Correction of completely buried penis using the modified preputial island pedicle flap method.

The buried penis is a rare congenital abnormality caused by a deficiency of penile shaft skin and abnormal attachments of the dartos fascia to Buck's fascia. The basis for surgical correction is directed at freeing the penile shaft from abnormal dartos attachments, refixing dartos fascia to Buck's fascia to prevent retraction of the penis, and providing adequate shaft skin coverage with the inner preputial skin. The authors report a modified preputial island pedicle flap method for correcting the completely buried penis performed on 2 patients (ages 9 months and 1 year) at Nagoya City University Medical School.     

Circumcision in 'buried penis'--a cautionary tale

BACKGROUND: The aim of a circumcision is to remove sufficient foreskin from the penile shaft and preputial epithelium to uncover the glans. Removal of too much preputial skin may lead to an unsatisfactory cosmetic and functional result. Patients with a congenital anomaly known as 'buried penis' are particularly susceptible to this. In this condition, abnormal dartos fascial bands or muscle fibres tether the penile shaft and as a result conceal its true length. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old boy underwent circumcision but his 'buried penis' was not recognised by the surgeon pre-operatively. Unfortunately, his penile shaft was left almost entirely denuded of skin as a result. The wound required a full thickness graft. Follow-up at 1 year has so far been satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of early recognition of a buried penis when considering circumcision. It demonstrates the abnormal anatomy of a buried penis and its management. It also provides a potential reconstructive option in cases of excess skin removal.     

Increase apparent penile length by cryolipolysis in the reduction of male suprapubic fat

The buried or hidden penis in adults is troublesome in males, whereas the length of the penile shaft is buried under the skin surface of the suprapubic fat to a degree that reveals the concept of a little penis. We aimed to assess a new modality of treatment to increase the apparent penile length by using the cryolipolysis in the reduction of male suprapubic fat as a noninvasive procedure. This prospective study was performed on 46 male patients complaining of buried short apparent small size penis. All patients were subjected to full medical history, body mass index and examination of penile (length, size and abnormalities). The measures of the apparent penile length from the skin to the tip of the glans penis and suprapubic skin fold thickness using (adipometer) were recorded before the three consecutive suprapubic cryolipolysis sessions. The mean apparent stretched penile length at session 1, 2 and 3 were 12.1 ± 0.5 cm, 12.66 ± 0.48 and 12.88 ± 0.72, respectively, with a statistically significant increase between three sessions (p < .001), whereas the mean skin fold suprapubic fat at session 1, 2 and 3 was 2.99 ± 0.49 cm, 2.37 ± 0.48 and 2 ± 0.37, respectively, with a statistically significant decrease (p < .001). The cryolipolysis of suprapubic fat is a safe, effective, noninvasive and applicable procedure that successfully decreases the suprapubic fat in males and increases the apparent length of the buried penises.     

Der vergrabene Penis

The buried penis describes a bunch etiologies and clinical presentations of which the congenital form is rare. In the past different techniques had been described, using inner prepuce after mobilization to cover the penile shaft. This can lead to persistent edema of the skin. We developed a new technique to reduce the rate of postoperative edema.     

Buried penis. A novel approach

Buried penis is a congenital abnormality in which the phallus is concealed within the subcutaneous tissue. The corporal bodies and glans have developed normally. A deficiency of penile shaft skin in association with abnormal mobility of the skin gives rise to the phenotypic appearance. The skin defect may be related to an abnormal attachment of dartos muscle during embryogenesis. Correction of this condition requires separation of these abnormal muscular attachments and provision of skin coverage of the penile shaft. It is imperative not to circumcise the patient as this will worsen the skin deficiency. We describe a novel technique for correcting buried penis performed on 12 patients at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children. A satisfactory cosmetic result was obtained in all patients.     

