视盘形态分析在基层医院原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的作用

目的:探讨视盘形态分析在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的作用。方法:选取72例视乳头杯盘比在0.5~0.8之间的受检者进行视力、裂隙灯、直接检眼镜检查、测眼压及24h眼压曲线、检影验光,并行房角镜、电脑视野和光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查,并对上述检查结果进行分析。结果:视盘形态正常者仅有10例眼压在可疑范围,视野、OCT检查未见异常;而视盘形态异常者中眼压、视野及OCT异常者占较大比例。结论:视盘形态在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中是一敏感因素。     

生理性大视杯及早期青光眼的盘沿形态研究

目的探讨生理性大视杯与早期青光眼的差异。方法侧重分析、研究盘沿的形态。研究对象分两组：（１）生理性大视杯：Ｃ／Ｄ＞０．６，视盘面积大于２．８ｍｍ２，随诊３～６年盘沿无改变，眼压及视野均正常，共５４例（８８只眼）。（２）早期青光眼：在随诊中有盘沿丢失或视野缺损，但Ｃ／Ｄ＜０．８者共６８例（８９只眼）。反映形态的指标有：（１）系列盘沿宽度；（２）视杯形态参数，即垂直Ｃ／Ｄ与水平Ｃ／Ｄ的比值。结果生理性大视杯与早期青光眼在形态上的差异：（１）前者视盘大；（２）前者的视杯为横椭圆形，后者视杯呈竖椭圆形；（３）前者的盘沿以下方最宽，上方次之，鼻侧、颞侧盘沿宽度较窄；后者因早期以下方盘沿丢失最常见，所以下方盘沿宽度较上方者窄或相同。结论视杯形态＋盘沿面积＋视盘面积的组合，在多因素判别分析的回代中符合率最高。     

盘沿面积,视杯面积与视盘面积对比原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的意义

将原发性开角型青光眼３４例４９眼和正常对照组１２例２３眼的ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ和ＣＡ／ＤＡ进行比较，检测结果显示：正常对照组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７５±０．００５，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２６±０．００４，开角型青光眼早期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．５８±０．０６８，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．４８±０．００８，开角型青光眼中晚期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２７±０．０１２，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７４±０．１０９。两组相比均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００     

合并近视的原发性开角型青光眼视盘形态和视网膜神经纤维层改变

目的 探讨合并近视的原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma with myopia,M-POAG)视盘形态和视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)改变的特点及其临床意义。 方法 对38例63只合并近视[(－6.92±3.79)D]、高眼压性[(32.00±9.36) mm　Hg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)作眼底彩色照相,利用计算机图像分析设备分析视盘形态及RNFL 缺损的变化,并与单纯原发性开角型青光眼(simple primary open-angle glaucoma,S-POAG)的相应临床检查资料进行比较。 结果 M-POAG视盘形态和RNFL萎缩除具有与S-POAG相同的一般表现外,尚有其特征性改变：视盘呈椭圆形(垂直或水平)、斜入及部分缺损形,色泽苍白;视杯形态各异,呈碟形(28.6%)、垂直形(25.4%)、倾斜形(23.8%)、锅形(9.5%)及局限与同心圆形等;盘沿面积及杯/盘横径比值显著低于S-POAG组(P<0.05,P＜0.001)。视盘凹陷偏心 多向下方。RNFL局限性萎缩主要出现在下方视网膜;弥漫性RNFL萎缩与合并高度近视的中后期POAG视野缺损密切相关(P<0.005)。 结论 M-POAG的视盘形态特征以及RNFL改变特点有助于在合并高度近视的POAG中的临床诊断。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:81-84)     

原发性开角型青光眼

原发性开角型青光眼李美玉青光眼是由于眼压升高引起的视乳头损害和视野缺损的一种眼病。个体眼球对眼压的耐受力不同，有些眼球眼压高于２．８ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）可产生视乳头和视野损害，形成真正的青光眼；有些眼压虽高出正常值，却不产生视乳头和视野...     

