高职药学专业订单培养的课程设置

基于校企合作制定高职药学专业“订单式”人才培养方案,构建相适应的课程体系,满足企业就业岗位的技能和素质的需要,是达成高职药学专业应用型人才培养目标的关键所在.     

高职药学专业人才培养模式的探索与实践

以适应社会需要为目标,以培养技术应用能力为主线,设计学生的知识、能力、素质结构和培养方案;注重基础理论知识的适度整合和技术应用能力的熟练强化;建立以能力为本位的课程体系,突出对学生实践能力、创新能力和创业能力的培养。经过3年的专业建设,探索出一条新的高职人才培养模式     

高职药学专业学生实践技能的培养

在高职药学教育中,学生实践技能的培养是非常重要的一个教学环节.本文从“工学结合”的才培养模式的实施、建设稳定的药学实践教学基地、以实践技能掌握为主线来重组实训内容、改革教学方法和手段、建立实训教学效果的考评体系和加强实习教学环节等几个方面探讨如何培养药学专业学生的实践技能.突出学生实践技能的培养,是社会发展的必然趋势,...     

高职院校临床药学专业方向学生药学服务能力的探索与实践

目的 本研究基于药学服务发展的需要,构建高职院校临床药学专业方向药学服务人才培养体系.方法 对基层卫生单位开展药学服务的现状和患者对药学服务的需求情况进行问卷调查和关联分析.结果 以地方药学服务岗位需求为依据,改革临床药学专业方向课程体系,提升药学服务能力训练,探索面向药学服务的教学方式方法和师资培养模式.结论 形成具...     

高职药学类专业药学服务实训项目的设计与实践

目的:为培养高职药学类专业学生的药学服务能力提供参考。方法:根据我国现行规章制度以及行业需求,设计并实施了药品说明书的编写、药品包装盒的设计、药历书写、处方审核和处方调剂、用药咨询、投诉应对等六个药学服务实训项目,并通过问卷调查和座谈等方式考察学生对实训的态度、满意度、难度和收获。结果:相对于传统教学方式,本次药学服务技能实训效果显著。经调查,91.3%的学生对于实训的态度选择了"很喜欢"和"非常喜欢";对实训的满意度也较高,且女生的满意度高于男生;而对于实训的难度,学生认为比课程实验的难度大;在实训获得的收获方面,"表达交流"项得分最高。结论:我院设计的药学服务实训项目效果显著,学生满意程度较高,有助于其表达交流、独立思考能力的提高。     

高职药学类专业实施开放式人才培养模式的实践与探讨

开放式办学是高职教育改革的趋势,是高职院校自身发展的要求。以本院高职药学类专业为例,探索和实践开放式的办学模式,培养高职适用人才。     

药学类高职院校实施“以学生为本”的创新人才培养模式探索

以学生为本是以学生为中心,围绕学生的成长和实际出发的教育理念,创新型人才的培养依赖于雄厚的教师队伍和合理的学科设置,包括学生的基础和专业教学、专业与交叉学科、教学与科研等,同时还要注重学生创新意识培养,增设创业教育课程等。在校期间要鼓励学生参与学校管理和社会实践,激发创新精神,强化实践能力,使学生做到自主选择、自我负责,才能为社会培养创新型人才。     

第三军医大学药学人才培养模式改革的探索与实践

该文结合国内外药学教育现状,阐述了第三军医大学以建立本科生导师制、改革药学专业实验课程、建设多元化"网格型"的教学实践基地、严格毕业论文监控体系等方式进行药学人材培养模式改革的探索与实践。     

药学硕士专业学位研究生校企联合培养实践基地建设的探索

校企联合培养实践基地的建设在推进药学硕士专业学位研究生培养模式改革、促进校企双方资源整合方面具有积极的意义。在分析新形势下实践基地建设需求的基础上,介绍了山东大学在药学硕士校企联合培养实践基地的建设中,以“四个聚焦,四个转变”为指导,在校企合作模式、校内外师资队伍建设、转变学习方式和管理模式方面所进行的有益尝试;并对基地的长效运行机制进行了积极探索。     