Multi-institutional long-term experience with conservative surgery for invasive penile carcinoma

PURPOSE: Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis occurs on the glans, prepuce, glans and prepuce, coronal sulcus and shaft. Penile squamous cell carcinoma subsequently invades local structures, corpora cavernosa and the urethra, and metastasizes to the inguinal lymph nodes. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis usually requires total or partial penectomy. We studied the effect of primary tumor resections tailored to the anatomical extent of the cancer with preservation of uninvolved structures in select patients with invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients between 39 and 82 years old were treated with unconventional conservative surgical excision of the primary penile lesion. More than 130 patients were excluded from the study because they were treated with partial or total penectomy, Mohs' surgery or more extensive surgery. The 30 patients underwent preoperative biopsy with careful mapping of the extent of the disease. Patient age, tumor extent and grade, operative details, outcome and length of followup were analyzed. RESULTS: Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 8 cm. in diameter. Tumors were well differentiated in 19 patients, moderately differentiated in 5 and poorly differentiated in 6. A total of 17 patients underwent ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy, 12 of whom had pathologically positive lymph nodes. Inguinal radiation was used in 2 patients. Chemotherapy was given to 7 patients with extensive inguinal lymphadenopathy and to 2 of 5 with pathologically positive lymph nodes. Followup ranged from 12 to 360 months. A total of 21 patients had no evidence of disease at last followup. Tumor resection with no sacrifice of function was performed in 2 patients in whom 3 small recurrences developed. One patient with numerous tumors had 2 small recurrences, which were completely excised with no further recurrence. Of the 7 patients with advanced lymphadenopathy 5 and of 5 patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes at presentation 1 died of the cancer but had no local recurrence in the penis. CONCLUSIONS: In a minority of patients with anatomically suitable penile cancer conservative surgical techniques are safe and provide equal tumor control compared to conventional resections. The anatomical situation and tumor characteristics should dictate the choice of treatment for the primary penile lesion. Inguinal lymph nodes should be managed by appropriately established guidelines but should not influence the extent of primary penile lesion resection.     

A Novel Procedure of Prepuce Reconstruction Customized to the Religious Needs of Some Individuals

Background  Authors describe a novel procedure in a group of patients for prepuce reconstruction, ensuring complete glans penis coverage who had either been circumcised in childhood or had congenitally short prepuce. Methods  Case records of all cases done by the novel method which involved penile degloving and maintenance of neoprepuce, with the help of de-epithelization of glans penis and a few key sutures performed over the period from January 2010 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 46 patients, 32 had congenitally short prepuce and 14 had previous circumcision. Results  All the patients had complete glans penis coverage. None of the patients had complications like urinary infection, meatal stenosis, collection in neoprepucial sac, balanitis, or posthitis. The mean followup was 23.24 months in 37 patients. Nine lost to followup. Conclusions  The procedure is simple, gives reliable results, and is customized to the needs of the patients. It does not interfere with penile erections.     

长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂的疗效分析

目的 探讨长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂的疗效. 方法 2007年9月至2010年4月收治阴茎体型尿道下裂患儿28例,年龄1.5 ～6.0岁,平均2.0岁.均行长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术.尿道开口均位于阴茎体部,距离阴茎头顶端16 ～ 37 mm,平均25immn;分离尿道及纠正阴茎下曲后尿道缺损30 ～ 42 mm,平均38 mm.手术要点:沿尿道开口环形切开阴茎皮肤,分离至尿道板,横断尿道板,沿尿道板与海绵体之间分离隧道至阴茎头正中,隧道长度26～38 mm,平均33 mm.尿道开口至阴茎头之间全程由隧道贯通,尽量保持阴茎腹侧皮肤与组织完整,取带蒂包皮内板制作新尿道,将新尿道通过阴茎侧方深筋膜下通道转移至腹侧隧道进行吻合.术中人工勃起试验证实合并轻度阴茎下曲13例,无明显阴茎下曲15例. 结果 28例均一期修复成功,手术时间50～70 min,平均55min.随访时间6～31个月,平均20个月.28例患儿均排尿通畅,尿线粗直.尿道呈矢状开口于阴茎头正中,阴茎下曲纠正满意,外观好,未发生尿瘘或狭窄. 结论 长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术适用于无或合并轻度阴茎下曲的阴茎体型尿道下裂,尤其适合年龄小或阴茎体细小患儿,手术简单,效果好,外观满意.     

