韧带样型纤维瘤病的CT表现与病理对照

目的：探讨韧带样型纤维瘤病的CT特征。方法：回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的韧带样型纤维瘤病CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果：15例韧带样型纤维瘤病表现为腹壁或腹内软组织肿块,CT平扫病灶呈稍低密度或等密度,动态增强扫描动脉期病灶大部分呈不均匀轻度强化,静脉期病灶持续强化,延迟期病灶强化明显,周边部分残留有斑片状、条状无强化低密度区。结论：韧带样型纤维瘤病的CT表现有一定特征,CT对该病有较高的诊断价值。     

颈肩部韧带样型纤维瘤病CT与MRI表现

目的探讨颈肩部韧带样型纤维瘤病CT和MRI表现,了解其影像特征及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析本院4例经手术病理证实的颈肩部韧带样型纤维瘤病CT及MRI表现,术前4例均行CT平扫加增强检查,2例行MRI检查。结果全部病例均表现为沿肌纤维长轴生长;1例呈卵圆形,3例呈不规则形侵袭性生长,边缘模糊;全部病例累及1块或多块肌肉及肌间隙,3例可见推移、压迫相邻的重要大血管,其中1例累及臂丛神经和侵袭相邻的椎体骨质,并包埋斜角肌和头臂血管。CT平扫1例密度均匀,低于肌肉,3例表现为不均匀低、等密度;增强后1例周边强化,3例呈不均匀轻度强化。MRI平扫T2WI肿瘤呈高、等混杂信号,内见斑片状或条带状分布的低信号,其中1例包埋低信号斜角肌。结论 CT和MRI可显示韧带样型纤维瘤病大小、形态、侵袭范围及与重要大血管的关系,肿瘤的MRI信号比CT密度更能反映有助于诊断的瘤内组织学成分。     

韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像表现与病理基础研究

目的探讨韧带样型纤维瘤病(desmoid-type fibromatoses,DF)的影像表现及病理特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的DF患者资料,其中5例行CT平扫及增强扫描,9例行MRI平扫,8例行MRI增强扫描。结果 14例中,原发于腹部外者8例(胸壁、颈部、四肢各2例,背部、臀部各1例),骨组织者3例,腹壁者3例;肿块均为单发,4例类圆形,2例梭形,4例分叶状,4例不规则形;肿块大小不一,直径约为3～21 cm;边界清楚5例,边界不清9例;CT平扫密度较均匀,MRI平扫T1WI呈等、低信号,T2WI呈混杂高信号,但低于周围脂肪,短恢复时间反转恢复序列(STIR)能清楚显示肿瘤边界;增强扫描多呈明显不均匀强化。病理证实病灶均无包膜或无完整包膜,呈浸润性生长,瘤细胞为纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞,无明显异型性,核分裂像罕见。结论 MRI在显示DF的形态、边界、信号及强化方式等方面较CT有优势,并具有鉴别诊断价值,但最终确诊仍需依靠病理检查。     

腹部纤维瘤病的CT表现及临床特点

目的 分析腹部纤维瘤病的CT表现及临床特征,以提高对该病的认识.资料与方法 回顾性分析28例经手术病理证实的腹部纤维瘤病患者的CT表现及临床资料.28例中,原发肿瘤21例,其中腹内肿瘤10例(肠系膜7例,腹膜后3例),腹壁肿瘤11例;复发肿瘤7例,其中腹内4例(肠系膜及腹膜后各2例),腹壁肿瘤3例.28例中,腹壁纤维瘤病14例均为女性患者,其中20～40岁者12例(85.7%).临床症状:腹部肿块26例(92.9%),下腹疼痛2例(7.1%).1例(3.6%)伴有Gardner综合征,7例(25%)既往有腹部手术史,3例(10.7%)肿瘤为多灶.结果 21例原发肿瘤中,平扫5例CT值均低于肌肉,增强扫描20例,无强化2例,轻度强化6例,中等度强化10例,明显强化2例,双期扫描肿瘤延迟强化2例.原发肿瘤门静脉期增强CT值(74.15±20.61)HU,同层肌肉CT值(62.80±10.56)HU,两组CT值呈正态分布,经配对检验,肿瘤强化程度略高于肌肉,差异有统计学意义(t=2.867,P=0.010).复发肿瘤7例,由于病例数较少,无法进行统计学处理.所有肿瘤均未出现出血、坏死.原发肠系膜肿瘤位于小肠系膜6例(85.7%),多呈类圆形,大部分边界清楚,可累及肠壁浆膜,甚至肌层,包绕肠系膜血管,2例肿瘤边缘区含有脂肪成分.原发腹膜后肿瘤边界不清,边缘毛糙,侵犯腹膜后器官,包绕腹膜后大血管.原发腹壁肿瘤呈类圆形或梭形,沿腹直肌或腹斜肌长轴生长,5例边界清楚(45.5%).所有复发肿瘤均边界不清,强化程度与原发肿瘤相仿,侵袭性增强.结论 腹部纤维瘤病CT表现有一定的特异性,结合临床病史大部分肿瘤可明确诊断.     

