前哨淋巴结SPECT显像在老年口腔鳞癌隐匿转移中的评价

目的：探讨术前前哨淋巴结（SLN）的同位素显像（SPECT）在老年口腔鳞癌颈部隐匿转移中的诊断价值。方法：选择临床检测淋巴转移阴性的老年患者20例,肿瘤旁粘膜下注射99Tcm标记的右旋糖酐（DX）术前淋巴显像定位SLN,对SLN和非SLN采用连续病理切片行常规病理检测,对比SLN和非SLN淋巴结转移数据。结果：同位素淋巴显像法检测出17例口腔鳞癌的SLN共计36枚,平均2.3枚,SLN检测转移阳性5例,其中1例同时伴NSLN转移.未发现单独的NSLN转移。结论：同位素显像（SPECT）对前哨淋巴结（SLN）具有较高的检出率,前哨淋巴结（SLN）的检测结果可真实反映cN0期老年口腔鳞癌隐匿转移中的状况.     

SPECT/CT同机融合显像在口腔鳞癌前哨淋巴结定位中的应用

目的　探索一种准确、实用的口腔鳞癌前哨淋巴结定位方法。方法　术前运用SPECT/CT同机融合显像技术对30例cN0期口腔鳞癌患者的SLN进行定位,术中对定位的SLN活检,术后比较SLN与颈淋巴清扫的病理结果。结果　全组病例中,SPECT/CT同机融合图像对SLN定位的准确度为100%, 8例患者的前哨淋巴结和颈清扫淋巴结病理结果证实有癌转移,前哨淋巴结活检对颈部淋巴结转移状况评价的敏感度、特异度和准确度均为100%。结论　SPECT/CT同机融合显像技术可以在术前准确定位前哨淋巴结,客观评价cN0期口腔鳞癌患者颈部淋巴结的真实状况。     

淋巴显像技术在口腔鳞癌哨位淋巴结活检中的应用

目的:评价淋巴显像技术在口腔鳞癌哨位淋巴结活检中的价值。方法:应用颈淋巴显像技术结合蓝染法及SPECT/CT同机融合技术,对21例临床NO(cNO)口腔鳞癌患者的哨位淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)进行研究。结果:全组患者SLN检出率为100％,21例中有7例SLN活检阳性,颈清术后标本同样证实有颈淋巴结转移,无假阴性结果,SLN活检对全组病例颈淋巴结转移状况预测的准确性为100％。结论:颈淋巴显像技术结合蓝染法及SPECT/CT同机融合技术能有效地对口腔鳞癌SLN进行定位,从而准确预测颈淋巴结转移状况。     

临床颈淋巴结转移阴性舌体鳞癌前哨淋巴结临床研究

目的 探讨舌体鳞癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）的检测及其对颈淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法 用手术中注射蓝染料的方法，对21例未经治疗的舌体鳞癌颈淋巴结N0的患者手术中取SLN作快速冰冻病理检查，并与术后常规石蜡切片病理检查对照．观察冰冻病理检查前哨淋巴结转移与常规病理检查颈淋巴结转移的相关性及其对颈淋巴结转移癌的预测准确率。结果 21例中15例成功地显示SIN，且全部集中在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区，21例中6例出现颈淋巴结转移且均为SLN转移，SLN活检对颈淋巴结转移的阳性预测准确率为6／6。结论 前哨淋巴结尤其是Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区淋巴结检测对判定舌体鳞癌CN0患者的颈淋巴结有否转移具有重要的预测价值。     

美蓝在口腔鳞状细胞癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的：探讨美蓝在口腔鳞状细胞癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymphnode,SLN）活检中的应用,为临床N0患者是否作颈部淋巴结清扫提供依据。方法：用美蓝对30例口腔鳞状细胞癌临床N0患者行前哨淋巴结定位活检,通过与区域淋巴结清扫标本的比较来评价前哨淋巴结活检的准确性。结果：前哨淋巴结定位活检总成功率为93.3%（28/30）,准确率92.9%（26/28）,假阴性率为11.1%（2/18）,灵敏度为83.3%（10/12）,特异性100%（16/16）。结论：前哨淋巴结活检在口腔鳞状细胞癌中能很好地反映淋巴结的转移情况,对指导淋巴结清扫的合理性和必要性有一定的临床应用价值。     