Penile length–somatometric parameters relationship in healthy Egyptian men

This study aimed to assess the penile length–somatometric parameters relationship in healthy Egyptian men. Two thousand physically normal men (22–40 years) were subjected to measurement of stretched penile length, glans penis, testis size, index finger, weight, height, span, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio. The mean stretched penile length of the studied subjects was 13.84 ± 1.35 cm (range 12–19 cm), and the mean glans penis length was 2.6 ± 0.4 cm (range 1.7–3.8 cm). Penile length demonstrated positive significant correlation with glans penis length, index finger length, BMI and significant negative correlation with waist/hip ratio. On the other hand, penile length demonstrated nonsignificant correlation with age, weight, height, waist circumference, span or testicular size. It is concluded that the penile length‐somatometric parameters relationship in healthy Egyptian men is mostly related to glans penis and index finger lengths.     

隐匿型阴茎的手术治疗(附63例报告)

目的 :探讨隐匿型阴茎的外科治疗原则。　方法 :回顾性分析 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月我院收治的 6 3例隐匿型阴茎患者 ,年龄 1岁 6个月～ 19岁 ,平均 7岁 2个月。根据患者是否合并肥胖与阴茎发育不良而将其分为A和B两组。A组 37例 ,为肥胖合并阴茎发育不良者 ,采用手术 Ⅰ式治疗 ;B组 2 6例 ,采用手术 Ⅱ式治疗。　结果 :术后随访 6个月 ,A组 37例阴茎显露均满意 ,7例发生较重的阴茎包皮水肿 ,3例出现耻骨联合下切口脂肪液化 ,3例耻骨联合下切口凹陷恢复不满意 ,1例出现龟头片状麻木感 ;B组 2 6例中 ,1例术后 7d阴茎回缩 ,余各例阴茎显露满意 ,包皮无明显水肿。　结论 :隐匿型阴茎手术治疗方式多样化 ,阴茎根部被膜的复位与固定是提高手术疗效的关键 ,其自然病程和手术时机有待进一步研究。     

Penoplasty for buried penis secondary to "radical" circumcision

An unusual complication of neonatal circumcision occurs when skin from the penile shaft is excised along with the prepuce. Upon healing of the wound, the penis gets buried in the scrotum. Repair is complicated by the lack of available skin to cover the shaft of the penis. We describe a surgical technique for correction of this condition.     

Congenital dorsal penile curvature: a potential problem of the long phallus

PURPOSE: We report the results of surgical correction of severe congenital dorsal penile curvature associated with a long slender phallus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the last 7 years we treated 16 boys with a mean age of 2 years 10 months who had severe dorsal penile curvature. The series included 5 patients with megameatus variant hypospadias and a full foreskin, 3 who presented with hypospadias and 8 who were referred when dorsal penile curvature was noticed by the family or primary physician. Mean penile length was 6.5 cm. without stretching. In each case length was greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean for patient age. Penile circumference decreased from a mean of 4.2 cm. at the base of the shaft to 4.1 cm. at the mid shaft and 3.7 cm. at the corona. Penile circumference was generally normal for patient age until corrected for length, when it was revealed to be small. Surgical correction of severe curvature was performed in 14 patients, while 2 who presented as newborns had remarkable spontaneous improvement in the first year of life. In each case curvature was due to corporeal disproportion. RESULTS: All patients have erections postoperatively. There has been no residual or recurrent curvature and cosmetic results are good. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital dorsal penile curvature is a potential problem of the long phallus. In severe cases surgical repair improves the appearance of the penis but it must also address the problem of corporeal disproportion.     