盘沿面积、视杯面积与视盘面积比对原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的意义

将原发性开角型青光眼３４例４９眼和正常对照组１２例２３眼的ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ和ＣＡ／ＤＡ进行比较，检测结果显示：正常对照组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７５±０．００５，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２６±０．００４，开角型青光眼早期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．５８±０．０６８，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．４８±０．００８，开角型青光眼中晚期组ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ＝０．２７±０．０１２，ＣＡ／ＤＡ＝０．７４±０．１０９。两组相比均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），认为ＮＲＡ／ＤＡ、ＣＡ／ＤＡ均可做为原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的重要客观指标。     

盘沿形态改变在开角型青光眼早期诊断的初步应用

青光眼是一种严重的不可逆性致盲性眼病。根据 1987年全国盲目和低视力流行病学调查 ,青光眼盲人占盲人总数的 8 8% ,为第四位致盲眼病。国外有学者从蒙古和新加坡的流行病学调查资料中 ,推算中国 >40岁人群中青光眼患者高达 940万 ,其中盲目患者达 52 0万[1]。这些数据远超出我国以往估计的数字。原发性开角型青光眼的患者临床中无明显症状 ,故不易早期发现 ,往往贻误治疗 ,导致视力丧失。因此原发性开角型青光眼的早期诊断一直是青光眼研究的重点之一。基层医院设备简单 ,青光眼的早期诊断更为困难。我们对近 4年从各种普查体检中发现的 3…     

原发性开角型青光眼和可疑开角型青光眼HRT视盘参数与视野缺损的相关性研究

目的探讨原发性开角型青光眼和可疑性开角型青光眼的视盘参数与视野平均缺损（Mean defect，MD）之间的相关性。方法用海德堡激光眼底扫描仪（HRT—Ⅱ）和自动视野计测定128只原发性开角型青光眼和78只可疑性开角型青光眼患者的视盘参数和静态视网膜光阈值。从视盘参数中选择盘沿面积（rim area，RA）、杯盘面积比（cup／disk area ratio，C/D AR）、视杯面积（cup area，CA）和平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度（mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness，mRNFLT）与MD作相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果两组间的视盘参数存在显著性差异（P〈0．001）。在原发性开角型青光眼组，RA、C/D AR和CA与MD之间均显著相关（P〈0．001）。其中盘沿面积每减少1mm^2，MD的绝对值将增加7．291dB；在可疑性开角型青光眼组，RA与MD之间显著相关（P〈0．001）。两组中mRNFLT与MD无明显相关性。结论在HRT-Ⅱ的各项视盘参数中，RA最能反映青光眼的视野平均缺损程度。     

正常人与原发性开角型青光眼和闭角型青光眼视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的比较

目的:比较正常人和青光眼(原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)、闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG))间视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的差异。方法:选择年龄、屈光度数相匹配的正常人135例135眼、POAG58例101眼、PACG50例81眼。利用海德堡眼底照相机采集受试者30°眼底彩色照片,并用计算机图像处理软件测量青光眼患者垂直杯盘比,利用卡方检验分析不同程度青光眼损伤的患者眼底β区发生率与垂直杯盘比的关系。结果:正常人、POAG和PACGβ区发生率分别为23.0%,69.3%和49.4%(χ2=51.3,P=0.000);POAG的β区发生率高于PACG(χ2=7.5,P=0.005)。三组人群β区最多见于水平颞侧象限,鼻侧象限最少(χ2=19.4,P=0.000;χ2=50.3,P=0.000;χ2=11.7,P=0.009);POAG组中,视神经损伤较重组的β区发生率明显高于较轻组(χ2=14.0,P=0.000);PACG组中,视神经损伤较重组β区发生率与较轻组无明显差异(χ2=0.6,P=0.287)。结论:POAG和PACGβ区发生率高于正常人,POAGβ区发生率高于PACG。视神经损伤较重组POAG眼相对于较轻组更易发生β区。     

