腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床应用

目的 探讨选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析125例经腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择性经胆囊管插管行胆道造影的临床资料。结果 术中造影发现胆总管结石22例,胆总管下端狭窄4例,胆管损伤1例,副肝管2例。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择性经胆囊管行胆道造影对降低胆管结石的残留,减少不必要的胆管阴性探查,辨明胆道解剖,避免及发现胆管损伤,提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量和安全性有重要价值。     

选择性胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用体会

目的 评价选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆道造影共88例。结果 造影均成功。术中造影发现胆总管结石5例,无胆管损伤。结论 选择性术中胆道造影,对降低胆总管结石残留,避免胆管损伤,提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效有重要价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床应用

回顾性分析436例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料,其中114例术中经胆囊管胆道造影,322例未行造影。114例行术中胆道造影者,术中发现胆总管结石9例(7.89%),胆管损伤1例(0.88%);术后随访3~6个月发现胆总管残余结石2例(1.75%)。322例未行术中胆道造影者,术中发现胆管损伤1例(0.31%);术后随访3~6个月发现胆总管残余结石19例(5.90%)。腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊胆道造影操作安全、无创,可提高胆总管结石诊断率,及时发现胆管损伤,降低胆总管残余结石发生率,避免不必要的胆道探查。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影的临床意义

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中行经胆囊管胆道造影对隐匿性胆总管结石及医源性胆管损伤诊断的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析341例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料,其中137例术中行经胆囊管胆道造影,207例未行造影.结果 137例行术中胆道造影者,术中发现胆总管结石11例（8.03％）,胆管损伤1例（0.72％）;术后随访3～6个月发现胆总管残余结石4例（2.92％）,未发现胆管损伤.204例未行术中胆道造影者,术中发现胆总管结石5例（2.45％）,术中未发现胆管损伤;术后随访3～6个月发现胆总管残余结石18例（8.82％）,胆管损伤2例（0.98％）.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影操作安全、快速、无创,可提高胆总管结石诊断的敏感度,及时发现胆管损伤,降低胆总管残余结石发生率,避免不必要的胆道探查.     

术中胆道造影在急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值

目的 探讨经胆囊管术中胆道造影在急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的价值.方法 对95例急性胆囊炎胆囊结石患者行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术中行经胆囊管胆道造影,对胆总管结石、胆囊管结石的发生率及发现胆管误伤和解剖变异情况进行回顾性分析.结果 经术中胆道造影发现胆总管结石11例、胆囊管结石6例、迷走胆管1例、肝总管损伤1例、Mirizzi综合征2例、胆道变异2例.结论 经胆囊管术中胆道造影在急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术中可发现术前未发现的胆总管、胆囊管结石,指导治疗,减少术中胆管损伤,及时发现胆管损伤并正确处理,减轻急性炎症带来的手术困难.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择性胆道造影的应用体会

目的探讨选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用价值。方法回顾2004年5月至2006年4月间102例选择性术中胆道造影的病例并进行分析。结果102例显影良好。85例胆总管内未发现结石,17例发现胆总管内结石,5例插管失败改为胆总管穿刺造影。2例经胆囊管套出结石,5例在腹腔镜下切开胆总管取石,10例开腹切开胆总管取石,102例均治愈,未发生胆管损伤。结论选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中对防止术后胆总管内残余结石和胆道损伤具有重要价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的应用价值

目的 评价术中胆道造影技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆道造影共1226例,其中1180例造影成功,成功率为95．5％。结果 术中造影共发现胆总管结石78例,胆管损伤7例,副肝管2例。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影简单易行,显影清楚,能提高手术质量,降低胆管损伤发生率。     

LC中选择性行经胆囊管造影的临床应用

目的评价选择性行经胆囊管胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析113例在LC术中选择性行经胆囊管造影的患者的临床资料。结果术中造影成功108例,成功率为95．6％,术中发现胆总管结石16例,胆管变异3例,胆管损伤1例。结论在LC术中行选择性经胆囊管造影,可协助确诊胆道结石残留,避免不必要的胆道阴性探查,并可避免和发现胆管损伤,对于提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量和安全性具有重要临床价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床探讨