Circumferential negative-pressure dressing (VAC) to bolster skin grafts in the reconstruction of the penile shaft and scrotum

This paper presents 4 consecutive cases using negative-pressure dressings (VAC) to bolster skin grafts in male genital reconstruction. In this series reconstruction followed 1 case of tumor ablation and 3 cases of debridement of abscesses or Fornier's gangrene. The VAC was applied circumferentially to the penis to secure skin grafts either directly to the penile shaft or to facilitate skin grafting to the scrotum. Graft areas ranged from 75 to 250 cm. All cases resulted in successful genital wound coverage; minor complications are described. Three practical points are brought forth. First, the VAC facilitates skin grafting to the complex contour of male genitalia. Second, the VAC can be applied circumferentially to the penis without the need for perfusion monitoring or fears of avascular necrosis. Third, with the use of the VAC, bolster use can likely be discontinued as early as 72 hours with good graft adherence and survival.     

Accessory fold of skin on the ventral surface of the penis: Is it a redundant prepuce?

Variations in the skin of the prepuce are very rare. We report here a variation of the penile skin as observed in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 65 years. The penis was covered by thin nonhairy skin. The glans was not covered with prepuce. There was no evidence of circumcision. The ventral surface of the penis, adjacent to the glans, had a huge fold of skin. This fold resembled the prepuce and had a hole in it. The glans penis had a normal urethral meatus. There was no evidence of hypospadias as the entire ventral surface of the penis was covered completely by the skin. We discuss the clinical importance of this accessory fold of skin.     

应用阴囊肉膜平滑肌肌皮瓣修复阴茎延长术中的阴茎创面

目的 提供理想的阴茎延长术中阴茎创面的修复组织。方法 在阴茎1阴阜区皮肤交界处切开、切断阴茎浅悬韧带和部分阴茎深悬韧带行阴茎延长术后，应用以阴囊前动、静脉为血管蒂的阴囊膜平滑肌肌皮瓣（下简称阴囊皮瓣）转移修复在阴茎根部所形成的创面。结果 1996年以来共应用于16例患者，阴茎平均延长4－4．5cm，阴囊皮瓣全部成活，阴茎形态满意，阴囊无明显变形。结论 阴囊皮瓣血运丰富，薄而无皮下脂肪，有伸缩性，是阴茎延长手术中阴茎皮肤缺损较好的修复方法之一。     

Preputial unfurling to correct the buried penis

Recognition of the buried penis is necessary both to ensure its proper management and to avoid performance of a standard circumcision, which can result in penile degloving. We describe a simple technique of unfurling the prepuce which provides adequate functional and cosmetic replacement for the penile shaft skin.     

Glans-preserving surgery for superficial penile cancer

In this study, we investigated the safety and feasibility of glans-preserving surgery for superficial penile squamous cell carcinoma. Young patients with penile primary tumors exhibiting favorable histologic features were best suited for organ-sparing procedures, enabling them to avoid sexual disturbances. The study included 12 patients, 38-53 years of age (median age 46 years), with superficial lesions involving the glans penis, coronary sulcus, or shaft skin. After clinical staging and grading, those patients were offered a glans-preserving procedure to preserve the normal appearance and functional integrity of the glans penis. Of the 12 patients referred, the tumors were TaG1 in 4 patients, TaG2 in 3, TisG1 in 1, TisG2 in 1, T1G1 in 2, and T1G2 in 1. All patients returned to normal sexual activity 1 month postoperatively. Sexual function and sexual satisfaction were well maintained after surgery. The cosmetic results were considered satisfying/very satisfying by 83% (10 of 12 patients). Follow-up data were available on 12 patients at a mean follow-up of 62.5 months. Only 1 patient had recurrence 6 months after surgery, which was managed by a second glans-preserving surgery without recurrence. With careful patient selection and vigilant follow-up, anatomically suitable superficial penile cancer can be offered this glans-preserving surgery, while preserving function of the penis wherever possible.     