正常人不同视盘类型和早期青光眼盘沿形态学研究

目的 :探讨正常人 (本文所称正常人为非青光眼者 ,下同 )不同视盘类型和早期青光眼盘沿形态学特征 ,以指导各种视盘类型青光眼的早期诊断。方法 :检查对象分五组 :①正常人小视盘 4 1只眼 ;②正常人大视盘 4 0只眼 ;③视盘斜入 4 2只眼 ;④正常人正常大小视盘 4 2只眼 ;⑤早期开角型青光眼 4 5只眼。利用计算机图像分析技术 ,测量视盘面积、盘沿面积、视杯面积和一周 (每 10°)的盘沿宽度 ,以此形态指标分析正常人不同视盘类型和早期青光眼的盘沿形态差异。结果 :①正常人不同视盘类型盘沿形态共同特点是盘沿从鼻侧到下 /上方逐渐变宽 ,在下 /上方偏鼻侧有一宽带区 ;而早期青光眼盘沿从鼻侧到下 /上方逐渐变窄 ,无变宽区。②视盘斜入上下方盘沿宽度基本相同 ,而大视盘下方盘沿最宽 ,小视盘上方盘沿最宽 ;鼻侧次之 ,颞侧最窄。大视盘C/D较大而盘沿宽度较窄 ,小视盘C/D较小而盘沿宽度较宽 ,视盘斜入也具有较大的C/D和较窄的盘沿宽度。③经多因素逐步判别分析 ,盘沿面积加C/D的正确判别率为 88 4 % ,以系列盘沿宽度为指标 ,下方偏颞侧 (6∶2 0 )和上方偏鼻侧 (1∶0 0 )两个盘沿宽度最为相关 ,其正确判断率为 90 6 %。结论 :正常人不同视盘类型和早期青光眼各具有不同的盘沿形态特征 ,计算机图像测量系列盘     

RA/DA cumulative curve analysis of local and diffuse neuroretinal rim area damage in glaucoma patients

AIM—To evaluate the validity of cumulative rim/disc area (RA/DA) curve analysis as a clinical tool for the identification of glaucoma induced optic disc pathology.
METHODS—71 normal and 83 glaucomatous eyes were evaluated from a series of 154 subjects recruited for this study. For each eye, the cumulative distribution of RA/DA was calculated from 36 equally spaced rim sectors of each optic disc obtained by the automatic evaluation of simultaneous videographics (Image-net X Rev.3/51b). To increase the sensitivity of this analysis in early glaucoma and in normal eyes, these cumulative curves were subsequently divided into two equal segments and the slopes of their respective regression lines compared.
RESULTS—The median RA/DA value obtained from the 36 sectors was significantly different in glaucomatous eyes compared with normals (p <0.001). Nevertheless, the curves (5th-95th percentile of the cumulative curves distribution) of early glaucomatous eyes fell within the normal range. When the cumulative curve of these marginal cases was then divided into two equal segments, the comparison of the slopes of the regression lines showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in 100% of early glaucomatous eyes. Furthermore, normal eyes were shown to be true negatives in 93% of the cases in which no significant difference between the two slopes was observed.
CONCLUSION—Analysis of the RA/DA cumulative curve from 36 sectors of the optic disc was a valid method for the identification of glaucomatous disc pathology; however, a further calculation of the slopes of the two RA/DA regression lines was needed to identify early glaucomatous damage.

Keywords: glaucoma; optic disc morphometry; rim/disc area cumulative curves     

Correlation of optic disc morphology and ocular perfusion parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: Little information is available about the relationship between glaucomatous visual field defects, morphological changes of the optic disc and ocular blood flow. In this study, ocular blood flow parameters were correlated with parameters of optic nerve head (ONH) morphology and visual field performance in a cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 103 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were included. Choroidal and ONH blood flow was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Retinal blood velocities and retinal vessel diameters were measured with laser Doppler velocimetry and a Retinal Vessel Analyzer, respectively. To evaluate the ONH morphology, fundus photographs were taken and confocal laser scanning tomography was performed. Results: Among all measured ocular hemodynamic parameters, the ONH blood flow was most strongly correlated to structural parameters of ONH damage and visual field loss. Reduced retinal vessel diameters were only slightly correlated with the degree of glaucomatous damage. Conclusion: Reduced blood flow in the ONH was associated with increasing amount of visual field defect and morphological changes of the ONH. Retinal vessel diameters were only marginally associated with glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Based on retinal vessel diameter determination alone, it is not possible to assess whether reduced retinal blood flow is causative or secondary in glaucoma.     

