应用M-FISH技术检测急性髓细胞白血病的两种新的复杂变异性t(8;21)易位

目的：探讨M-FISH技术在检测复杂核型中的价值。方法：联合应用常规细胞遗传学技术和M-FISH检测2例伴有复杂核型异常的急性髓细胞白血病患者。结果：常规细胞遗传学技术检测2例急性髓细胞白血病患者的核型分别是：病例1为46。xy，der（8）t（8；21）。＋mar；病例2为46。xx．r（1）（p36p11）。del（5）（q22q34）der（8）t（8；21），＋mar。而应用M-FISH检测2例中的标记染色体分别是：t（8；21；8）和t（21；8；18；1）。例1经过1次诱导缓解治疗未获得完全缓解．并很快死亡。例2在4次不同方案的诱导缓解治疗后才获得完全缓解。结论：M-FISH是一种有效的检测复杂核型异常的方法。伴有复杂变异的t（8；21）核型的AML患者预后似乎不良。     

荧光原位杂交检测急性髓性白血病21号染色体复杂核型异常

目的对急性髓性白血病（AML）患者可能出现的21号染色体复杂核型异常进行研究。方法AML患者共50例,其中成人37例,儿童13例,采用荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）,运用多种位点特异性DNA探针（染色体全染、特殊位点、双色易位融合探针）进行杂交。结果50例AML中,7例患者出现21号染色体异常（14％）,包括21号染色体数量和结构上的异常。其中4例儿童AML出现21号染色体三倍体,1例合并复杂的核型变化：47～49,XX,der（1）t（1;17）（p36．1;q23）,＋4,＋10,der（11）t（11;17）（q23;q23）,-17,-18,＋20,＋21。3例成人AML出现21号染色体结构的变化,即t（8;21）（q22;q22）。其中1例患者出现复杂的核型变化,即der（21）,t（8;21）（q22;q22）,dup（15q）。结论AML常合并有21号染色体畸变。儿童及成人AML出现21号染色体畸变的方式不同：前者多见21号染色体数量上的变化,而后者多见21号染色体结构上的变化。     

MiR-130a is aberrantly overexpressed in adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) and its suppression induces AML cell death

Background: Emerging evidence has revealed that miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in leukemia. The ectopic expression of miR-130a has been reported in chronic leukemia, but our understanding of the biological implications of miR-130a expression remains incomplete.

Methods: We quantified a cohort of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by bead-based miRNA and real-time quantitative PCR (Rq-PCR). The luciferase reporter gene assay was analyzed after the plasmid constructs which contain 5’-UTR of miR-130a and a Renilla luciferase reporter plasmid were transfected simultaneously into 293T cells. MTT and caspase 3/7 apoptosis assays were used to test cell viability and apoptosis.

Results: We identified miR-130a as significantly overexpressed in t(8;21) AML. Expression of miR-130a decreased significantly once patients with t(8;21) achieved complete remission, but increased sharply at the time of relapse. In patients with t(8;21) AML, KIT mutational status was associated with miR-130a expression—with higher expression associated with KIT activating mutations. Increased miR-130a expression in t(8;21) AML was associated with slightly worse event-free survival; however, no impact on overall survival was observed. Knockdown of AML1/ETO protein in the SKNO-1 cell line resulted in decrease of expression of miR-130a. Direct binding of AML1/ETO fusion protein with the promoter sequence of miR-130a was detected with luciferase reporter gene assay. Following miR-130a knockdown, SKNO-1 demonstrated increased sensitivity to etoposide.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-130a is directly activated by AML1/ETO, and may act as a factor which is associated with leukemia burden, event-free survival, and chemotherapy sensitivity in t(8;21) AML.     

t(8;21)急性髓性白血病72例的特征分析

目的:探讨伴有t(8;21)染色体异常的急性髓性白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)的实验室及临床特性,比较伴有附加染色体异常与单纯t(8;21)AML的差异.方法:回顾性分析72例t(8;21)AML患者,包括细胞形态学、血象、细胞遗传学G显带核型、免疫表型、AML1/ETO融合基因及临床特征,并按染色体核型分为单纯组(A组)及伴有附加异常组(B组)进行比较.结果:72例t(8;21)AML按FAB分型M2占65例(90%),M4占5例,2例为M5.单纯易位27例,伴附加染色体异常45例(62.5%),主要的附加异常类型为-Y, 4,del(9q).A,B两组在年龄分布、骨髓幼稚细胞数、骨髓Auer小体检出率、骨髓嗜酸细胞数、免疫表型分布、髓外白血病发生率及化疗诱导缓解率上差异无统计学意义,但B组初诊时外周血白细胞数略低,且男性患者比例明显高于A组.随访1～96月,A组3年预期生存率为(63.9±11.2)%,中位生存时间为65个月;而B组3年预期生存率为(20.9±9.2)%,中位生存时间12个月(P＜0.05),但B组各种主要附加异常之间生存时间差别无统计学意义.结论:附加染色体异常是t(8;21)AML预后不良的重要因素之一,伴有附加异常的t(8;21)AML生存时间明显短于单纯t(8;21)者.     

