静脉注射丙种球蛋白预防早产儿感染

对３０例早产儿预防性应用国产静脉注射丙种球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ），每天０．４ｇ／ｋｇ，首次用后３天重复１次，治疗１周后复查血清Ｉｇ水平，ＩＶＩＧ组血清ＩｇＧ明显升高，峰值为１０．４８±２．７１ｇ／Ｌ与对照组及自身对照比较差异均有显著意义，并密切观察其临床疗效，发现ＩＶＩＧ组交叉感染率，病死率都明显了下降，未发现近期不良反应，故用国产ＩＶＩＧ预防早产儿感染是安全有效的。     

苯巴比妥预防早产儿脑室内出血的对照研究

为了解苯巴比妥预防早产儿脑室内出血（ＩＶＨ）效果，以３０例胎龄≤３４周的早产儿为观察对象进行了对照研究。预防组１３例接受苯巴比妥负荷量的平均时龄为生后６．５小时，维持量用５天。结果显示预防组的严重ＩＶＨ发生率（２３．１％）较对照组（８２．３％）显著降低（χ２＝１１．０５４，Ｐ＜０．０１）。预防组在生后第四天的血清苯巴比妥浓度为２０±４ｍｇ／Ｌ。用药期间未见不良反应。研究显示苯巴比妥可显著降低早产儿ＩＶＨ的严重度。建议对胎龄≤３４周的早产儿在生后６小时内常规应用苯巴比妥，以期降低早产儿ＩＶＨ及其严重ＩＶＨ的发生率。     

静脉注射丙种球蛋白预防早产儿肺透明膜病机械通气后感染的疗效观察

静脉注射丙种球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ）应用于早产儿肺透明膜病（ＨＭＤ）机械通气后感染的预防，本研究探讨ＩＶＩＧ对预防感染的效果。对象：我院１９９５年８月～１９９７年３月收治早产儿２８例，排除湿肺和Ｂ族溶血性链球菌感染性肺炎，根据临床表现、胸片和血气分析确诊为...     

维生素A对新生儿单个核细胞IgM生成能力的促进作用

目的探讨维生素Ａ（ＶｉｔＡ）对新生儿脐血单个核细胞ＩｇＭ生成能力的影响。方法应用体外培养试验在培养基中加入一定量的视黄酸（ＲＡ），观察ＶｉｔＡ水平正常组与缺乏组新生儿脐血单个核细胞生成ＩｇＭ的变化。结果ＲＡ能够增加ＳＡＣ刺激下的单个核细胞的ＩｇＭ生成，加ＲＡ后ＶｉｔＡ正常组ＩｇＭ由６６６±４０２μｇ／Ｌ增加到１３８９±９８２μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＶｉｔＡ缺乏组由３５０±１３６μｇ／Ｌ（增到５８１±２４１μｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。尽管体外加ＲＡ后ＶｉｔＡ缺乏组的ＩｇＭ水平有所上升，但增加量和增加幅度都显著低于ＶｉｔＡ正常组。相关分析的结果表明，新生儿脐血ＶｉｔＡ含量与体外培养加ＲＡ后ＩｇＭ的增加幅度之间存在着一定的正相关关系。结论ＶｉｔＡ对新生儿单个核细胞生成ＩｇＭ的能力具有重要的促进作用     

静注免疫球蛋白治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染与病毒消除效应

本文使用ＩＶＩＧ０．４～０．５ｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ共２天治疗２３例ＲＳＶ毛细支气管炎患儿，与对照组３２例比较，发现应用ＩＶＩＧ后３～５天血清ＩｇＧ水平升高１．９１倍ＲＳＶ－ＳＩｇＧ升高３．２２倍，呼吸道ＲＳＶ抗原６８小时内阴转，临床症状体征较快恢复正常，本批ＩＶＩＧ制品中ＲＳＶ－ＳＩｇＧ水平（１：６４０）远远高于用药前ＲＳＶ感染患儿平均水平（１：１１６）提示ＩＶＩＧ能迅速提高血清ＩｇＧ水平，补充大量ＲＳＶ     