各国及地区药学教育实践培养模式比较及启示

对比各国及地区药学教育中的实践培养模式,找出特点及有益的经验,包括延长实践时间,内容设置与临床应用、新药开发等使理论与实践联系紧密,更具有针对性;拓宽实践渠道,突出培养特色;加强实践与人文教育相结合;严格药剂师准入制度及提高继续教育考评标准,从而创立符合我国国情的药学人才实践培养道路。     

Applying action research in pharmacy practice

Medication errors are closely associated with patient safety, as they affect quality of health care. Pharmacists play a key role in preventing such errors to ensure patient safety and enhance pharmacy service quality. Quality improvement has been suggested to be incorporated into daily practice, providing practitioners an opportunity to identify service delivery gaps and configure solutions fitting the context. This paradigm is similar to the concept of action research (AR); therefore, this research approach is deemed appropriate for improving the quality of pharmacy practice. AR is context-specific, dynamic, and systematic and is driven by a spiral process to identify problems, design solutions, and evaluate the impacts of the solution. Since AR uses multiple methods, including a spiral process, confusion may arise among practicing pharmacists and novice researchers interested in using it. This paper aims to describe key information regarding AR, including its brief history and definition, spiral process, and research methods used for data collection, key characteristics, and common limitations to help readers understand the AR protocol.     

Implementation of behaviour change training in practice amongst pharmacy professionals in primary care settings: Analysis using the COM-B model

BackgroundThe Pharmacy Integration Fund (PhIF) was established in England in 2016, with funded learning programmes or ‘pathways’ designed to support the development of clinical pharmacy practice in a range of settings. Despite pharmacy staff being well positioned to provide more clinical work, limited research has investigated behaviour change training targeted at widespread practice transformation.Objective(s)To investigate implementation of PhIF learning in practice, using the COM-B model of behaviour change.MethodsAn online survey distributed in February and October 2020 included questions on motivations for learning, confidence in target behaviours and impact of PhIF training on behaviour. The October 2020 survey also included questions exploring the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative data were analysed in SPSS. v.27 (IBM). Inferential statistics were used to compare between the pathways (Primary care pathways [PCP], Post-registration pathway [PRP] and Accuracy Checking Pharmacy Technician [ACPT] pathway). Free text comments were categorised and themed.ResultsThree-hundred and eighty-three responses were received (49% PRP learners, 39% PCP learners and 12% ACPT learners). Learners generally had the capacity and opportunities to apply learning, and were strongly motivated to implement behaviours in practice, although learners based in community pharmacy (those on the PRP) were less likely to report receiving employer support. Enhanced knowledge/skills (capacity) were more commonly reported than change to patient-facing activities, leading clinical services and conducting medication reviews with patients with complex needs (clinical practice behaviours targeted by the pathways). The COVID-19 pandemic heightened barriers to implementing practice change.ConclusionsImplementation of a range of clinical practice behaviours following at scale training appears to have been largely successful. Despite this, the community pharmacy context, where funded service opportunities may be lacking, continues to present challenges to workforce transformation plans. More work is needed to understand how training can be implemented to promote practice change for pharmacy professionals in all settings.     

药学本科生专题实习带教的体会

药学本科生专题实习是提高学生科研能力的重要途径。本文结合专题实习带教工作实践,就如何做好专题实习带教工作提出建议,为药学本科生毕业实习改革提供借鉴。     

Advancing pharmacy technician training and practice models in the United States: Historical perspectives,workforce development needs,and future opportunities

The United States healthcare system faces immense challenges related to cost, quality, and access. As the pharmacy profession addresses these challenges by shifting toward a practice model centered around direct patient care clinical services, a competent and capable technician workforce is needed to support the roles of pharmacists. Until recently, little focus has been paid to pharmacy technicians or their role as they relate to practice model change. With ongoing pharmacist practice transformation, an approach that ensures uniform technician education, training, registration, and certification is vital to support a practice model designed to transform medication management across the continuum of care. The purpose of this commentary is three-fold: to review the history of pharmacy technician training and practice, discuss current and future technician practice models, and examine workforce development implications.     

