MRI、MRCP对原发性胆囊癌的诊断价值

目的探讨原发性胆囊癌及其浸润转移的MRI、MRCP表现,评价MRI结合MRCP对原发性胆囊癌的诊断价值.资料与方法胆囊癌患者34例,均行MRI扫描,包括轴位、冠状位T1WI、T2WI平扫,MRCP;10例行轴位、冠状位增强扫描;7例行脂肪抑制扫描.结果所有胆囊癌原发灶均为MRI显示,其诊断分型符合率为85.7%;对肝脏直接浸润的诊断正确性为78.6%,肝脏转移的诊断正确性为89.3%,淋巴结转移的敏感性为66.7%,诊断正确性为85.8%;对胆管受侵阳性诊断率为100%,诊断准确性为82.1%.结论 MRI与MRCP联合应用,能较为准确地对原发性胆囊癌进行诊断和分型,并能准确地描述和评价胆囊癌扩散程度及浸润范围.     

MRI及MRCP在胆管癌中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI及MRCP在肝门部胆管癌的诊断价值.方法 收集2010年6月～2012年8月33例来医院就诊并经病理诊断证实了的胆管癌患者,其中男15例,女18例,年龄45-85岁,平均年龄62.3岁,所有患者均行常规MRI扫描、MRCP扫描、全部33例均行强化扫描.扫描采用GE SIGNA HDe 1.5T超导全身磁共振扫描仪.结果 浸润型13例,肿块型17例,乳头状型3例,MRI及MRCP均清楚显示,MRI表现为T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2 WI呈等或稍高信号,增强MR扫描病灶呈延迟强化;MRCP显示扩张胆管的形态及走形的中断或狭窄.结论 MRI及MRCP均能明显的检测出肝门区胆管癌,并且在显示肿瘤的边界、胆管扩张的程度及对门静脉的侵犯有重要的临床价值,较其它影像学检查有一定的优势.它不仅提高肝门区胆管癌的诊断率,而且又为临床治疗提供证据.     

Magnetic resonance imaging including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for tumor localization and therapy planning in malignant hilar obstructions

PURPOSE: To assess image quality and overall accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including two magnetic cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) techniques, for the diagnostics and preoperative work-up of malignant hilar obstructions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with malignant hilar obstructions (hilar cholangiocarcinoma, n=30; hepatocellular carcinoma, n=1) received MRCP by two techniques (single-shot thick-slab and multisection thin-slice MRCP) and unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced MRI. MR assessment included the evaluation of image quality and visualization of bile ducts (5-point scale), and the classification of tumor status. MR results were subsequently correlated with the results from surgery and pathology. RESULTS: The maximum intensity projections of multisection thin-slice MRCP had significantly more artifacts compared to MRCP in the single-shot thick-slab technique, and overall image quality of single-shot thick-slab MRCP was rated significantly superior compared to multisection thin-slice MRCP (4.4 +/- 0.7 and 4.1 +/- 0.9, respectively). Moreover, ductal visualization of different parts of the biliary system was rated superior with single-shot thick-slab MRCP. In contrast, the original data from multisection thin slice MRCP facilitated visualization of periductal lesions and adjacent structures. Overall MR accuracy for the assessment of tumor status, periductal infiltration, and lymph node metastases was 90%, 87%, and 66%, respectively. CONCLUSION: For evaluation of malignant hilar obstructions, MRCP by the single-shot thick-slab technique had superior image quality and fewer artifacts; in contrast, besides sole biliary visualization, multisection MRCP depicted complementary adjacent parenchymal and periductal structures. We therefore recommend MRI, with a combination of both MRCP techniques, for the diagnostic work-up and therapy planning of malignant hilar obstructions.     

