735名军人牙科焦虑症和口腔健康状况调查

目的对驻昆735名军人牙科焦虑症(Dental Anxiety,DA)和口腔健康状况进行调查,为做好部队口腔保健工作提供参考。方法采用Corah's牙科焦虑量表(Dental Anxiety Scale,DAS)和1997年WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》,对驻昆735名军人的牙科焦虑症和口腔健康状况进行调查及检查,检查项目包括龋齿及填充情况、牙结石等。结果 DAS平均分值为8.63±3.15,DA检出率为29.3%(215/735),中度以上焦虑型检出率为3.9%(29/735)。总体患龋率为19.6%,龋均为0.56,龋齿充填率为24.8%;焦虑型与无焦虑型军人在患龋率、龋均及龋齿充填率上差异无显著性(P0.05)。牙结石检出率为69.1%,焦虑型与无焦虑型军人牙结石检出率比较,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论驻昆军人约1/3患牙科焦虑症,DA对军人口腔健康状况无显著影响。     

3921例体检者口腔健康状况与健康行为调查

目的调查3 921例体检者的口腔健康状况和行为习惯,为口腔保健和疾病防治提供参考依据。方法参照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,设计了口腔健康检查项目及口腔健康行为调查问卷,对3 921名体检者进行口腔检查和面对面访谈,评价其口腔健康状况和行为习惯。结果受检人群患龋率为41.49%,龋均为2.69颗,牙齿缺失率为31.78%,牙齿楔状缺损率为8.01%,牙结石检出率为13.93%。女性患龋率高于男性(p<0.05),但龋均颗数性别上无差异。受检人群竖刷法刷牙者比例为52.61%,刷牙时间3 min以上者比例为99.39%,每天刷牙2次以上者比例为93.55%,定期更换牙刷者比例为85.54%,定期洁牙者比例为16.50%,定期检查者比例为81.99%,使用牙签(含牙签和牙线)者比例为89.49%。结论受检人群具有较好的口腔保健行为,口腔健康状况较好。患龋率与性别相关。     

西安空军某指挥所55名官兵的口腔健康状况

目的了解解放军人员中的口腔健康状况,为军队开展军人口腔疾病医疗保健提供依据。方法采用世界卫生组织1987年版口腔健康调查基本方法和标准器材,并根据我军实际情况需要设定了军人口腔健康调查项目,对西安空军某指挥所官兵进行口腔健康调查。获得数据利用FoxPro 6.0软件建立数据库,SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析。结果共调查55人,结果表明该所现役人员龋均为0.75±1.03,患龋率为21.8%。牙结石发生率为78.2%,牙周病发病率为1.8%。结论该部官兵龋病患病率比较平稳,龋病大部分处于早期阶段。牙结石发生率较大,需要开展大量的口腔洁牙治疗。而牙周病比较平稳,大多数为早期牙周病,通过洁牙可以有效预防和治疗。口腔健康保健、定期口腔检查和早期口腔疾病治疗对预防官兵口腔疾病极其重要。     

吉林省5岁儿童患龋情况抽样调查分析

目的:了解吉林省5岁儿童患龋情况,为制定儿童龋病预防规划提供科学依据。方法:按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》,对吉林省3个城市、3个农村地区的773例5岁儿童的口腔健康状况进行抽样、调查,并采用SPSS14.0软件包对数据进行分析。结果:773例受检者的患龋率和龋均分别为82.01和5.55,龋齿充填率3.29,患龋率和龋均农村明显高于城市,龋齿充填率城市明显高于农村,三者在性别之间无显著差异。46.31的儿童龋齿数超过5颗,占总龋齿数的80.85。结论:应当重视吉林省5岁儿童的口腔健康状况,加大预防力度,以降低龋病的发生率。     

陕西省宝鸡市5岁儿童口腔健康状况及相关原因分析

目的了解陕西省宝鸡市5岁儿童口腔健康状况及其相关原因,为今后开展儿童口腔预防保健提供参考依据。方法参考世界卫生组织(WHO)《口腔健康调查基本方法》和全国第3次全国口腔流行病学调查方案,采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取5岁儿童共834名进行乳牙龋病的检查,并对其家长进行现场问卷调查。采用SPSS17.0对数据进行分析。结果 834例受检儿童的乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为65.47%和2.61;男女间患龋率、龋均差异皆无统计学意义(P0.05)。儿童家庭情况,口腔卫生行为及饮食习惯均对儿童患龋有影响,而家长的社会背景、口腔健康知识和观念对儿童患龋率的影响更大。结论加强儿童家长的口腔健康知识,以自身规范行为影响教育儿童,正确指导督促儿童每天规律性刷牙,有效的预防和降低儿童龋病的发生。     