皮肤MALT淋巴瘤缺乏t（11；18）（q21；q21）／API2-MALT1和t（14；18）（q34；q21）／IGH—MALT1

目的：探讨黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤中常见的两个染色体易位t（11;18）（q21;q21）／API2-MALT1和t（14;18）（q34;q21）／IGH—MALT1在皮肤MALT淋巴瘤中的发生率。方法：采用MALT1及IGH双色分离探针,对19例皮肤MALT淋巴瘤标本进行间期荧光原位杂交（FISH）。结果：19例皮肤MALT淋巴瘤中均未检测到涉及MALT1基因的染色体易位,但发现2例（2／19,11％）存在MALT1基因的3个拷贝现象。结论：涉及MALT1基因的染色体易位,即t（11;18）（q21;q21）／API2-MALT1和t（14;18）（q34;q21）／IGH—MALT1在皮肤MALT淋巴瘤罕见或不见。     

Supernumerary chromosome marker Der(22)t(11;22) resulting from a maternal balanced translocation

Derivative 22 [der(22)] syndrome is a rare disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies including pre-auricular skin tags or pits, conotruncal heart defects, and profound mental retardation. Der(22)t(11;22) is one of the causes of supernumerary chromosome markers (mar) in humans. We present a boy with developmental delay and multiple anomalies consistent with the supernumerary der(22) syndrome. Cytogenetic analysis showed an abnormal chromosome complement of 47, XY, +mar in all 50 cells analyzed. The karyotype of his mother showed a reciprocal translocation over the distal bands 11q23 and 22q11, respectively, i.e., 46,XX,t( 11;22)(q23.3;q11.2), and that of his father was 46,XY. Thus, the nature of the supernumerary chromosome markers was of der(22)t(11 ;22)(q23.3;q11.2). The clinical features, including craniofacial dysmorphism, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, heart defects, and urogenital anomalies, were the combined effects of partial trisomies for both distal 11q and pericentromeric 22q.     

t(8;21)急性髓性白血病预后分析

目的:研究伴t(8;21)的急性髓性白血病(AML)患者近期疗效。方法:30例伴t(8;21)的AML患者中M01例、M226例、M52例、CML-BPI例。26例伴有t(8;21)的M2患者中简单核型异常9例,复杂核型异常17例,取28例正常核型的M2患者为对照,观察染色体核型异常与化疗后完全缓解(CR)率的关系。结果:t(8;21)的非M2患者除1例M5经治疗为CR外,余3例均为NR;t(8;21)的M2患者的CR率(84.6％(22/26))高于正常核型的M2患者(64.3％(18/28))(P>0.05);简单核型异常的M2/t(8;21)患者化疗CR率(94.1％(16/17))高于伴复杂核型异常的M2/t(8;21)患者(66.7％(6/9))(P>0.05)。结论:t(8;21)的M2患者预后较好。而伴复杂核型M2/1(8;21)患者疗效相对较差。     

t(8,21)易位急性髓细胞性白血病免疫学表型分析

用流式细胞仪检测21例t（8；21）易位急性髓细胞性白血病细胞的免疫学表型，并与无t（8；21）易位急性髓细胞白血病（M2）病人比较．结果：t（8；21） 组与t（8；21）-组CD1，阳性率分别为62％、9％（P＜0．01）．CD34阳性率分别为76.2％、36％（P＜0．05），t（8；21） 组中皆无表达CD7，而t（8；21）-组中CD7阳性率为27．2％（P＜0．05）；两组间CD15、CD13、CD33、CD10表达无显著差异．提示t（8；21）急性髓细胞白血病有独特的免疫学表型特点，对形态学分类法难以分类的急性白血病诊断有一定的价值．     

