Bruton酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在套细胞淋巴瘤中的研究进展

套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）是一种高度异质性的疾病,其临床表现多种多样,对常规化疗药物多不敏感,预后相对较差。以依鲁替尼（ibrutinib）为代表的新型Bruton酪氨酸激酶（BTK）靶向药物的出现为MCL的治疗提供了新希望。文章就BTK抑制剂在MCL治疗中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

侵犯中枢神经系统及眼球的套细胞淋巴瘤一例并文献复习

目的:分析侵犯中枢神经系统（CNS）及眼球的套细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床特点和治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析2018年4月潍坊医学院附属医院收治的1例侵犯CNS及眼球的套细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果:患者第1个疗程化疗后出现CNS侵犯，腰椎穿刺治疗后病情好转。改为R2方案化疗，化疗过程中出现眼球侵犯，改为R2-HyperCVAD/A方案化疗，但病情出现进展，直至完全失明。给予伊布替尼治疗，CNS及眼球侵犯症状均控制好转。结论:套细胞淋巴瘤侵犯CNS及眼球的病例少见，治疗手段有限，伊布替尼治疗效果良好，可进一步研究。     

伊布替尼治疗套细胞淋巴瘤临床研究进展

摘 要：套细胞淋巴瘤是一种少见的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤类型,兼有惰性淋巴瘤和侵袭性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点,治疗上以全身化疗及造血干细胞移植为主。伊布替尼是全球第一个上市的布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶（Bruton′s tyrosine kinase,BTK）抑制剂,主要通过抑制BTK信号通路,来达到细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞运动的调节。全文就伊布替尼治疗套细胞淋巴瘤临床研究进展作一分析。     

套细胞淋巴瘤

<正>套细胞淋巴瘤(mantle cell lymphoma,MCL)是2001年WHO淋巴造血组织肿瘤新分类中的一种独立的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤[1],占非霍奇金淋巴瘤的5%~10%。它来源于初级淋巴滤泡未成熟生发中心前CD5+的B细胞或次级淋巴滤泡套区细胞。好发于中老年人。大多诊断时处于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,有广     

克唑替尼治疗间变大细胞淋巴瘤激酶阳性间变大细胞淋巴瘤获长期缓解1例并文献复习

间变大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)是一种侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,部分患者初期临床症状表现不明显,容易误诊.确诊的间变大细胞淋巴瘤激酶阳性(ALK+)ALCL患者对化疗(CHOP或ECHOP方法)敏感.而对于功能状态评分差,不能耐受化疗的患者,部分显示了对克唑替尼良好的耐受性和临床疗效.对于复发和难治的ALK+ALCL患者,克唑...     

miR-150在套细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

  目的   探讨套细胞淋巴瘤（mantle cell lymphoma,MCL）中miR-150的表达情况及其临床意义。   方法   通过定量RT-PCR检测29例初治MCL患者及7例正常人外周血B细胞中miR-150和c-Myc的表达水平,探索miR-150和c-Myc表达之间的关系;利用RNAi阻断MCL细胞系Mino和HBL-2中c-Myc表达后,检测miR-150的变化,确定c-Myc是否参与miR-150的表达调控;抑制P493-6细胞表达c-Myc后,观察miR-150的变化,进一步明确miR-150是否受c-Myc调节;将pre-miR-150电转HBL-2细胞系,通过集落形成试验明确miR-150对细胞增殖的影响,Western blot检测c-Myb蛋白的变化。   结果   与正常人外周血B细胞相比,MCL患者低表达miR-150、过表达c-Myc,两者的表达呈负相关;阻断c-Myc后,Mino和HBL-2细胞的miR-150表达增加;抑制c-Myc表达后,P493-6细胞的miR-150表达增高;过表达miR-150后,HBL-2的c-Myb蛋白表达水平和集落形成能力下降。   结论   MCL患者低表达miR-150的原因可能与其c-Myc过表达有关。miR-150能够抑制MCL的增殖,在MCL的治疗中具有潜在价值。      