磁共振胰胆管成像的临床应用价值

目的：研究磁共振胰胆管成像（ＭＲＣＰ）的临床应用价值。材料与方法：前瞻与回顾性分析了８例正常志愿者、６例慢性胰腺炎和３３例梗阻性黄疸的ＭＲＣＰ检查。结果：ＭＲＣＰ清楚显示１４例正常左、右肝管，肝总管，胆总管和胆囊；冠状位、横轴位分别清楚显示５３９％和８６７％的正常胰管；ＭＲＣＰ结合ＭＲＩ常规平扫前瞻性诊断梗阻性黄疸的准确率为９３３％。结论：ＭＲＣＰ具有重要的临床应用价值     

MR cholangiography: techniques and clinical applications

Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) is a new non-invasive imaging technique for the evaluation of bilio-pancreatic disorders. Different sequences, using both breathhold and non-breathhold techniques, have been employed in order to obtain MRCP images. The authors discuss the technical aspects, particularly focusing their attention on a non-breathhold, three-dimensional, fat-suppressed turbo-spin-echo sequence, optimized on a 0.5-T magnet with 15 mT/m gradients. Clinical applications of MRCP are evaluated, presenting data from both the literature and personal experience. The main indication for MRCP study is represented by the evaluation of common bile duct obstruction, with the aim of assessing the presence of the obstruction (accuracy 85–100 %) and, subsequently, its level (accuracy 91–100 %) and its cause. The utility of associating conventional MR images to MRCP in malignant strictures in order to characterize and stage the malignant lesions is also discussed. Finally, data are presented regarding the indications and utility of MR pancreatography in the evaluation of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Received 24 July 1997; Revision received 30 October 1997; Accepted 16 December 1997     

肝外胆管梗阻的磁共振胆胰管造影诊断

目的 评价磁共振胆胰管造影（ＭＲＣＰ）对肝外胆管梗阻性疾病的临床诊断价值。方法 对５４例肝外胆管梗阻性疾病（肝外胆管结石３０例,恶性胆管梗阻２４例）进行ＭＲＣＰ检查,并与临床诊断或手术和病理结果对照分析。ＭＲＣＰ采用不屏气快速自旋回波（ＴＳＥ）序列重工Ｔ２ＷＩ扫描,结合呼吸触发及脂护抑制技术,原始图像以最大信号强度投影（ＭＩＰ）法进行三维重建。结果 全部５４例ＭＲＣＰ检查均一次成功,５２例胆胰管显     

肝门区胆管梗阻的MR诊断

目的 :探讨肝门区不同病变的MR表现特征 ,评价MR对肝门区病变的诊断价值。方法 :对 3 3例肝门区胆管阻塞的病人进行MR平扫和磁共振胰胆管成像 (MRCP) ,其中 2 4例行MR动态增强扫描和增强后血管成像。结果 :MR清晰显示了肝门区胆管阻塞情况和胆管内外的病变 ,3 3例病变中 ,肝门区胆管癌 17例 ,胆管炎性狭窄 4例 ,其它恶性肿瘤侵犯 8例 (包括原发性肝癌 3例 ,胆囊癌 3例 ,胰腺癌 2例 ) ,胆管结石 2例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除术误扎肝总管 2例。结论 :MR平扫结合MRCP和动态增强 ,对肝门区胆管阻塞能作出准确的定位和定性诊断     

MR imaging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma--comparative study with CT]

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 18 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were evaluated to compare the effectiveness of Gd-DTPA with that of high dose contrast enhancement computed tomography (HCE-CT) in detecting the primary tumor. The primary tumor was demonstrated as having slightly low intensity compared with liver parenchyma and high intensity compared with the dilated bile duct on T1 weighted images. In contrast, MRI using Gd-DTPA, which was carried out in five cases, revealed intense enhancement of the tumor. As the differentiation between cholangiocarcinoma and dilated bile duct was difficult, it was concluded that the use of Gd-DTPA improves the efficacy of MRI in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma. Gd-DTPA was also effective in differentiating the growth pattern of the tumor: the infiltrating type was demonstrated as thickening of the wall of the bile duct, the polypoid type as a soft tissue mass in the bile duct. Contrast MRI study is effective for the detection of cholangiocarcinoma. It is also expected to be effective in the staging diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.     

