超声生物显微镜在激光治疗闭角型青光眼对象选择及疗效评价方面的应用

目的探讨超声生物显微镜（ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM）在激光虹膜周边切除术和激光周边虹膜成形术治疗早期闭角型青光眼选择对象和评价疗效方面的作用。方法32例48眼原发性闭角型青光眼的患者，按照UBM检查分2组：A组14例22眼，均为虹膜膨隆型，做Q开关Nd：YAG激光虹膜周边切除术；B组18例26眼均为虹膜高坪型，做倍频Nd：YAG激光虹膜周边成形术。结果术后3个月32例患者的平均眼压从术前的（22．2±3．4）mmHg（1kPa=7．5mmHg）降到（17．5±1．8）mmHg；平均用药指数从（2．5±1．5）分降到（1．1±0．8）分。激光治疗前后相比，A组和B组小梁虹膜夹角分别增加了7°和9°，房角开放距离（ADD500）分别增加了130μm和155μm，晶状体虹膜角分别减少了9°和6°，虹膜悬韧带距离分别减少了24μm和13μm，差异有明显统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论用UBM为激光虹膜周边切除术和激光虹膜周边成形术治疗早期闭角型青光眼选择对象和评价疗效是准确可靠的。[眼科新进展2007；27（3）：221．223]     

激光周边虹膜成形术的临床观察

通过对３６例５６只原发性急、慢性闭角型青光眼施行倍频Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光周边虹膜成形术后的临床观察，随访１—６月（平均４．２月），结果显示：８０—８３％眼的眼压得到控制，７３．６％眼减少了抗青光眼药物的用量，８３％眼房角增宽，６２．５％眼周边前房深度加深，３７％眼房角粘连范围减轻或重新开放。提示：激光周边虹膜成形术对治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼发作期的患眼、周边虹膜切除术后眼压控制不理想者、慢性闭角型青光眼早期或房角粘连范围不大者有较大的实用价值。     

改良氩激光周边虹膜成形术后前房角的改变

目的 探讨采用改良氩激光周边虹膜成形术后中晚期闭角型青光眼前房角的改变及疗效。方法 对20例34眼前房角关闭270°～360°,虹膜膨隆型及高褶虹膜型的中晚期闭角型青光眼,采用大光斑、低能量的曲线形、斜照、略模糊光斑光凝的改良氩激光周边虹膜成形术式。 结果 术后随访6～24个月,平均10.8 个月,其中1年以上者14例26眼。15例26眼眼压控制≤21 mmHg(76.47％);28眼周边前房加深,房角粘连范闱减轻或重新开放(82.35%) 全部治疗眼的周边虹膜皱缩,堆积现象缓解,并发症少,有效地保护了患者仅存的视功能。结论 改良氩激光周边虹膜成形术是治疗中、晚期闭角型青光眼的有效方法之一     

氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗青光眼急性发作的临床研究

目的探讨氪激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作的安全性和有效性。方法原发性闭角型青光眼第一次急性发作者，经检查确诊后立即给予1％匹罗卡品及0．5％噻吗心安点眼，1h后眼压仍不能下降至40mmHg以下者24例24眼行氪激光周边虹膜成形术，观察治疗前及治疗后30min、1、2、24h的症状、视力、角膜水肿、眼压及前房角变化。结果氪激光周边虹膜成形术30min后，眼压从42～81mmHg降至25～72mmHg，平均下降10．7％；术后1h眼压为15～47mmHg，平均下降58．2％；术后2h眼压为12～28mmHg，平均下降71．4％；术后24h眼压为9—18mmHg，均降至正常，平均下降82．7％。激光治疗后患者不适症状迅速缓解，视力快速提高，角膜水肿消退，前房角有不同程度的加宽。结论氪激光周边虹膜成形术能机械性拉开房角，迅速降低原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作期的眼压，起效快，并发症少，是治疗青光眼急性发作的一种安全有效的方法。     

半导体激光360°虹膜周边成形术联合YAG虹膜周边切开术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的探讨半导体、YAG激光360°虹膜周边成形术联合虹膜周边切除术对闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法对96例151眼闭角型青光眼行半导体激光360°虹膜周边成形术联合YAG虹膜周边切开术。结果激光孔通畅100%,其中治愈115眼,好转34眼,其中3眼需两种以上眼药控制,2眼需行手术治疗。房角开放,周边前房加深,术前术后比较,有显著差异性(P<0.01)。不良反应有术后暂时性眼压升高,术中虹膜出血,角膜灼伤,前部色素炎性反应等。结论联合激光360°虹膜周边成形术及虹膜周边切除术,操作简单。效果确切,并发症少,是治疗闭角型青光眼的理想术式。     