马鞍山市2039名孕妇口腔健康状况调查

目的了解马鞍山市孕早期孕妇的口腔健康状况,指导孕妇口腔保健。方法对2 039名孕早期孕妇进行口腔检查,记录不同年龄孕妇的患龋率、牙龈炎、牙周病状况。通过问卷调查的方式对口腔卫生行为认知进行调查。结果孕早期孕妇的患龋率、牙结石发生率、牙龈炎发生率分别为16.23%、47.87%和41.00%。其中,高年龄组牙结石发生率和牙龈炎发生率显著高于低年龄组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示低年龄、早晚都刷牙是罹患牙龈炎的保护因素;吸烟、经常吃酸食、最近1年内看过牙医等是罹患牙龈炎的危险因素。结论马鞍山市的孕妇口腔健康情况较差,缺乏口腔卫生保健知识,需要加强对孕妇的口腔卫生保健指导。     

贵州省12岁儿童恒牙患龋情况调查

目的:了解贵州省12岁儿童恒牙患龋病的患病情况,为学校开展口腔预防保健提供参考依据。方法:采取单纯随机抽样调查的方法,对792名(男女各半)儿童进行恒牙龋病检查。结果:12岁组恒牙患龋率为18.43%,龋均(DFMT)为0.29,男女间患龋率有显著性差异(P<0.01),龋均有显著性差异(P<0.05),均为女性高于男性。龋齿充填率为1.14%,其中城市为1.01%,农村仅为0.13%,城乡间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:贵州省12岁儿童恒牙龋病的流行状况与全国第二次口腔健康调查的结果相比龋患率和DFMT均较低,但龋齿的充填率很低。     

福建省中老年人根面龋抽样调查报告

[目的]了解福建省中老年人口腔健康状况及龋病流行趋势,为开展其健康教育及保健提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段、分层和整群随机抽样的方法对福州、泉州和南平市35~44岁和65~74岁的城乡共4264人进行口腔检查。[结果]随着年龄增长,中老年人根面龋患龋率、龋均呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。两组根面龋患龋率、龋均,城市高于农村(P<0.01);城乡男女之间无差异(P>0.05);两组龋充填率城市高于农村(P<0.01)。[结论]应加强中老年人(尤其是农村地区)口腔健康教育,增强其保健意识,并采取相应的预防保健措施。     

河南省3~5岁儿童龋病流行状况及影响因素

调查分析河南省3~5岁儿童患龋状况及其影响因素,为儿童龋病预防工作提供流行病学依据.方法 按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,采用分层多阶段随机抽样的方法,在河南省两县、两区选取12所幼儿园,随机抽取3~5岁儿童共1296名进行乳牙患龋状况调查,并对家长进行口腔健康行为、知识和观念的问卷调查.结果 1296名儿童中,患龋755名,患龋率为58.3%,龋均2.83.男、女童患龋率(60.5%,56.0%)和龋均(2.88,2.78)差异均无统计学意义(χ2/F值分别为2.64,0.22,P值均>0.05).3,4,5岁年龄组的患龋率分别为46.7%,60.9%,67.5%,龋均分别为2.02,2.85和3.64,差异均有统计学意义(χ2/F值分别为40.00,21.68,P值均<0.01).城市、农村儿童患龋率分别为58.9%,57.7%,龋均分别为2.87,2.79,差异无统计学意义(χ2/F值分别为0.20,0.16,P值均>0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、出生后6个月内喂养方式、是否到牙科医院就诊过以及自评牙齿和口腔健康状况是河南省3~5岁儿童龋齿发生的影响因素(P值均<0.05).结论 河南省3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况严重.应采取积极的防治措施,提高儿童的牙齿健康水平.     

陕西省12岁儿童口腔健康状况流行病学抽样调查

目的 了解陕西省12岁儿童口腔健康状况,为陕西省开展儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供基线资料。方法 按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取陕西省城乡6个地区788名12岁儿童进行口腔健康状况调查。调查内容包括:龋病及牙周健康状况。资料整理采用Epi Data软件进行录入,SPSS 13.0统计软件进行相关统计学分析。结果 患龋率和龋均分别为:21.2%、0.33;龋均在男女之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋齿充填构成比仅为5.4%,且城市高于农村,女性高于男性(P<0.05)。牙龈出血的检出率为21.2%,城市高于农村地区(P<0.01),男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);牙石的检出率为71.2%。结论 陕西省12岁儿童龋齿充填率低,牙周卫生状况较差,应采取有效的预防措施,控制龋病发生。提高龋齿充填率,改善牙周状况,加强口腔卫生宣教,提高口腔健康状况。     