79例儿童t(8;21)急性髓系白血病的核型及预后分析

目的 调查儿童t(8;21)急性體系白血病(AML)的核型异常情况,评估缓解后治疗强度对预后的影响.方法 采用形态学、免疫学和细胞遗传学(MIC)方法对79例儿童t(8;21)AML患者进行检测确诊.诱导缓解治疗采用高三尖杉酯碱联合阿糖胞苷(HA)/柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷(DA)/高三尖杉酯碱、阿糖胞苷和柔红霉素联合(HAD)方案.缓解后进行异基因造血干细胞移植或5～7疗程的联合化疗.结果 79例患儿中,55例(69.6%)有附加染色体异常,其中40例(50.6%)伴性染色体丢失,9例(11.4%)为del(9q),7例(8.9%)为复杂变异型t(8;21)异常.3例患儿染色体数量在90条以上且伴双重t(8;21)四倍体核型,预后均不良.1、2疗程完全缓解(CR)率分别力81.7%(49/60)和94.8%(55/58);3年无事故生存率、无病生存(DIS)率和总生存率分别为(26.2 ± 6.8)%、(31.3 ± 6.7)%和(27.6 ± 6.6)%;29例患儿缓解后治疗疗程数为5个或以上,其3年DFS率为(51.7 ± 9.3)%.单纯t(8;21)±性染色体丢失组与伴其他附加染色体异常组患儿的3年DFS率差异无统计学意义(P=0.36).大剂量阿糖胞苷组患儿的3年DFS率明显优于标准化疗组(66.7% vs.27.3%,P=0.03).结论 多数儿童t(8;21)AML患者伴有附加染色体核型异常,附加染色体核型异常对患儿生存没有不良影响.染色体数量在90条以上且伴双重t(8;21)四倍体核型少见,但预后不良.儿童伴t(8;21)AML治疗CR率高,远期疗效好.采用大剂量阿糖胞苷作为缓解后治疗能提高远期疗效.     

习惯性流产夫妇中的3;18平衡易位核型

本文观察了1对习惯性流产夫妇的染色体,其丈夫有46,XY,t(3;18)(3qter→3p22::18q23→18qter;18pter→18q23::3p22→3qter)平衡易位核型,并有一个1qh~+的标记染色体。他们曾不明原因地连续流产3次,大产1胎无脑儿。这个平衡易位携带者为产前检查提供了新的易位核型。     

A single fusion signal for t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is present in both the follicular lymphoma and local endothelial cells

Herein we reported a case of follicular lymphoma with 50.26% clonal malignant lymphocytes and 50% tumor cells positive for the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and B-cell lymphoma 2 gene (IGH-BCL2). To determine whether endothelial cells (ECs) within the tumor share the feature of advanced malignancy, we isolated and purified the ECs from the tumor by using the immunomagnetic beads conjugated with a monoclonal antibody against CD34, a surface marker of ECs. Thereafter, we identified ECs according to their morphology and found that ECs presented consistently flat and elongated appearance with a lot of Weibel-Palade bodies in the cytoplasm. Results of flow cytometry confirmed that ECs isolated from the follicular lymphoma expressed high level of both vWF and CD34 and the purity of the ECs fraction was more than 90%. Additionally, we used FISH to check chromosomal aberration in the purified ECs and found that some of the ECs had only one fusion signal for the green IGH probe and the red BCL2 probe in contrast to typical t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation with two fusion signals. This phenomenon was also observed in the tumor cells. It might be a different breakpoint of IGH in this case, which induced the loss of the fusion signal, indicating t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation. The positive cells accounted for 18% of the isolated ECs from the tumor, indicating that a proportion of ECs from follicular lymphoma had the same chromosome aberration as the neoplastic cells.     

Trisomy chromosome (22)(q13.1-qter) as a result of paternal inversion (22)(p11q13.1) proved using region-specific FISH probes

We present a male infant with multiple congenital anomalies including severe growth retardation, microcephaly, hypertelorism, low-set ears, bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, cryptorchidism with hypospadias, hemivertebrae, and complex heart defects. The karyotype was 46, XY, rec(22) dup(22q) inv(22)(p11q13)pat. The duplicated segment (q13.1 -->qter), a result of an unbalanced recombinant derived from the paternal inversion (22)(pllq13.1), was confirmed using results of silver staining for nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization with region-specific probes (D22S75/D22S39 and Mbcr). This case further delineated the clinical entity of duplicated 22q13 or distal trisomy 22.     