磁共振B-FFE序列在胆系疾病中的应用

目的 评价磁共振平衡全稳态快速场梯度回波（B-FFE）序列在胆系疾病诊断中的应用价值。资料与方法 104例胆系疾病息者术前行MRI检查,包括冠状位B-FFE,轴位T1WI／FFE、T2WI／TSE、T2WI／SPIR、磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）及动态增强,所有图像与手术病理结果对照。结果 B-FFE序列既可显示胆管病变,又可显示病变对周围结构的影响。B-FFE序列诊断胆系疾病准确率为90．4％,综合各种序列,MR总的诊断准确率为92．3％。结论 B-FFE序列能满意显示胰胆管系统,与MRCP和传统MRI相结合,可提高胆系疾病的诊断准确性。     

MRCP结合MRI在胆管癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:讨论MRCP和MRI在胆管癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用。方法:回顾性分析18例胆管癌患者的MRI和MRCP表现,所有患者均行MR平扫及MRCP检查,其中4人做了MR动态增强扫描。18例中14例经手术病理证实,其余4例均经临床影像学资料全面综合分析确诊。结果:肝门部胆管癌9例,肝外胆管中段癌3例,肝外胆管下段癌6例。MRCP表现为胆管狭窄端呈不规则偏心性狭窄10例,向心性狭窄2例,阻塞或充盈缺损6例。MRI表现为扩张胆管末端不规则狭窄、软组织结节影或“双管征”,T1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,动态增强呈轻、中度强化。结论:MRCP是一种无创伤性的显示胰胆管腔形态的影像学方法,结合MR平扫加增强扫描,在胆管癌定位和定性诊断中有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT阴性法胰胆管成像与MRCP结合MRI诊断胆总管结石的对比分析

目的：探讨螺旋CT阴性法胰胆管成像（N-MSCTCP）对比MRCP结合MRI对胆总管结石的诊断价值。方法：收集临床疑诊胆道梗阻行腹部螺旋CT（MSCT）及MRCP检查的患者136例,MSCT扫描数据经后处理重建获得N-MSCTCP图像。两位医生采用盲法分别对N-MSCTCP及MRCP结合MRI图像作出梗阻定位及定性诊断。以ERCP及手术结果为标准,分别统计分析2种诊断方法对胆总管结石的诊断能力。结果：N-MSCTCP及MRCP结合MRI诊断方法诊断胆总管结石总的准确度分别为82.4%~84.6%和91.2%~92.6%。MRCP结合MRI检出胆总管微小结石阳性率明显高于N-MSCTCP（二者检出率分别为83.9%~87.1%和35.5%~45.2%）,差别有统计学意义（Fisher精确检验,P〈0.05）。两位阅片者间的诊断一致性很好（K〉0.75）。结论：对于胆总管结石N-MSCTCP与MRCP结合MRI均有较高的诊断准确度,而对于微小结石的检出MRCP结合MRI更有优势。     

MRI结合MRCP对肝门部胆管狭窄病因的评价

目的:探讨MRI结合MRCP对肝门部胆管狭窄病因的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析66例肝门部胆管狭窄患者的临床、MRI资料,所有病例均进行MR平扫、增强及MRCP检查,其中12例经ERCP证实、6例经PTC证实,48例经手术病理证实.结果:66例肝门部胆管狭窄患者中,26例损伤性狭窄,9例肝门部胆管癌,6例肝门部转移性肿瘤,14例炎性狭窄,4例胆管结石,Mirizzi综合征及硬化性胆管炎各2例,3例先天性胆管囊肿.胆管受累范围按Bismuth分级,MRI和MRCP均显示了胆管狭窄情况及病变特征.结论:MRI和MRCP对肝门部胆管狭窄病因的诊断具有重要价值,对指导临床采取正确的治疗措施具有重要意义.     

磁共振3D-VIBE序列联合MRCP在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振三维容积式内插法屏气检查序列(3D-VIBE)联合磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的T1期肝门胆管癌16例,术前均经MR 3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP检查,复习MR肝门部胆管癌T1期3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP的影像学表现并与手术病理作对照. 结果 16例T1期肝门部胆管癌中,单纯发生于肝管汇合部7例;同时侵及左肝管4例,侵及右肝管2例;肝管汇合部未见病灶,仅发生于左肝管2例,右肝管1例.肿瘤呈结节状3例,结节合并浸润状2例,单纯浸润状11例;局部淋巴结增大5例,胆囊萎缩2例.MRI T1WI平扫呈等信号4例,稍低信号12例,T2WI呈等信号2例,稍高信号14例;MRCP表现为肝门部胆管截断3例,其上肝内外胆管呈"软藤样"扩张;肝门部胆管狭窄、变细4例,狭窄呈"鼠尾状"或"矛尖状",肝左右叶扩张的胆管在肝门部不能汇合;肝外二级胆管狭窄9例,狭窄段以上胆管不同程度扩张.3D-VIBE三期增强扫描动脉早期肿瘤轻度强化,动脉晚期和门静脉期中到明显强化. 结论 MR 3D-VIBE联合MRCP检查能够提高T1期肝门部胆管癌的检出率.有助于指导临床术前制定合理的手术方案.     