Risk of death in prisoners after release from jail

OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of death in a cohort of Western Australian released prisoners with the risk experienced by the general population of Western Australia. METHODS: A cohort study of prisoners in Western Australia whose last date of release ranged from 1 January 1994 to 1 January 1999. Overall mortality and cause of death were determined by data linkage to the Registrar General's record of deaths. RESULTS: Aboriginal prisoners had a significantly lower survival rate after release than non-Aboriginal prisoners (p < 0.0001). When compared with their peers in the Western Australian community, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners were found to have an increased relative risk of death. Female non-Aboriginal released prisoners aged between 20 and 40 years were 17.8 (95% CI 8.1-27.5) times more likely to die than other female non-Aboriginals in Western Australia in the same age range. Male non-Aboriginal prisoners aged 20-40 years were 6.3 (95% CI 5.2-7.4) times more likely to die than their counterparts in the WA community. Female Aboriginal released prisoners were 3.4 (95% CI 1.2-5.6) times more likely to die than their peers, while male Aboriginal released prisoners were 2.9 (95% CI 2.2-3.5) times more likely to die. In their first six months after release, female non-Aboriginal prisoners aged 20 to 40 years were 69.1 (95% CI 17.9-120.3) times more likely to die than their counterparts in the WA community. The main causes of excess death were related to drug and alcohol abuse. CONCLUSION: All prisoners were at greater than expected relative risk of death after release from prison, with female non-Aboriginal prisoners at particularly high relative risk.     

国内外羁押场所艾滋病预防策略概论

本文回顾了国内外羁押场所艾滋病疫情现状和被羁人员相关高危行为,在此基础上简述了羁押场所防治艾滋病的重要性,重点阐述了国内外预防艾滋病策略,并在HIV咨询检测告知和同伴教育方面介绍了云南女子劳教所的做法和经验。     

Comparison between self-reported hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV antibody status and oral fluid assay results in Irish prisoners

Self-reported hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV infection status was compared with the results of oral fluid assays of antibodies to these viruses in prisoners from nine of the 15 prisons in the Republic of Ireland. A total of 1205 out of 1366 prisoners completed a confidential questionnaire and 1193 provided analysable oral fluid specimens for testing for antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), HCV (anti-HCV), and HIV (anti-HIV). The self-reported prevalence of hepatitis infection (hepatitis B: 5%; hepatitis C: 19%) was lower than that derived from oral fluid assays (anti-HBc: 9%; anti-HCV: 37%). The self-reported prevalence of HIV infection was similar to that found by oral fluid assay (2%). Many discrepancies were found between self-reported results and the results of oral fluid assays. Of those who reported being positive for HBV, HCV, or HIV, 48%, 5%, and 58%, respectively, tested negative on the oral fluid assay. Of those who reported a previous negative test result for HBV, HCV, or HIV, 10%, 37%, and 2%, respectively, had positive oral fluid assays. Self-reports of hepatitis and HIV infection status are unreliable and should not be used as a basis for planning preventive and treatment services for prisoners. All prisoners should have the opportunity to be tested for HBV, HCV, and HIV infection.     

女性服刑人员对艾滋病、梅毒、淋病的知晓情况及教育干预效果评估

目的 了解女性服刑人员对AIDS、梅毒、淋病的知晓情况及其影响因素,分析教育干预效果,以期降低女性服刑人员感染的风险.方法 共纳入405名总刑期≥1年新入监女性服刑人员,采用自制的问卷调查表进行基线调查,经过1年系统性教育干预后再进行调查,运用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据分析.结果 新入监女性服刑人员对于AIDS、梅...     

珠海市监管场所羁押人员HIV监测情况分析

目的了解珠海市监管场所中羁押人员HIV感染状况,防止HIV在监管场所中传播与蔓延。方法定期对珠海市所有监管场所中的羁押人员进行调查,按照统一调查表填写,Excel录入并进行统计分析;同时采集静脉血5ml,用酶联免疫试剂初筛,初筛阳性标本用蛋白印记法(WB)进行确证。结果5350名羁押收教人员中,检出18例HIV抗体阳性者,男性17例,女性1例,总检出率为0.34%。18份HIV感染者中注射毒品者9例,阳性率2.49%,占总报告数的50%;有性乱史者4例,阳性率0.59%,占总报告数的22%;其中1例既有注射毒品史又有性乱史;有5例感染途径不详。结论珠海市监管场所中羁押人员HIV感染率较高,主要为吸毒者和性乱人群。建议加强对监管场所羁押人员HIV感染的监测,并对此类人群进行健康教育及行为干预,提高他们的自我防护意识;对HIV感染者与未感染者分监舍关押,并在监管场所中设置美沙酮替代品治疗和提供安全套,以防止HIV在监管场所中传播与蔓延。     