替西罗莫司治疗套细胞淋巴瘤的研究进展

套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）是一种少见、独特的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）亚型.现有不少治疗MCL的药物和方案,均有一定疗效,但疗效维持时间短,不够理想.目前认为MCL是难以治愈的,预后不良.文章着重介绍了一种治疗MCL的新药替西罗莫司.该药是雷帕霉素的衍生物,它通过下调淋巴瘤的Cyclin D1和Ki-67,阻断细胞周期,诱导肿瘤缩小,抑制肿瘤生长.研究显示替西罗莫司能诱导MCL患者缓解和延长生存,特别对复发性或难治性MCL患者有一定疗效.另外,替西罗莫司与利妥昔单抗,或与其他化疗药物联合应用,能获得比单用替西罗莫司更好的效果.     

依鲁替尼治疗复发性难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的疗效和安全性评估

目的评估依鲁替尼在治疗复发性难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)中的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院肿瘤科收治的34例接受依鲁替尼(单药或联合其他药物)治疗的复发性难治性DLBCL患者,用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox回归模型分析疗效,并行安全性评估。结果34例复发性难治性DLBCL患者客观缓解率为20.6%,疾病控制率为47.1%;中位疾病无进展生存时间为13.000(95%CI7.282~18.718)个月,中位总生存时间为14.000(95%CI7.990~20.010)个月。皮疹(29.4%)和乏力(23.5%)为较常见的不良反应。结论复发性难治性DLBCL患者应用依鲁替尼有较好的近期疗效,且不良反应可耐受,而应用依鲁替尼单药或联合其他方案的思路则为个体化治疗提供基础。     

套细胞淋巴瘤研究进展

套细胞淋巴瘤是2001年WHO淋巴造血组织肿瘤新分类中的一种独立的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤。该肿瘤有其独特的分子遗传学、病理组织学特点，文章对其分子遗传学、病理特征以及治疗与预后作一综述。     

套细胞淋巴瘤诊疗进展

套细胞淋巴瘤（mant lecell lymphoma ,MCL ）是一种少见的B 细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL ）类型,兼具有惰性淋巴瘤和侵袭性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点。目前MCL 的临床治疗仍然是以全身化疗为主,含有阿糖胞苷的强诱导化疗,随后行自体造血干细胞移植（autologous stem cell transplantation,Auto-HSCT ）巩固,可以显著延长生存期,但MCL 仍然属于不可治愈的淋巴瘤类型。近年来,随着对MCL 发病机制的深入研究,更多的新药如Btk抑制剂、PI 3K 抑制剂、免疫调节剂等在MCL 中得到应用。初治、复发难治MCL 都具有更多的治疗选择,如何将新药和现有的化疗更为有机的结合,更好的改善MCL 患者的生存期是未来研究的重点。     

Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of mantle cell lymphoma: A retrospective cohort study by CHOICE

Regimens based on Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have been increasingly used to treat mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A real-world multicenter study was conducted to characterize treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed MCL by Chinese Hematologist and Oncologist Innovation Cooperation of the Excellent (CHOICE). The final analysis included 1261 patients. Immunochemotherapy was the most common first-line treatment, including R-CHOP in 34%, cytarabine-containing regimens in 21% and BR in 3% of the patients. Eleven percent (n = 145) of the patients received BTKi-based frontline therapy. Seventeen percent of the patients received maintenance rituximab. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) was conducted in 12% of the younger (<65 years) patients. In younger patients, propensity score matching analysis did not show significant difference in 2-year progression-free survival and 5-year overall survival rate in patients receiving standard high-dose immunochemotherapy followed by AHCT than induction therapy with BTKi-based regimens without subsequent AHCT (72% vs 70%, P = .476 and 91% vs 84%, P = .255). In older patients, BTKi combined with bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) was associated with the lowest POD24 rate (17%) compared with BR and other BTKi-containing regimens. In patients with resolved hepatitis B at the baseline, HBV reactivation rate was 2.3% vs 5.3% in those receiving anti-HBV prophylaxis vs not; BTKi treatment was not associated with higher risk of HBV reactivation. In conclusion, non-HD-AraC chemotherapy combined with BTKi may be a viable therapeutic strategy for younger patients. Anti-HBV prophylaxis should be implemented in patients with resolved hepatitis B.     