Surgical correction of buried penis: a review of 60 cases

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The authors reviewed 60 cases of buried penis, treated in a single institution with postoperative follow-up for at least 6 months. The review was aimed at providing information that might help to optimize the results in future surgical correction of this uncommon, but not rare, congenital disorder. METHODS: From January 1, 1989 to December 31, 1998, 62 boys with buried penis were treated with 1 of the following procedures: group 1A (n = 6), preputial unfurling alone; group 1B (n = 8), modified preputial unfurling; group 1C (n = 12), penoplasty devised by the first author with preservation of the preputial skin; and group 2 (n = 36), penoplasty with trimming of the inner preputial skin. Postoperative follow-up of more than 6 months after operation was achieved in 60 of 62 patients for a total of 25 patients in group 1 (A through C) and 35 patients in group 2. RESULTS: Recurrent buried penis developed in 8 of 60 patients (13%), and redundant penile skin with or without lymphedema occurred in 18 (30%). The complications occurred in 18 of 25 patients (72%) in group 1 (A through C) but in only 8 of 35 (23%) in group 2. The difference was significant (P =.001). Most of the complications were mild and acceptable. A second procedure was required in 5 of the 25 patients in group 1 but in none of group 2. The second procedures were required to correct recurrent buried penis in 1 and to resect excess redundant penile skin in 4. CONCLUSION: The superior results achieved in group 2 suggest that in addition to penoplasty with adequate fixation of the unfurling prepuce, resection of excess inner preputial skin is required to achieve an optimal outcome in children requiring surgical correction of buried penis.     

保留阴茎头手术在浅表性阴茎癌治疗中的应用

目的:探讨保留阴茎头手术治疗浅表性阴茎癌的安全性和可行性。方法:分析我院2003年1月至2010年3月间保留阴茎头手术治疗的21例浅表性阴茎癌患者的临床资料。结果:21例患者行保留阴茎头手术,年龄36～57岁,平均年龄46岁,阴茎癌病灶范围侵犯到阴茎头、冠状沟和阴茎体的皮肤组织。经临床分期分级,21例患者中,TaG1期6例、TaG2期5例、TisG1期2例、TisG2期4例、T1G1期3例、T1G2期1例。术后1个月均开始性生活,性功能和性满意度良好。21例随访2～7年,平均随访5年,2例患者分别于术后6个月和9个月出现原位肿瘤复发,经再次保留阴茎头手术治疗后,随访5年未再复发。结论:保留阴茎头的阴茎癌手术是治疗浅表性阴茎癌的有效方法之一。对合适的患者,不仅疗效安全,同时可最大限度保留阴茎的外观并使患者获得满意的性生活。     

Congenital penile curvature (chordee without hypospadias)

We treated 30 patients aged six months to nine years with congenital penile curvature from 1988 to 1993. Twenty-four patients appeared to have a primary curvature with normal corpus spongiosum. In 12 of these 24 patients dissecting skin and dartos fascia were adequate to straighten the penis. In the other 12 patients, artificial erection demonstrated a varied degree of convexity of the penis after the skin and dartos fascia release, implying a disproportion of the corpora cavernosa bodies. We corrected this deformity using dorsal tunica albuginea plications (TAP). The remaining 6 patients presented with a primary curvature and hypoplastic urethra. In 5 of these patients we divided the hypoplastic midportion of the urethra leaving the meatus naturally on the glans and replaced the midurethral segment using a tubularized island flap. Of these 5 patients 2 required TAP for penile straightening. The final patient with a hypoplastic urethra was managed by preserving the urethral plate and applying an onlay island flap urethroplasty. Complications were one fistula and two mild ventral penile curvatures, presently not severe enough for reoperation (mean follow-up 2.6 years). We present a systematic approach for the repair of congenital penile curvature using intraoperative artificial erection, TAP, and the island flap urethroplasty when needed.