双色FISH检测21号染色体及DSCR Cosmid克隆制图

应用Ｂｉｏｔｉｎ－１６－ｄＵＴＰ和Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ－１１－ｄＵＴＰ分别标记人２１／１３号染色体着丝粒区ＤＮＡ探针（Ｄ１３ＺＩ／Ｄ２１ＺＩ）和Ｄｏｗｎ综合征核心区（ＤＳＣＲ）ＣｏｓｍｉｄＤＮＡ探针，与人类正常二倍体染色体进行原位杂交（ＩＳＨ），并用相应的免疫荧光系统检测杂交信号，在两条１３号和两条２１号染色体着丝粒区显示绿色（ＦＩＴＣ）信号；在两条２１号染色体长臂（２１ｑ２２）显示红色（Ｒｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅ）信号。双色ＦＩＳＨ为检测２１号染色体数目和结构异常提供了可靠的手段，为基因在染色体上制图提供了有效的方法。     

伴t（8；21）（q22；q22）易位的儿童急性双表型白血病的生物学特征

目的探讨伴t（8;21）（q22;q22）易位的儿童急性双表型白血病（BAL）的生物学特征。方法分析7例伴t（8;21）（q22;q22）易位的儿童BAL,取同期诊断的30例t（8;21）阴性的急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）患儿作为对照组,分析其骨髓细胞形态学、细胞免疫学表型、细胞遗传学、分子生物学（MICM）特征。结果7例伴t（8;21）（q22;q22）易位的儿童BAL占同期连续190例急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）的3．7％。骨髓细胞形态学均显示为AML-M2,分类中原始细胞均显著增多（均P〈0．01）;免疫表型均为髓细胞系伴B淋巴细胞系表达;CD34为高表达阳性;均有t（8;21）（q22;q22）染色体改变,且常伴有染色体复杂易位或缺失等改变;融合基因AMLl／ETO检测均为阳性;7例患儿经治疗后完全缓解（CR）率71．4％,对兼顾AML和急性淋巴细胞白血病（AIJL）的联合治疗方案效果较好。结论BAL是急性白血病的一种亚型,其预后不良可能与染色体异常发生率高、CD34高表达阳性有关,对于BAL采用兼顾AML和ALL的联合治疗方案可提高其疗效。     

仅由t(10;12)(q24;p13)异常所致的难治性急性髓细胞白血病首例报道和文献回顾

Rearrangements involving chromosome region at 12p13 are common abnormalities in hematological malignancies, including myeloid and lymphoid types. ETV6 gene is usually involved in the 12p13 region. ETV6 rearrangements are more often observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where ETV6 gene deletions are more common than rearrangements.Here, we report an AML case with the recurrent t(10;12) (q24;p13) as the sole abnormality. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with mapping back to metaphases confirmed that the ETV6 gene splits, and rearranges with a locus at 10q24. In review of the literature, this is the first report of AML case with the novel abnormality as the sole change. Complete laboratory findings from bone marrow examination, flow cytometry analysis, cytogenetie studies, molecular analysis, and clinical features are also described in the report.     