Bruton tyrosine kinase is commonly overexpressed in mantle cell lymphoma and its attenuation by Ibrutinib induces apoptosis

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy that characteristically shows overexpression of cyclin-D1 due to an alteration in the t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal region. Although there are some promising treatment modalities, great majority of patients with this disease remain incurable. The B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling plays a crucial role in B-cell biology and lymphomagenesis. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been identified as a key component of the BCR signaling pathway. Evidence suggests that the blockade of BTK activity by potent pharmacologic inhibitors attenuates BCR signaling and induces cell death. Notably, the expression levels and the role of BTK in MCL survival are still elusive. Here, we demonstrated a moderate to strong BTK expression in all MCL cases (n = 19) compared to benign lymphoid tissues. Treatment of MCL cell lines (Mino or Jeko-1) with a potent BTK pharmacologic inhibitor, Ibrutinib, decreased phospho-BTK-Tyr²²³ expression. Consistent with this observation, Ibrutinib inhibited the viability of both Mino and JeKo-1 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Ibrutinib also induced a concentration-dependent apoptosis in both cell lines. Consistently, Ibrutinib treatment decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 protein. These findings suggest that BTK signaling plays a critical role in MCL cell survival, and the targeting of BTK could represent a promising therapeutic modality for aggressive lymphoma     

Efficacy and safety of ibrutinib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma

In this multicenter, single‐arm, phase II study, the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib were examined in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Patients (age ≥20 years) with relapsed or refractory MCL who had progressed after receiving at least one prior treatment regimen, were enrolled. Patients were treated with oral ibrutinib (560 mg once daily; 28‐day cycle) until disease progression (or relapse), unacceptable toxicity, or study end. The primary end‐point was overall response rate. Secondary end‐points included duration of response (DOR), time to response, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. Of the 16 patients who received treatment, 5 patients discontinued the study (progressive disease, 4; sepsis, 1). Median duration of ibrutinib exposure was 6.5 months (range, 2.8–8.3 months). The overall response rate was 87.5% (90% confidence interval, 65.6–97.7; complete response = 2 [12.5%]; partial response = 12 [75.0%]). Median time to response for all responders (n = 14) was 1.8 months (range, 0.7–5.3 months). The median DOR and PFS were not estimable due to censoring (range: DOR, 1.1–6.4+ months; PFS, 2.8–8.0+ months). Overall survival data were immature due to the limited observation period. A total of 8/16 patients (50%) had at least one grade 3 adverse event (AE), and 5 (31.3%) patients reported serious AEs. The most commonly reported AEs were diarrhea and stomatitis (37.5% each), platelet count decrease (31.3%), and anemia (25%). Overall, orally administered single agent ibrutinib was efficacious with an acceptable safety profile in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. Clinical trial registration NCT02169180 (ClinicalTrials.gov).     

Radiotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma: A literature review

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy, comprising between 3% and 10% of all adult-onset non-Hodgkin lymphomas. MCL is considered incurable with current treatment modalities and most patients require multiple lines of treatment during their lifetime. MCL is very sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), even when delivered in low doses. In limited-stage MCL, RT can enable the de-escalation of systemic therapy. RT monotherapy is a valid option for frail patients. In advanced-stage disease, RT is very potent mode of palliation, even in heavily pretreated and chemo-resistant patients. Furthermore, it can provide a respite during which systemic treatment is unnecessary. In general, RT has a favorable toxicity profile and can be repeated as necessary for local relapse or distant disease. This effective, safe, and relatively inexpensive modality of therapy has been underutilized for patients with MCL. In this review, we will outline the use of RT for limited and advanced-stage disease and its potential application in combination with novel drugs.     