光学相干断层扫描技术在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨利用光学相干断层扫描技术(optical coherence tomography, OCT)测量视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)厚度、视盘形态和黄斑区视网膜厚度在原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)早期诊断中的应用价值。

方法：选取2016-01/2017-06本院收治的POAG 患者65例85眼作为研究组, 随机选取同期在本院进行身体检查的健康者52例78眼作为对照组,采用OCT测量视乳头旁RNFL厚度、黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘参数包括杯/盘比(C/D)、视杯面积(cup area, CA)、视杯容积(cup volume, CV)、视盘面积(disc area, DA)、盘沿面积(rim area, RA)和盘沿容积(rim volume, RV),并对检测结果进行比较分析。

结果：研究组视乳头旁RNFL厚度在上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧和均值均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001); 研究组CA、CV、C/D明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而DA、RV明显小于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),DA则略小于正常对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组黄斑区视网膜厚度在上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。

结论：OCT能够定量客观检测RNFL厚度、黄斑区视网膜厚度和视盘参数,这有助于POAG的早期诊断。     

POAG早期上下半视盘视网膜神经纤维层的不对称性变化

目的：：探讨原发性开角型青光眼( primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)早期上下半视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)的变化特征。方法：临床观察研究,研究对象为2012-05/2014-05在我院门诊确诊为原发性开角型青光眼早期患者30例39眼和健康成人20例40眼,使用Humphrey视野计和光学相干断层成像术( optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查,分别记录视野平均缺损( mean defect,MD)、青光眼半视野检测( glaucoma hemifield test, GHT)、眼压、C/D比值及视盘周围FNFL厚度。使用SPSS 18.0统计软件对测量值进行统计分析,计量资料组间比较采用t检验。结果：两组上半视盘各钟点位的RNFL厚度减去下半视盘相对应钟点位的RNFL厚度,两组间比较,仅上鼻-下鼻的差值具有统计学意义(t=2.526,P=0.014),其余上下半视盘相对应钟点位RNFL厚度的差值比较,两组间均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论：原发性开角型青光眼早期上下半视盘周围RNFL存在不对称性变化,上鼻部位(右眼1：00位,左眼11：00位)的RNFL较下鼻部位(右眼5：00位,左眼7：00位)的RNFL更容易受损变薄。     

Postural stability in primary open angle glaucoma

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the visual contribution to postural steadiness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), in correlation with the mean deviation (MD) measured through conventional perimetry, and with the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score, which quantifies the extent of losses in the visual field. METHODS: In 35 POAG patients and 21 age-matched normal subjects, the sway of the centre of pressure of the feet, on a firm or foam support, was recorded. The subjects stood on a force-plate with eyes closed, or with one or two eyes open. RESULTS: For all subjects, the sway velocity was lower with vision than without vision, indicating the existence of a visual contribution to posture at all stages of glaucoma. This contribution was significantly lower for POAG patients than for normals in monocular and binocular vision, and decreased with the MD, or as the AGIS score increased. Among the maximum, minimum and average values of the two monocular MD, the MD of the worse eye presented the most significant negative correlation with the visual contribution to posture. The somatosensory contribution to postural steadiness was larger in POAG patients, as compared to normals, in monocular or binocular vision. CONCLUSION: Primary open angle glaucoma induces a deficit in the visual contribution to postural steadiness, which should be taken into account for the prevention of falls.