Use of the Delphi technique in pharmacy practice research

Consensus research methods are used in health services research to generate evidence through systematic means of measuring collective agreement and developing consensus from experts of a subject matter. Delphi technique is the most commonly reported consensus research method and is a structured, multistage interaction method to determine consensus using repetitive administration of anonymous questionnaires across two or three rounds. The Delphi technique is increasingly being used in pharmacy practice research. Despite its wide use in the development of statements of policies, guidelines, and performance indicators, there is lack of standardized guidelines and criteria to support the Delphi technique study design, conduct, and reporting, leading to inconsistent approaches and methodological difficulties among researchers. In this themed article, we provide the reader with a collation of best practices and highlight key methodological issues and areas of uncertainty of the Delphi method, especially as it pertains to pharmacy practice research.     

Using normalisation process theory to understand implementation of integrated multi-sector pre-registration trainee pharmacy technician training

BackgroundThe pre-registration trainee pharmacy technician (PTPT) integrated training programme is a workforce intervention designed to train PTPTs in multiple sectors. The programme recruited 35 PTPTs to 2-year training posts which involved employment in one sector, and a minimum of 12 weeks' work-based training in ≥2 further settings each year.AimTo identify facilitating and inhibiting factors to implementation of the PTPT integrated training programme and make recommendations on ways to embed and maintain PTPT integrated training in routine practice.MethodsNormalisation Process Theory (NPT) constructs were used as a framework for analysis. Semi-structured interviews (14 PTPTs, 15 supervisors) explored PTPTs' learning and practice experiences over their 2-year training. A survey explored training outcomes (confidence and preparedness to practise) of integrated (n = 31) and single sector PTPTs (n = 39).ResultsWhilst some understood the intervention well, others had differing understandings of its purpose and potential benefits (coherence). Educational and practice supervisors acknowledged the importance of regular communication but reported difficulties implementing this due to time constraints (cognitive participation). PTPTs benefitted from having an educational supervisor oversee learning and progress over 2-years, and a practice supervisor for their day-to-day learning. PTPTs' experiences of supervision were inconsistent due to variation in supervisors' availability, knowledge, experience, and level of support (collective action). Participants perceived the PTPT integrated training as supporting development of a flexible pharmacy technician workforce able to work across sectors. The survey found that integrated PTPTs felt significantly more prepared than single-sector PTPTs to work in different settings (reflective monitoring).ConclusionsPTPTs on the programme had better ability to work in different sectors. Improving implementation requires clear understanding of the intervention's purpose by all stakeholders; clarity on supervisors' roles/contributions; and effective communication between supervisors to create effective learning opportunities. Findings can inform implementation of future multi-sector education and training globally.     

The influence of learning environment on trainee pharmacy technicians' education and training experiences

Background

In Great Britain (GB), pharmacy technicians (PTs) are registered professionals, with their education and training regulated; little is known about this or the learning environment in which it takes place.

The ethical challenges in pharmacy practice in community Pharmacies: A qualitative study

BackgroundPharmacists as a group of health care professionals, face different types of ethical challenges in their everyday routine that may impede pharmaceutical care.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed at evaluation and recognition of the ethical challenges of pharmacy practice in community pharmacies.MethodsThis exploratory study was conducted as a qualitative study consisting of open-ended in-depth interviews and focus group discussions followed by content analysis. The study participants were chosen from pharmacists with PharmD degree who had at least 4 years work experience and were the founders or technical managers of community pharmacies, either as governmental or private. Interviews continued until data saturation and transcribed verbatim. The content analysis was done by Graneheim and Lundman method. The codes were generated, and categorized. After assessment and final modifications, the results of the study were discussed and confirmed in a focus group discussion conducted by 7 experts who teach medical ethics and/or pharmacy ethics.ResultsOverall, 40 pharmacists were interviewed (mean age 46 ± 11.3 years). The extracted ethical challenges of pharmacy practice were categorized into 3 main themes, 11 subthemes and 102 codes. The themes were achieved as challenges related to professionalism and professional practice, challenges related to professional communications and challenges related to regulations and policies.ConclusionTaken together, it seems that most of the challenges of pharmacy practice are related to professionalism and professional commitment; however, the regulations and policies provide serious obstacles for pharmacy practice and pharmaceutical care. More efforts towards teaching professionalism and modification of regulations and policies are recommended.