Concomitant high expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and B‐cell receptor (BCR) signalling molecules has clinical implications in mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive disease with frequent relapse. Targeted therapies against B‐cell receptor (BCR) molecules have demonstrated improved outcomes in relapsed cases. However, clinical responses are slow and selective, with failure to attain complete remission in a significant subset of patients. Complex interaction of BCR signal transduction with toll‐like receptor (TLR) and other pathways in MCL remains unknown, thus averting progress in development of targeted therapies. We have performed detailed digital quantification of BCR/TLR signalling molecules and their effector pathways in a cohort (n = 81) of MCL patients and correlated these data with overall survival. Hierarchical clustering model based on BCR/TLR genes revealed two distinct (BCR^high and BCR^low) subsets of patients (n = 32; 40%) with significant differences in expression (>1.5‐fold change; p < 0.05). Higher levels of BTK/SYK/BLNK/CARD11/PLCG signalosome and lower expression of MALT1/BCL10 genes suggested tonic pattern of BCR activation. Amplified expression of TLR6/TLR7/TLR9 was noted in concert with hyper‐responsiveness of BCR machinery. MYD88, a key TLR adaptor molecule, was not upregulated in any of these clusters, which may suggest a ‘cross‐talk’ between BCR and TLR pathways. In sync with BCR/TLR signalling, we recorded significantly enhanced expression of genes associated with NF‐kB pathway in BCR^high subset of MCL patients. On univariate analysis, the BCR^high patients showed a trend towards inferior clinical response to a standardized treatment protocol, compared with the BCR^low group (log rank, p = 0.043). In conclusion, we have identified hyperactive BCR/TLR signalling pathways and their effector downstream targets in a subset of MCL patients and associated it with poor clinical outcomes. Our study provides quantitative evidence at RNA expression level of possible concomitant collaboration between TLR and BCR signalling molecules in MCL. These data will provide further insights for future functional studies and, hence, development of targeted therapies for MCL patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

套细胞淋巴瘤的诊治进展

套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)是一组以t(11;14)和细胞周期蛋白D1阳性(cyclinD1 )过度表达为特征的侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),约占NHL发病的5%~8%,预后差,近期通过比较基因组杂交(CGH),基因芯片和蛋白质组分析等研究MCL取得令人关注的进展。化疗 利妥昔治疗使治疗有效率较前明显提高,异体或自体干细胞移植亦使MCL的预后大为改善,新的治疗方案如蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米(borte-zomib),反应停 利妥昔,细胞周期依赖激酶抑制剂(flavopridol)及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)抑制剂CCI-779等的疗效令人鼓舞。     

An overlapping case of in situ mantle cell neoplasia and leukemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma

In situ mantle cell neoplasia (isMCN) and leukemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma (nnMCL) are classified as an indolent subtype of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The tumor cells of isMCN are restricted to the inner layer of the lymphoid tissue mantle zone, exhibiting an in situ pattern histologically. On the other hand, nnMCL is distributed in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and sometimes the spleen, but lymphadenopathy or systemic organ involvement is rare. We report a case of isMCN in a submandibular lymph node resected from a 65-year-old Japanese male. The tumor cells were positive for cyclin D1 (CCND1) and SOX11 expression, and were restricted to the mantle zone area of the lymph node. However, tumor cells were also detected in the stomach mucosa, bone marrow tissue and peripheral blood, suggesting nnMCL. isMCN and nnMCL may have a partly overlapping disease spectrum, although the correlation between these two subtypes has not been well described. This present case demonstrated characteristics overlapping between isMCN and nnMCL.