磁共振胰胆管造影在肝外胆道梗阻性疾病中的应用价值分析

目的　评价磁共振胆胰管造影 (MRCP)对肝外胆管梗阻性疾病的临床诊断价值。方法　对 2 9例肝外胆管梗阻性疾病 (肝外胆管结石 9例 ,恶性胆管梗阻 18例 ,胆囊周围淋巴结反应性增生 1例 ,胆囊结石 1例 )进行MRCP检查 ,并与术后病理结果或临床综合诊断对照分析。MRCP采用屏气单次激发半数傅立叶变换的TSE序列 (HASTE) ,原始图像以最大信号强度投影 (MIP)法进行三维重建。结果　全部 2 9例MRCP检查均一次成功 ,2 7例胆胰管显示满意。MRCP对肝外胆管梗阻性疾病的定位诊断率为 10 0 % ,定性诊断率为 79.3 %。结论　MRCP检查成功率高 ,对肝外胆管梗阻的定位诊断准确 ,结合原始图像和常规MRI扫描 ,对肝外胆管结石和恶性胆管梗阻的定性诊断也有较高的准确性     

MSCT及MRI对肝门胆管癌可切除性评价的对照研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及MRI对肝门胆管癌(hepatic hilum cholangiocarcinoma,HHC)的分型诊断与可切除性评价的价值。资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实且术前MSCT及MRI均定性诊断为HHC的患者25例,对MSCT轴位图像、多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)及MRI轴位、冠状位图像、磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)进行分析,分别评价肿瘤病灶的Bismuth-Corlette分型,并与术中结果进行对照分析。采用配对计数资料的卡方检验比较MSCT及MRI对HHC分型及可切除性评价的情况。结果25例中,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲa型、Ⅲb型和Ⅳ型分别为2、4、3、9和7例;12例行根治性切除术,其中Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲa型、Ⅲb型和Ⅳ型分别为2、3、1、5和1例。MSCT评价肿瘤病灶的Bismuth-Corlette分型诊断准确性达84%(21/25),MRI诊断准确性达88%(22/25),两种方法的分型结果对照,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P>0.05)。MSCT及MRI对肿瘤术前可切除性评价与术中评价一致率均为80%(20/25),两种方法对照结果差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.50,...     

磁共振胰胆管造影诊断胆管系统结石

目的：评价磁共振胰胆管造影在胆管系统结石中的诊断价值。材料和方法：对１００例胆管系统结石的患者进行了ＭＲＣＰ检查,采用不屏气快速自旋回波（ＦＳＥ）序列重Ｔ２加权成像,并用呼吸触发、脂肪抑制和最大信号强度投影（ＭＩＰ）的三维重建方法。对ＭＲＣＰ的诊断结果与手术或临床作了对照分析。结果：本组病例均获得了诊断质量的ＭＲＣＰ图像;１００例胆道结石的患者共有１５８处结石：肝内胆管结石２６例次,胆囊结石５６例次,总胆管结石７３例次和总肝管结石３例次。胆管系统结石的主要ＭＲＣＰ表现为：圆形或卵圆形信号缺失（充盈缺损）;倒杯口征;靶征;铸型样结石。ＭＲＣＰ结合原始图像对胆管系统结石诊断总检出率为９０％,而ＭＲＣＰ对胆管系统结石诊断部检出率为８２％两者比较（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＭＲＣＰ结合原始图像对胆管系统结石的诊断有较高的准     

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: combination of MR imaging, MR angiography and MR cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis and assessment of resectability

