An evaluation of an air-supplied blouse and an air hood

Fit factor studies for an air-supplied blouse (blouse) and an air hood respirator (air hood) were conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Nine test subjects were used to test the blouse. Three subjects were used to test the air hood. Exercises conducted in the test chamber included touching toes, raising both arms overhead, squatting, twisting at the torso while holding a rod, and running in place. Both the air hood and blouse were tested with 8 ft3/min air supply. Both respirators were worn in a test chamber. The blouse provided a fit factor of greater than 40,000. The air hood, for nearly all tests, also provided a fit factor greater than 40,000 when worn correctly. Fit factors were also measured for improperly worn air hoods.     

Nutrition clinic: an integral component of an undergraduate curriculum

Piloted in 1972 in collaboration with the University Health Services, Pennsylvania State University's Nutrition Clinic and Consultation Center was designed to provide supervised beginning counseling experiences for undergraduate nutrition students, a nutrition counseling service for university students and area residents, and an applied research program. The clinic program has evolved over time and has received enthusiastic response from students, clients, health professionals, faculty, and university administration. The clinic has now become an integral part of the University Health Services program, an essential element in the undergraduate curriculum, a contributing factor in graduate education, and a nutrition counseling resource for area residents and physicians. The staff has identified several research and communication needs and fostered an interdisciplinary counseling skills research program. In addition, the clinic investment has stimulated more applied nutrition experiences for students and raised nutrition consciousness levels throughout the university and the community. Elements of this model can be adapted to available budgetary and academic resources.     

The portfolio as an evaluation tool: an analysis of its use in an undergraduate nursing program

This qualitative study was carried out between April and August 2007. It analyzed the use of portfolios in the academic community. A total of nine full-time professors and 119 students enrolled in their third semester were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze data. Learning evaluations are seen as a verification of knowledge and efficacy of pedagogical method, and also as an incentive to study. Evaluations are procedural, that is, evaluation is continuous, or one-time, e.g. semester end tests. The portfolio is defined as a gradual and continuous evaluation tool. The faculty members and students need to accept the use of portfolios and evaluate the possibilities of this resource. This study is a first attempt to appraise the evaluation process of an undergraduate program, and the use of portfolios and other strategies needs to be consolidated in order to improve the educational process in undergraduate nursing programs.     

某部队结核病聚集流行的现场调查与控制研究

目的探讨部队某部新兵连一起结核病聚集的流行因素,控制结核的进一步蔓延。方法对该部所有新兵及密切接触者进行流行病学调查、X线检查、结核菌素试验、X线检查异常者进行痰结核菌检查,查找结核菌,确诊结核病人,追踪传染源。结果 2008年2月-2009年2月1年内,640名新兵中共确诊活动性结核34例,罹患率5.31%。时间分布呈现两个小高峰,在春秋季。PPD检测人数扩大到新兵密切接触者,共833例,阳性共598例,结核感染率71.79%;强阳性48例,强阳性率5.76%。大大高于对照的未发病部队(P<0.01)。结论首发病例的误诊和未隔离是本次暴发的源头。应加强上下级卫生防疫部门的沟通,采取综合性的结核病防治措施,预防结核病的聚集流行。     

某教育培训机构发生诺如病毒感染暴发的调查

目的 分析一起发生在教育培训机构内、以胃肠道症状为主的暴发疫情,提出预防控制措施,评估处置效果。方法 按照病例定义进行病例搜索和个案调查,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,采集部分学生、教师、厨师的肛拭子样本及食物、环境样本进行病原学检测。 该教育培训机构共发现病例19例,均为学生,罹患率为63.33%(19/30),流行曲线呈现点源暴露模式,同一场所内不同机构发病差异有统计学意义(χ2=91.11,P<0.010),19名不同性别学生发病差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.146,P=0.702),22份标本中6份为诺如病毒GⅡ型核酸检测阳性。 这是一起由诺如病毒导致的以腹泻、呕吐症状为主的培训机构暴发疫情。     

Costs of an outbreak of wound infections in an orthopaedic ward.

An outbreak of serious wound infections occurring in an orthopaedic ward is reported. The outbreak involved 10 patients, all of whom had undergone clean, orthopaedic operative procedures. The outbreak was eventually terminated by discarding five damaged and contaminated mattresses. The costs incurred during this outbreak were calculated using a retrospective comparative study. The infected patients had an average increased hospital stay of 17 days and average increased costs of 2220 pounds. The outbreak demonstrated the high costs of hospital-acquired infection and the need for further investment in infection control programmes.     

Influence of an intrauterine device on the course of an acute salpingitis

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an IUD in women with an acute salpingitis should be removed or left in position. In a prospective study of such patients, early removal of the IUD did not significantly influence the course of disease as indicated by the ESR. It is proposed that the IUD should generally be left in position.