激光周边虹膜成形术治疗青光眼急性发作

目的　评估激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作的效果。方法　 2 1眼原发性闭角型青光眼第一次急性发作时以 2 %匹罗卡品、0 5 %噻吗心安滴眼液滴眼 ,立即行激光周边虹膜成形术治疗 ,15、3 0、60、90min后测量眼压。结果　激光周边虹膜成形术后 15min后 ,眼压从 3 9～ 68mmHg ,平均 ( 5 1 5± 9 4)mmHg( 1mmHg =0 13 3kPa) ,下降到 19～ 60mmHg平均 ( 3 6 1± 10 7)mmHg ,平均下降 3 0 % ;术后 3 0min眼压为 11～ 5 0mmHg ,平均 ( 2 9 6± 11 2 )mmHg ,平均下降 42 5 % ;术后 60min眼压 10～ 3 8mmHg ,平均 ( 18 9± 9 6)mmHg ,平均下降 63 3 % ;术后 90min眼压为 8～ 3 8mmHg ,平均 ( 17 1± 10 2 )mmHg ,平均下降 66 8% ;15眼术后 90min眼压≤ 2 1mmHg。结论　激光周边虹膜成形术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼急性发作是有效的。     

激光周边虹膜成形术联合周边虹膜切除术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼

目的探讨采用联合激光技术治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的疗效。方法对２０例（３７只眼）早期原发性慢性闭角型高褶虹膜型青光眼，一次性行氩激光周边虹膜成形术联合氩激光加ＮｄＹＡＧ激光周边虹膜切除术（联合激光手术）。结果随访８个月至４年零７个月，平均２．７年。１７例（３２只眼）获得满意疗效，在观察期内无青光眼急性发作，眼压从５．８０±１．０４ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）下降到２．７４ｋＰａ以下，周边前房加深，房角增宽，虹膜皱缩，有效地防止了房角的进一步粘连，８６．７％的患者暗室试验转阴性。结论联合激光手术是治疗高褶虹膜型青光眼的有效方法之一。     

周边虹膜切除与YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗早期闭角型青光眼的临床比较

目的 探讨周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术对早期闭角型青光眼的疗效差异.方法 一组采用周边虹膜切除术,90例97只眼;另一组采用YAG激光周边虹膜切除术作对照组,167例193只眼,随访观察1个月至5年.结果 周边虹膜切除术组术后发现有3例残留虹膜色素层,激光组术后激光孔1例闭合,经再次激光扩大后,激光孔可见,未再闭合.另虹切组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg者4例,激光组术后眼压控制超过20mmHg的7例.结论 周边虹膜切除术与YAG激光虹膜切除术均能有效地治疗早期闭角型青光眼.介于激光痛苦小,费用低的特点,继发性瞳孔闭锁性青光眼以及绝大多数早期闭角型青光眼者,选择YAG激光优于周边虹膜切除术.但对于虹膜肥厚、色素较多者,周边虹膜切除术优于YAG激光虹膜切除术.对于虹膜高褶型青光眼,两种手术无显著差异.     

不同房角粘连范围原发性闭角型青光眼激光治疗疗效的初步报告

目的了解激光周边虹膜切开术或联合激光周边虹膜成形术对治疗不同房角粘连状态的原发性闭角型青光眼（VACG）患者的疗效。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象PACG患者80例（128眼）。方法按房角不同状态分为3组：A组为房角未粘连关闭（37眼）;B组为房角粘连关闭小于180°（61眼）;C组为房角粘连关闭≥180°,但无明显青光眼性视神经病变（30眼）。全部患者行激光周边虹膜切开术,对于术后眼压仍〉21mmHg或暗室试验阳性者,联合激光虹膜成形术治疗。术后随访1—4年。主要指标眼压、用药种类、视力。结果3组病例激光治疗前眼压为（15．5±5．23）mmHg,最后的随访眼压为（14．7±2．8）mmHg（t=2．167,P=0．032）;激光治疗后青光眼降眼压用药明显减少（t=13．025,P=0．000）、前房角镜和UBM显示房角不同程度的变宽,激光虹膜切开术后暗室试验阳性者激光虹膜成形术后有91．8％转为阴性。结论本研究结果提示激光周边虹膜切开术或联合激光虹膜成形术不仅对房角粘连关闭小于180°的早期青光眼有效,对房角粘连大于或等于180°的PACG可能同样具有一定的疗效。今后需要前瞻性研究来进一步证实。     

激光周边虹膜成形及切除术治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼

目的：探讨激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,治疗药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼的效果和安全性。方法：选取药物治疗24h后眼压仍高于21mmHg的原发性急性闭角型青光眼15例17眼和白内障膨胀期继发的急性闭角型青光眼4例4眼,共19例21眼,采用激光周边虹膜成形联合周边虹膜切除术,术后24h观察视力、眼压、角膜、周边前房深度、房角及并发症。结果：所有患者激光术后24h眼压均有大幅度的下降,术前眼压53.09±11.01mmHg,术后24h眼压下降至14.98±4.21mmHg,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01 ）。术后视力由术前手动～0.3提高至0.1～1.0。所有患者角膜水肿减轻或消退,周边前房深度增加,房角不同程度开放。其中虹膜出血11眼（52.4%）,轻度反应性虹膜炎21眼（100%）,无1眼发生角膜灼伤。结论：激光周边虹膜切除联合周边虹膜成形术,是降低药物难控制的急性闭角型青光眼眼压的一种安全有效的方法。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.