蓝染法定位CN0舌癌前哨淋巴结的价值

目的：探讨蓝染法在CN0期舌鳞癌前哨淋巴结定位的应用价值。方法：对32例CN0舌鳞癌病例术中应用蓝染法定位前哨淋巴结,采用先翻开颈部皮瓣后再在病灶边缘注射亚甲蓝的方法,观察颈部淋巴结蓝染情况,计数发现淋巴结蓝染的时间及蓝染淋巴结数目,切取蓝染淋巴结送冰冻病理检查,然后完成颈清扫术,观察前哨淋巴结病检结果与术后颈部淋巴结常规病理检查结果的相关性,计算前哨淋巴结对CN0舌癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果：32例中31例成功定位前哨淋巴结,定位成功率96．88％,从注射染料到出现淋巴结蓝染平均25min,每例平均定位前哨淋巴结1．9个,8例前哨淋巴结病理检查阳性,与术后常规病理检查对照未发现假阴性病例,前哨淋巴结对CN0舌癌颈淋巴结转移的阳性及阴性预测价值均为100％。结论：蓝染法定位CN0期舌鳞癌前哨淋巴结有较高的临床应用价值。     

前哨淋巴结活检与口腔鳞癌

治疗口腔鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移最有效的方法就是颈部淋巴清扫术,但对于早期口腔鳞癌且临床和影象学检查颈部淋巴结转移阴性的颈部淋巴的处理仍存争议,在以往重生存率轻生存质量的观念指导下,给部分颈部淋巴结转移阴性的患者实施的不必要的颈部手术并影响了患者的生存质量。近来兴起的前哨淋巴结活检有望对口腔鳞癌有无颈部淋巴结的转移给予正确的判断,从而找到一种对颈部存在隐匿性转移的患者给予积极的手术治疗,又能对颈部转移阴性的患者避免不必要的手术。     

前哨淋巴结活检在口腔鳞状细胞癌治疗中的临床意义

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）在口腔鳞状细胞癌临床应用中的可行性、准确性。方法 对31例口腔鳞状细胞癌患者术前使用核素扫描法行前哨淋巴结（sentinellymphnode，SLN）示踪，体表定位；术中γ-探测仪进一步识别SLN行前哨淋巴结活检，同时行颈淋巴清扫；术后对SLN和颈淋巴清扫的病理检查结果进行分析。结果 SLNB对全组病例颈部淋巴结转移状况评价的准确率为96．8％。灵敏度为92，3％，假阴性率为7．7％。结论 SLNB是口腔鳞状细胞癌治疗中的一项新技术，能高灵敏度的反映颈淋巴结状态，具有临床可实用性。     

前哨淋巴结冰冻切片在口腔癌颈淋巴结清扫术的应用研究

目的:利用术中靶动脉灌注亚甲蓝定位前哨淋巴结(SLN),同时进行冰冻切片检查,为颈淋巴结清扫范围提供参考。方法:对16例初诊诊断为cN0的口腔鳞癌患者,在经一个周期的靶动脉持续灌注抗癌药物诱导化疗后进行手术,术中经靶动脉灌注亚甲蓝。将蓝染的SLN纵向剖成两半,一半术中冰冻,检查肿瘤有无淋巴结转移;另一半SLN及术后所有的颈淋巴结行石蜡包埋,连续切片后行HE及CK19、CK(AE1/AE3)免疫组织化学检查。并对结果进行比较分析。结果:16例患者的40枚SLN中,冰冻检查发现2例患者的2枚SLN阳性,与术后HE、CK免疫组织化学染色连续切片检查结果相符。其余14例患者的32枚SLN术中冰冻、HE检查阴性,CK免疫组织化学染色检查发现2枚SLN存在微转移灶。所有术中冰冻检查阴性的38枚SLN中,36枚经HE、CK免疫组织化学染色检查均为阴性。SLN转移阳性4例,阳性率25%(4/16);SLN假阴性率为12.5%(2/16);总符合率87.5%(14/16)。结论:靶动脉灌注亚甲蓝定位SLN的术中冰冻诊断,可能成为口腔鳞癌颈淋巴清扫术的依据。     