新生儿感染性疾病白细胞介素2受体和IgG_4水平的测定

应用三抗体和双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法，测住院新生儿感染性疾病和对照组各２０例的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）和血清、唾液ＩｇＧ_４水平。结果患儿组ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ为３０７±３６ｋＵ／Ｌ，对照组为１９８±３２ｋＵ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；患儿组血清ＩｇＧ_４为３９．２±６．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，对照组为１８．２±２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；患儿组唾液ＩｇＧ_４为０．１６７＋０．０３６ｍｇ／Ｌ，对照组０．０５５±０．０１４ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），患儿组三项指标均高于对照组。提示新生儿时期对感染有一定的免疫反应能力。     

静脉注射丙种球蛋白治疗新生儿ABO溶血病22例疗效观察

为探讨静脉注射丙种球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ）对新生儿ＡＢＯ溶血病的疗效，随机将４２例ＡＢＯ溶血病新生儿分为ＩＶＩＧ治疗组和常规治疗组，两组均于治疗前和治疗后分别查血红蛋白，网织红细胞、血清胆红素及ＩｇＧ．Ａ．Ｍ。结果：ＩＶＩＧ组在皮肤黄疸消退，降低血清胆红素疗效方面均明显优于常规组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＩｇＧ水平明显提高（Ｐ〈０．０１）ＩｇＡ与Ｉｇｍ水平无变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）；常规组在治疗３－４天后血红蛋白水     

大部脾栓塞术对重型地中海贫血患儿免疫功能影响的研究

目的评估大部脾栓塞术后重型地中海贫血患儿免疫功能的变化。方法对６２例患儿行脾大部栓塞术。结果ＩｇＧ在术后１周（１３±４ｇ／Ｌ）和术前（１６±６ｇ／Ｌ）差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后３周恢复术前水平（１６±５ｇ／Ｌ）。ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ术前及术后各周均无明显差异。Ｔ细胞亚群中总Ｔ细胞数术前（４９±１２）和术后（６０±１２）差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｔ辅助淋巴细胞（ＴＨ）术前（３８±９）与术后（４５±７）比较差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＨ／ＴＳ比值术后（１．６±０．３）与术前（１．２９±０．４）比较差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｔ抑制淋巴细胞（Ｔｓ）术后（２９±７）与术前（３１±６）比较差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。纤维连接蛋白术后（２４８±７８）与术前（１１８±４１）比较差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＰＳＥ后免疫功能在术后３周迅速恢复     

医学问答

医学问答编辑：您好！今向贵刊咨询下列问题：８岁女孩，自幼反复发生呼吸道感染和腹泻，以轻症“感冒”和消化不良为主，伴四肢关节酸痛。近年来多次血清免疫球蛋白测定ＩｇＡ６００～７２０ｍｇ／Ｌ（正常参考值１０００～４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＩｇＧ正常，ＩｇＭ１．３...     

苯巴比妥预防早产儿脑内出血的对照研究

为了解苯巴比妥预防早产儿脑室内出血（ＩＶＨ）效果，以３０例胎龄≤３４周的早产儿为观察对象进行了对照研究。预防组１３例接受苯巴比妥负荷量的平均时龄为生后６．５小时，维持量用５天。结果显示预防组的严重ＩＶＨ发生率（２３．１％）较对照组（８２．３％）显降低。预防组在生后第四天的血甭苯巴比妥浓度为２０±４ｍｇ／Ｌ。用药期间未见不良反应。研究显示苯巴比妥可显降低早产儿ＩＶＨ的严重度。建议对胎龄≤３４周的     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

�¶�֢��ϵ�ϰ���ע��ȱ�ݶද�ϰ������ڵ�ת��

孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

---

---

Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.