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of integrating MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and MR angiography (MRA) to conventional MR images in the diagnosis and assessment of resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were prospectively examined with MR. Conventional MR images were acquired in all patients. Three-dimensional MRCP and MRA images were acquired in all patients with suspected biliary and vascular involvement. Acquisition time was less than 45 min in all cases. Images were independently evaluated by two radiologists, with final reading decided by consensus among readers. Diagnosis was confirmed with surgery in 16 patients and with percutaneous biopsy in 7. Concordance among readers was high with a kappa value of 0.83. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was observed in all patients. Correct assessment of unresectability due to vascular involvement was found in 22 of 23 patients. Biliary obstruction was evident in 13 patients, involving the biliary and pancreatic ducts in 9 and the biliary ducts only in 4. Technical advances permit extensive use of MRI in the evaluation of abdominal pathologies. The combination of MR imaging, MRCP, and MRA can provide sufficient information for the diagnosis and assessment of resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which otherwise would require three different exams. Received 22 August 1996; Revision received 3 June 1997; Accepted 19 August 1997     

低场强磁共振胰胆管成像技术的临床应用

目的：探讨低场强ＭＲ胰胆管成像技术及临床应用价值。材料与方法：以０．３低场强ＭＲ、重Ｔ２ＷＩ ＭＲ水成像技术做胰胆管造影４０例。采用快速自旋回波（ＦＳＥ）非屏气扫描技术,加大ＴＲ／ＴＥ技术参数。图像经计算机叠加重建处理。结果：４０全名有１１例胰胆管正常;２９例患有胰胆疾患,其中１４例经手术病理证实。阳性患者均能显示各类疾病的异常改变,阴性者能展示胆总管、胆囊、肝总管、左右肝管的形态。结论：低场强Ｍ     

Clinical impact of MR cholangiopancreatography in patients with biliary disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of MR Cholangiopan-creatography (MRCP) as a first imaging modality in patients with suspected biliary tree pathology and indications to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients, with clinical signs of biliary tree pathology underwent MRCP, performed with a 1.5 T unit and a phased-array coil. Surgery, intraoperative cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or ERCP were regarded as the gold standard in patients with obstruction; the remaining patients underwent follow-up MRCP examinations at 6-9 months. The MR examination was performed with baseline T1w 2D FLASH and T2w TSE sequences, followed by the MRCP study (single-slab breath-hold RARE and multislice breath-hold HASTE sequences). The MR images were independently evaluated by two radiologists. RESULTS: MRCP showed normal findings in 20 patients; 68 patients had biliary duct dilatation. In 11 out of 68 patients MRCP did not identify any obstruction (9/11 were true negative cases). A diagnosis of benign obstruction was expressed in 36/59 patients (4 chronic pancreatitis, 29 choledocolithiasis, 4 inflammatory obstruction, 2 primary sclerosing cholangitis), with 1 false positive and 5 false negatives (sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 86%, 95% and 90%, respectively). MRCP identified 23 neoplastic stenoses (20/23 were true positives): the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy values were 100%, 87% and 95%, respectively. MRCP correctly identified the level of obstruction in 100% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP may be considered as a first-step imaging method in patients with clinical signs of biliary disease. The workload of ERCP in the diagnostic stage could therefore be reduced and its use be reserved for therapeutic indications.     

Gallbladder carcinoma: findings at MR imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography

PURPOSE: To describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings in gallbladder carcinoma, and to correlate these findings with available surgical and biopsy information. METHODS: Preoperative MR images (T1-weighted spin-echo, T2-weighted fast spin-echo, single shot fast spin-echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced gradient echo) in 34 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed for appearance of the primary neoplasm and for demonstration of hepatic, peritoneal, duodenal, and nodal involvement. Imaging findings were then compared with surgical findings (n = 19 patients) and histologic findings (n = 15 patients). RESULTS: Gallbladder carcinoma manifested at MR imaging as focal gallbladder wall thickening with an eccentric mass in 76% (26/34) of cases. The most common types of regional spread demonstrated were direct liver invasion in 91% (31/34), lymphadenopathy in 76% (26/34), and biliary tract invasion in 62% (21/34). Sensitivity for direct hepatic invasion was 100%, and was 92% for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: MRI and MRCP can provide information relevant to preoperative staging of gallbladder carcinoma.