目的 :减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残留结石的发生率。方法 :根据病史及术前B超检查结果 ,对可疑胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影 ,明确胆道情况。结果 :同期行LC 6 5 0例 ,术中胆道造影 89例 ,成功 78例 ,成功率 87 6 4% ,术中发现胆总管结石 19例 ,占同期LC总数的 2 92 %。结论 :术中胆道造影成功率高 ,显像清晰 ,是一种良好的胆道检查方法 ,为腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功奠定了基础 ,同时也使患者避免了二次手术的痛苦     

术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的 :探讨术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中应用的临床价值。方法 :回顾总结 6 7例LC术中行胆道造影的技术要点。结果 :LC术中行胆道造影 6 7例 ,发现胆管结石 19例 ,近端胆囊管小结石 1例 ,乳头部狭窄 1例 ,胆道畸形 2例 ,假阳性 3例 ,准确率 95 5 %。结论 :有选择的在LC中胆道造影可以避免胆管残留结石及胆囊管残株结石 ,减少不必要的胆管阴性探查 ,发现乳头部狭窄 ,辨明胆道解剖 ,避免胆道损伤。     

胆道造影与胆道镜联合应用在胆总管结石手术中的价值

目的探讨术中胆道造影与胆道镜的联合应用在胆总管结石手术中的重要意义。方法回顾性分析104例胆总管结石（或合并胆囊结石）患者的临床资料。其中第一阶段为2005年5月至2010年1月期间完成的74例胆总管结石患者,采用开腹手术,术中胆道镜检查,留置T管,再经T管行术中胆道造影检查。第二阶段为2010年2月至2013年3月的30例患者,在第一阶段经验的基础上分两组：①开腹免T管组,共17例;②腹腔镜组,共13例,其中5例为经胆囊管取石,免T管手术;8例腹腔镜下胆总管切开胆道镜取石、留置T管手术,术中或术后再经T管胆道造影检查。结果第一阶段74例中,术中经常规胆道探查后,再行纤维胆道镜检查发现有结石残留者13例,占18．9％。术后并发切口感染6例,急性心梗1例。全部104例患者均顺利完成手术,在两个阶段中,共有82例行胆囊切除并胆总管切开取石T管引流术,另共有22例行胆囊切除并经胆囊管胆总管切开取出胆总管结石免T管手术。所有患者无死亡,无胆管损伤,无胆管残余结石,均痊愈出院。结论在胆囊切除并胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石手术中联合应用胆道造影与胆道镜安全可靠,治疗效果满意,能很好地降低残余结石率。     

Laparoscopic surgery and the common bile duct

Many biliary tract surgeons have now reached a level of sophistication with laparoscopic cholecystectomy that they are now able to deal with the common bile duct at the same time. Preoperative endoscopic cholangiography can be reserved for cases where choledocholithiasis has a high degree of probability. This has served to decrease the number of negative studies. The surgeon has five choices regarding stones confirmed by operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: (1) do nothing, hoping the stones will pass spontaneously or that a postoperative sphincterotomy with stone extraction will be successful; (2) perform a transcystic laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (best for stones less than 1 cm and distal to the cystic duct); (3) perform a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration by choledochotomy (best for large stones in patients with common bile ducts greater than 1 cm. It is also the preferred approach with stones proximal to the insertion of the cystic duct.); (4) perform an intraoperative sphincterotomy with stone extraction, either retrograde or antegrade (this approach has some proponents but has not gained popularity among the majority of surgeons); and (5) place a double lumen catheter through the cystic duct with a proximal lumen in the common bile duct and the distal lumen in the duodenum. This can be used for serial postoperative cholangiography to confirm spontaneous stone passage or falsely positive operative cholangiograms. It is useful in situations when laparoscopic common bile duct exploration equipment or surgeon expertise is not available. If stones persist, a guidewire can be introduced through the distal lumen of the catheter for a guidewire-assisted sphincterotomy. Other CBD interventions that have been reported include laparoscopic biliary bypass and resection of choledochal cysts. Malignant lesions should not be approached by a laparoscopic method except in unusual circumstances.     

