35 with BPH. The n-3 PUFAs alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were measured in prostate tissue and in peripheral blood leukocytes using gas chromatography. PSA levels were measured in all of the men. RESULTS: There was a strong positive correlation between EPA and DHA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue (EPA: r = 0.80, DHA: r = 0.53, both P < 0.001) in all the men, whereas there was no association between the content of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue (r = -0.15). Men with BPH had similar levels of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue, but men with prostate cancer had more ALA in prostate tissue than in leukocytes. The PSA level was significantly positively correlated with ALA level in prostate tissue (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between PSA level and EPA and DHA levels. There were no significant correlations between PSA level and n-3 PUFA levels in leukocytes. CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of the marine n-3 PUFAs reflected in EPA and DHA levels in leukocytes are also reflected in EPA and DHA levels in prostate tissue in men with and without prostate cancer. However, there is a discrepancy between the levels of ALA in leukocytes and in prostate tissue, with higher levels in men with prostate cancer. This is in accordance with the strong positive association between PSA and ALA levels in prostate tissue. This study therefore does not support the hypothesis that intake of marine n-3 PUFAs might protect against prostate cancer, but lends support to the deleterious role of ALA in the development of prostate cancer.