舌癌患者非前哨淋巴结转移的预测因素

目的探讨舌鳞癌患者非前哨淋巴结（non-sentinel lymph node,nSLN）转移的预测因素。方法回顾性分析采用单光子发射计算机断层成像术和螺旋CT融合显像技术及蓝染法示踪定位前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymphnode,SLN）活检中存在转移的38例患者,对nSLN进行常规HE染色和CK免疫组化检查,研究nSLN转移与各种临床病理因素的关系。结果当SLN（＋）转移灶最大直径大于2 mm时,nSLN转移率为64.7%（11/17）;当SLN（＋）数目为1时,nSLN转移率为64.3%;当SLN（＋）数目为2时,nSLN转移率为20.0%;当SLN（＋）数目大于等于3时,nSLN转移率为11.1%。nSLN转移率随着肿瘤原发灶浸润深度的增加而增大。结论 nSLN是否转移与SLN（＋）转移灶最大直径、SLN（＋）数目和肿瘤原发灶浸润深度有关。     

Sensitivity and specificity of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cervical sentinel lymph node biopsy after mapping with indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) for imaging early-stage oral cancer.

Outcome of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with methylene blue dye alone: a prospective validation study

Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy using methylene blue dye alone in identifying occult lymph node metastases in early oral cancer (cT1, T2, and cN0). The study was done from 2013–15 in 94 patients in a large cancer centre. The blue nodes were dissected and sent for frozen section, routine histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical testing for cytokeratin, and was followed by elective neck dissection in all patients. The identification rate was 93.61%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy for frozen section and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were 84.6%, 100%, 100%, 93.9% and 95.5%, respectively. Occult lymph node metastasis was seen in 27.6% cases. Biopsy of SLN with blue dye alone might be used successfully with good sensitivity and negative predictive value in countries with limited resources in the developing world. Immunohistochemistry contributes to it by increasing the sensitivity and NPV, and thereby improves the diagnostic value.     

Challenges and outcomes in establishing a sentinel lymph node biopsy service for oral squamous cell carcinoma in a regional district specialist hospital

UK national guidelines in 2016 recommended that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be offered to patients with early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We review the establishment of an OSCC SLNB service with specific consideration to resources, service implications and patient outcomes. A review of processes was performed to identify key stages in establishing the service, and subsequently a retrospective cohort study consisting of 46 consecutive patients with T1/T2 N0 OSCC was undertaken. The key stages identified were: coordinating a nuclear medicine pathway and reliable cost-appropriate pathology service, constructing a Trust business case, and gaining approval of a new interventional service policy. A median (range) of 3.3 (1-8) sentinel nodes (SLN) were removed, with 17 patients having a positive SLN. The negative predictive value of SLNB was 100%, with 12 having a SLN outside the field if elective neck dissection (END) was planned. There was a significantly increased risk of a positive SLN with increasing depth of invasion (DOI) (p=0.007) and increased diameter (p=0.036). We also identified a longer-than-ideal time to completion neck dissection and inadequate ultrasound follow up of negative SLNB patients. Establishment of a service requires careful planning. Our results were in keeping with those reported in the literature, and showed that SLNB for OSCC has a high negative predictive value and can identify at-risk SLN outside the traditional END levels, even in well-lateralised tumours. Our findings show that DOI and size of SLN were significantly associated with a positive SLN, and also identified areas requiring improvement.     

口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移的高危因素分析

目的：分析影响口腔癌患者发生对侧颈淋巴结转移的临床病理因素.方法：收集2010年6月～2011年6月间217例中发生对侧颈淋巴结转移的口腔癌病历资料13例,对其临床病理特点进行分析.结果：口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移多发于年轻患者,部位以舌、口底常见,并与临床分期、病理分级、同侧颈淋巴转移等因素密切相关,其协同作用可能加快其转移.结论：在≤45岁、肿瘤范围越过中线、侵及口底、≥T3期、低分化鳞癌、同侧颈淋巴结转移等因素中若出现两项或以上者,则有必要考虑同期行对侧颈淋巴结清扫术,以提高患者治愈率和生存率.     

口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移的临床研究

目的:探讨原发灶未过中线口腔癌的对侧颈淋巴结转移的相关临床病理因素,为口腔癌手术方法的选择提供依据。方法:收集2010年6月~2012年12月口腔癌238例,对年龄、性别、病程、原发灶部位、CT分期、颈清术式、病理分级、淋巴结转移等情况进行统计学分析。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析显示口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移在T3/T4期、中低分化、同侧淋巴结转移的患者中明显增加;多因素Logistic回归分析表明病理分级为口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移的高危因素。结论:在肿瘤未过中线时,如果T3/T4期、同侧颈淋巴结明确有转移、病理分级为中低分化等因素中出现两者或以上,为改善预后及提高患者治愈率,则有必要考虑同期行对侧颈清。