选择性胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopy cholecystectomy,LC）中开展选择性的胆道造影技术及其临床应用价值。方法对98例术中胆道造影患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果同期LC 862例,术中胆道造影98例,造影成功90例,成功率为91.8%。术中发现胆管结石7例,胆管损伤1例,胆道解剖异常2例。结论选择性术中胆道造影操作简便安全,成功率高,显影清晰,可有效降低胆管结石的残余率和胆管损伤的发生率,避免不必要的胆道探查,提高LC手术的安全性。     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管造影网篮胆总管结石取出术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除时经胆囊管取出胆总管结石的可行性. 方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2004年7月经胆囊管胆道造影18例的临床资料.腹腔镜下切除胆囊之前切开胆囊管,插入造影管行胆道造影,发现胆总管结石后,经胆囊管插入金属网篮,取出胆总管结石. 结果经胆囊管行胆总管造影18例,发现胆总管结石11例,其中2例因结石明显大于胆囊管直径,2例因导管无法经胆囊管进入胆总管,1例因结石嵌顿于壶腹部套篮无法套取结石而放弃腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出,余6例成功完成腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术.6例随访6～18个月,B超检查未发现胆总管结石残留,无胆总管狭窄或扩张. 结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术可作为部分继发性胆总管结石的术中诊断和治疗手段.     

Intraoperative cholangiography in videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy: indications,advantages, and limitations

Consensus doesn't exist about the intraoperative cholangiography specially if is need in every one laparoscopic cholecystectomy either exclusively in case of anatomical doubts or suspect of injures or stones of the common duct. We have considered 450 patient subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy during 1992-2000. Patients suspicious to be affected by common duct lithiasis (28 cases) are subjected to ERCP with cleaning of the biliary tree. In 18 patients (4%) it has been necessary the laparotomic conversion; 176 patients (39%) have been subjected to intraoperative cholangiography, selected on anatomical regional disposition or anamnesis and biochemical and instrumental results (history of jaundice or gallstones pancreatitis, abnormal serum level of the biliary stasis biochemistry, common bile duct major of 8 mm, michrolitiasis of the gallbladder). In 7 cases (4%) we have discovered common bile duct stones. We don't attempt intraoperative cholangiography in every one laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but only in cases where we suspect presence of common bile duct stones either iatrogenic injuries or when we retain it necessary to clarify the regional anatomy. Unlikely just in patients where would be more useful, causes major risk of intra- and post-operative complications, it is very difficult, often impossible, to attempt the intraoperative cholangiography. Routinary employing of the intraoperative cholangiography could be useful just for a little number of patients, while selective employing reduce 60% the X-ray. Collaboration with the radiologist is able to reduce the mistaken on the interpretation of the radiograms.     

胆囊切除术中经胆囊管造影1569例临床分析

目的探讨经胆囊管造影在单纯性胆囊切除术中的价值。方法回顾分析本院在1991年1月-2004年12月间1569例单纯性胆囊切除术中常规经胆囊管造影胆管结石的发生率。结果1023例无胆总管探查指征，经术中胆囊管造影51例，阳性49例，经探查证实有结石，546例有胆总管相对探查指征，经胆囊管造影158例阳性，151例探查证实。结论单纯性胆囊切除术中常规经胆囊管造影可发现隐匿性胆总管结石，能有效减少胆管残余结石，减少胆道损伤。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影的应用分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影技术的应用及其临床价值。方法对我院2004年1月~2005年10月在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆管造影106例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组造影成功98例,成功率为95.3%。术中造影发现胆总管结石8例、胆囊管结石2例、胆总管损伤1例。结论术中胆管造影操作迅速、安全,显影清晰,成功率高,能降低胆管损伤的发生率,值得推广应用。     

Intraoperative ultrasonography for common bile duct exploration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The "Endomedix Laparoscan" and the "Leopard" and "Panther" intraoperative ultrasounds were successfully used for the detection of unsuspected common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Out of 60 patients six had common bile duct (CBD) stones and in one patient sludge has been seen. In patients with CBD stones, four small calculi have been observed in one patient, despite negative intraoperative cholangiography (IC). In an other patient a stone in the retropancreatic part of the CBD was detected. Based on preoperative findings CBD stone was unsuspected. We found that intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is useful for in investigating the CBD to detect unsuspected common bile duct stones. It can be used for the examination of other organs (liver, pancreas, hepatoduodenal ligament) as well. The method is easy to perform, fairly simple and informative so it can replace IC during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.