Chromosomal changes detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Objectives To investigate patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for TEL/AML1 fusion,BCR/ABL fusion, MLL gene rearrangements, and numerical changes of chromosomes 4, 10, 17 and 21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to determine the relationship and the significance of those findings.Methods Fifty-one American patients (34 men and 17 women) were included in this study. Of them there were 41 patients with pro-B cell type ALL, 9 with B cell type ALL and 1 with T cell type ALL.Chromosome metaphases of each sample were prepared according to standard protocols.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed using commercially available DNA probes, including whole chromosome painting probes, locus specific probes, specific chromosome centromere probes and dual color/multiple color translocation fusion probes. The digital image analysis was carried out using Cytovision and Quips FISH programs.Results An overall incidence of chromosomal anomalies, including t (9; 22 ), MLL gene rearrangements, t (12;21), and numerical chromosomal anomalies of chromosomes 4, 10, 17 and 21 was found in 33 patients (65%). Thirty-one of them were pediatric patients and two adults. The t(12;21) was the commonest chromosomal anomaly detected in this population; 14 out of the 45pediatric patients (31%) were positive for TEL/AML1 fusion, among which three had an additionalderivative 21[t (12;21) ], four had a deletion of 12p and two had an extra copy of chromosome 21.All 14 patients with positive TEL/AML1 fusion had ALL pre-B cell or B-cell lineage according to standard immunotyping. The percentage of cells with fusion signals ranged from 20% to 80%. All fourteen patients positive for TEL/AML1 gene fusion were mosaic. Three out of the 14 patients positive for the TEL/AML1 gene fusion were originally reported to be culture failures and none of the remaining eleven samples had been found to have chromosome 12 abnormalities by conventional cytogenetic techniques. All pediatric patients with pre-T or T cell lineage and the six adults were negative for TEL/AML1 fusion. One patient had double Philadelphia chromosomes, three had a rearranaement or a deletion of the MLL aene. one had t (4;11)and two had a deletion of the MLL One of the patients with an MLL deletion also had a large ring of chromosome 21, and r (21) was caused by AML1 gene tandemly duplicated at least five times. The second case with the MLL deletion was also unique, the patient had a t (12;21) as well. A total of 20 patients had numerical changes( gain or loss) of chromosomes 4, 10, 17 and 21. Eight patients were found to have trisomies of three or four different chromosomes. Interestingly, seven of these patients did not have TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL or the MLL aene rearranaement, one did have the TEL/AML1 aene fusion. Eleven patients with pro-B cell or B cell type ALL (9 children with ALL, 2 adults with ALL) had numerical changes of chromosome 21 (gain 1 or 2 chromosome 21 ), among them, 10 patients had no structural alteration of chromosome 21, and one was combined by t (12;21 ). Four patients had a monosomy of chromosome 17 and three out of these patients with monosomy 17 also had a fusion signal of TEL/AML1.     

Granulocytic sarcoma causing cord compression in a pregnant woman with acute myeloid leukemia and t(8;21)

Chloroma or granulocytic sarcomas (GSs) are solid tumors originating from myeloid precursors. Most frequently they occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorder, and myelodysplasia. It may involve any organ system, but mostly it affects the bone and soft tissue of the head and neck. Granulocytic sarcoma resulting in spinal cord compression is rare. The association between t(8;21), and GS has been reported. In spite of the fact that t(8;21) is considered to be associated with good prognosis, patients with GS and spinal cord compression had less favorable prognosis than other AML patients with t(8;21). Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical decompression are the accepted methods of therapy. However, aggressive therapy such as transplantation may be warranted early in the therapeutic strategy. Pregnancy associated with AML is rare. In our research, only one case of pregnancy with GS and AML has been previously reported. We are reporting a pregnant female diagnosed with AML/M2 with t(8;21) at the first trimester, who relapsed with GS, and cord compression at full term. She had a normal baby, and achieved second remission post-chemotherapy. Unfortunately, shortly after this she had a relapse, and died.     

Clinical and prognostic investigations on M2/t(8;21) acute nonlymphocytic leukemia

Summary Clinical and prognostic investigations were conducted in 46 cases of M2/t (8;21) leukemia and 29 cases of M2/NN patients. Results showed that most patients with M2/t(8;21) were young males with higher incidence of extramedullary infiltrations. Complete remission rate was higher but with earlier relaps. The prognosis of patients with M2/t(8;21) with loss of one sexual chromosome was poor.     

一家三代五人染色体(14q;21q)平衡易位携带者

报告了一家三代五人都是同一类型的染色体(14q;21q)平衡易位携带者,除本人自然流产三次外,余均无流产及畸胎史,智力正常。     

荧光原位杂交检测骨髓增生异常综合征患者染色体复杂核型变化及临床意义的研究

目的:探讨骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者复杂核型变化及其临床意义。方法:在常规细胞遗传学(CC)方法检测基础上,运用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH),采用多种位点特异性DNA探针(染色体全染、特殊位点、双色易位融合探针)对35例MDS患者进行染色体核型分析。结果:35例MDS患者中有24例出现染色体异常,包括染色体数目及结构的异常,阳性率占68.6%。其中6例出现5号染色体单体或5号染色体长臂丢失;4例出现7号染色体单体或7号染色体长臂丢失;1例出现等臂7号染色体;2例出现8号染色体三倍体;3例出现Y染色体丢失;2例出现16号染色体倒位;5例出现复杂的染色体易位,包括t(6;?),(t8;21)(q22;q22),(t7;?),der(19)(t19;?)(q13.3;?),der(9)(t9;?)(p11;?)(t6;9),(t8;14),(t1;8)。结论:FISH技术在MDS染色体核型分析上可作为重要技术补充手段弥补CC检查的不足,对MDS准确诊断分型、合理治疗方法的选择乃至对预后的评估都具有重要的临床意义。