通辽市2008年羁押和收教人员艾滋病抗体筛查情况

目的了解通辽市羁押、收教人员艾滋病筛查情况,控制疾病的进一步蔓延。方法对通辽市羁押、收教人员艾滋病筛查情况资料进行统计分析。结果2008年共检测羁押、收教人员2080人,其中男性2021人,占97．16％;女性59人,占2．84％。检出2例HIV感染者。结论对羁押、收教人员进行艾滋病筛查是十分必要的,今后应加大管理力度,公安部门与卫生部门应进一步加强合作,从不同源头及早发现或阻断艾滋病的传播与蔓延。     

扬州市2005—2007年监管场所羁押人员HIV监测分析

目的了解扬州市监管场所中羁押人员HIV感染状况，以防止艾滋病在监管场所中传播与蔓延。方法定期对扬州市所有监管场所羁押人员进行调查，按照统一调查表填写，录入Excel并统计分析；采集静脉血5ml，用酶联免疫试剂初筛，初筛阳性标本用蛋白印记法（WB）进行确证。结果8414名羁押人员中，检出20例HIV阳性者，其中男性18人，女性2人，总检出率为0．24％。HIV感染者经吸毒感染8人（占总阳性数的40．00％），有注射吸毒史者阳性率5．26％；经性途径感染4人（占总阳性数的20．00％），有性乱史者阳性率1．12％；经血液感染1人，7人感染途径不详。结论扬州市监管场所中羁押人员HIV感染率较高，感染者主要为吸毒和性乱人员。     

2005年泰安市监狱看守所羁押劳教人员HIV感染状况调查

[目的]了解监狱看守所羁押劳教人员艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况,为制定防治对策提供依据.[方法]采取整群抽样的方法,对泰安市1所监狱羁押人员、5处看守所劳教人员进行HIV感染等高危行为调查,并采集血标本进行HIV血清学检测.[结果]调查监狱及看守所羁押劳教人员3 408人,其中男性3 363人,女性45人,男性占98.68%,女性占1.32%;年龄14～78岁,20～39岁占68.10%,20岁以下占8.36%;泰安市监狱看守所羁押劳教人员来自全国24个省(市)自治区,山东省及本市人员占92.75%,总检出抗-HIV阳性1例,感染率为0.03%.[结论]监狱看守所羁押劳教人员是一特殊人群,虽然检出1例抗-HIV阳性者,但这一人群存在HIV感染高危险因素.应加强对这一人群宣传教育和干预,控制疾病传播,是艾滋病等疾病防治工作不容忽视的群体.     

Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health differentials in Australian prisoners

OBJECTIVE: Compare the self-reported physical and mental health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners in New South Wales (NSW). DESIGN: Cross-sectional random sample. SETTING: Twenty-nine correctional centres (27 male and two female) in NSW. PARTICIPANTS: 747 men (227 Aboriginal) and 167 women (29 Aboriginal) in full-time custody. METHODS: Face to-face interviews were used to record self-reported health status. RESULTS: Aboriginal prisoners differed significantly from non-Aboriginal inmates in several socio-demographic and criminographic factors. However, few differences were observed in health status between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men and women. After adjusting for age, Aboriginal men were more likely to report high blood pressure and diabetes. No differences were found in chronic health conditions in the female group. Aboriginal men had higher SF-36 scores than non-Aboriginal men on general health, vitality, and mental health. Aboriginal women had lower scores than non-Aboriginal women on social functioning and role-emotional but scored higher on the role-physical dimension. Aboriginal inmates were more likely to report seeing certain health professionals (doctors, dentists, drug and alcohol counsellors, and optometrists) in prison compared with the community. CONCLUSIONS: The health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners is remarkably similar in this population group. Few differences were observed in self-reported chronic health conditions. Aboriginal prisoners report using prison health services more while in prison compared with the community. This highlights that for many, prison is a rare opportunity to contact health services.     

Use of medical services during a 2-month period in the Seattle-King County (Washington) jail.

Total health care utilization in the Seattle-King County jail over a 2-month period in spring 1979 was studied. The annualized visit rate for men was 48 per prisoner per year, 2.6 times the rate for men studied in a long-term prison and almost 20 times the rate for men studied in the general population. The annualized rate for female prisoners was three times that of male prisoners. For all prisoners, the most common problems seen were skin conditions (9.7 percent), musculoskeletal (8.3 percent), and psychiatric (8.2 percent). An examination of practitioners'' patterns in providing care demonstrated the primary role of registered nurses, who saw 70 percent of the patients. During the study period, 125 transfers were made to a hospital; 48.8 percent were for medical problems, 41.6 percent for trauma, and 9.6 percent for psychosocial problems.