CT增强鉴别诊断腹内型韧带样纤维瘤病与胃肠道间质瘤的价值

目的评价CT增强对腹内型韧带样纤维瘤病(IAF)与胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的鉴别诊断价值。方法收集病理证实的IAF患者23例(IAF组)和GIST患者37例(GIST组)的资料,均行CT平扫和CT增强检查,定性分析比较两组形态学表现,定量分析病灶长径、短径、平扫及增强各期CT值。图像由两名工作经验5年以上的影像科医师独立分析与测量。对于测量有统计学意义的定量参数,进行受试者操作特性(ROC)曲线分析,确定诊断阈值。结果与GIST组相比,IAF组CT表现多为卵圆形或不规则形软组织肿块,多位于腹腔胃肠壁外,内部坏死少见,均匀强化(P=0.001,P=0.005,P=0.003,P=0.001);而病灶边界、瘤内血管在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.867,P=0.11)。IAF组与GIST组最大界面长径、短径和平扫CT值差异无统计学意义(6.0±1.9)cm vs(5.8±1.8)cm,(5.5±1.5)cm vs(5.7±1.6)cm,(31±2)HU vs(30±3)HU,P=0.717,P=0.616,P=0.186);两组动脉期、静脉期CT值、动脉期绝对强化值及静脉期绝对强化值均小于GIST组(36±7)HU vs(35±10)HU,(45±8)HU vs(62±10)HU,(6±6)HU vs(23±10)HU,(15±8)HU vs(31±11)HU,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.001,P=0.001)。以动脉期CT值小于47HU,静脉期CT值小于56HU为鉴别诊断的阈值,诊断IAF的敏感度分别是87.0%、91.3%,特异度分别是89.2%、78.4%。结论与GIST相比较,IAF多位于腹腔胃肠壁外、形态表现为卵圆形或不规则形、病灶内部少坏死,均匀强化,动脉强期CT值多低于47HU,门静脉期多低于45HU,这6个特征对鉴别IAF与GIST有重要价值。     

韧带样瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨韧带样瘤的CT表现,评价CT对其诊断价值.资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的韧带样瘤患者的术前CT表现.4例行常规CT平扫及增强扫描,1例仅行CT平扫.结果 3例韧带样瘤发生在腹壁,1例发生在腹腔内,1例发生在大腿内侧.CT平扫3例病灶呈等密度,1例呈稍低密度,1例呈等、低混杂密度.4例增强扫描病变轻度强化.边界清晰4例,模糊1例.结论 CT可以显示病灶的大小、部位、范围及与邻近结构的关系,对韧带样瘤的诊断有重要价值.     

韧带样纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照

目的回顾分析韧带样纤维瘤(desmoid-type fibromatoses,DF)的CT和MRI表现及其病理基础,探讨其影像学诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的DF患者20例,男8例,女12例。9例进行CT检查(增强7例),9例行MRI检查(增强8例),2例行CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描。分析其CT及MRI表现,并与组织病理学进行对照分析。结果 20例中共检出25个病灶,其中腹部外型18个,腹壁型4个,腹内型2个,骶骨1个;17个病灶形态不规则,8个呈椭圆形。CT平扫均表现为均匀软组织密度。与肌肉信号相比,MR T1WI上呈等信号7个,稍低信号6个;T2WI呈高或稍高信号9个,2个呈混杂信号,1个呈低信号。所有病灶内均可见条索状、片状T1WI及T2WI上均呈低信号改变的区域;增强扫描10例均呈中等以上强化。结论 DF的CT和MRI特征较明显,对多数病变术前进行定性诊断是可能的。     

腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像学表现

【摘要】目的：探讨腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的MRI和CT表现。方法：回顾性分析82例经手术病理证实的腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病患者的影像资料。所有病例行MRI平扫,58例行增强扫描;37例行CT平扫,其中26例行增强扫描。结果：82例中单发病灶62例（76%）,多发病灶20例（24%）。原发性病灶35例（43%）,复发性病灶47例（57%）。75例（91.5%）病灶边界不清或部分不清,48例病灶（58.5%）包绕神经血管束,16例病灶侵蚀骨质,5例病灶压迫邻近骨质。所有病灶在T1WI上呈等信号或稍高信号,在T2WI上呈高信号,增强后呈中度或高度强化;75例（91.4%）病灶信号不均匀,其内部均可见条索状、条片状区,在T1WI和T2WI上呈低信号,增强扫描无明显强化;部分病灶周边可有水肿区。CT平扫示病灶呈等或稍低密度,增强后呈中度或高度不均匀强化。结论：腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像学表现具有一定特征性,是该病变与软组织恶性肿瘤的重要鉴别要点。     

Desmoid-type fibromatosis in the head and neck: CT and MR imaging characteristics

Introduction

In the head and neck region, desmoid-type fibromatosis is an uncommon tumor, and the imaging features have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to describe imaging features with their pathologic correlation of desmoid-type fibromatosis in this region.

Methods

Computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images of nine consecutive patients (five women and four men; age range, 2–72 years; mean age, 28 years) with desmoid-type fibromatosis in the head and neck were retrospectively evaluated, focusing on lesion location, size, shape, presence of a rim of surrounding fat, CT attenuation, signal intensity, and enhancement characteristics on MR with pathologic correlation.

Results

Desmoid-type fibromatosis involved perivertebral space (n?=?5) and carotid space (n?=?1) in six adult patients. In three pediatric patients, the fibromatosis primarily involved submandibular space (n?=?2) and masticator space (n?=?1) with frequent invasion to the adjacent spaces (3/3). A mean greatest dimension of 5.8 cm, elongated shape (7/9), and rim of surrounding fat (8/9) were the common features of the desmoid-type fibromatosis. Tumors often showed iso (3/7) or high attenuation (3/7) on postcontrast CT, high signal intensity (6/9) on T2-weighted image, iso signal intensity (8/9) on T1-weighted image, and strong MR enhancement (8/9). Characteristic nonenhancing low signal intensity bands (8/9) on all MR sequences were well correlated with dense collagenous stroma.

Conclusions

Desmoid-type fibromatosis in the head and neck of adults frequently involves perivertebral space. Along with various common imaging features, desmoid-type fibromatosis shows characteristic nonenhancing low signal intensity bands on MR images.     

腹腔脓肿的CT表现及诊断价值

腹腔脓肿的病死率可达20％-40％,为了降低该病的病死率,就必须强调早期诊断,准确定位,早期给予治疗和护理。我院于2006年1月。2009年11月对收治的腹腔脓肿患者进行CT扫描诊断,取得了良好的临床效果,现将结果报道如下。     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现及其病理基础

目的：探讨滑膜软骨瘤病（SC）影像学表现及其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析经关节镜及病理证实的16例SC患者的影像资料,并与病理结果对照。结果：16例SC中累及膝关节12例（双膝关节同时累及1例）,累及踝关节2例,累及髋关节2例。16例均可见滑膜肥厚、关节内游离体及关节积液;增厚滑膜T1WI、FFE呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;未钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈中等信号,钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,骨化游离体T1WI呈高信号、T2WI呈中等信号。部分病例见骨髓水肿、交叉韧带、半月板损伤及关节周围软组织肿胀。结论：MRI能够提供比较全面的影像学信息,可提高SC的诊断符合率,指导临床治疗。     

颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现及其病理基础

目的　比较颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现与相应的病理组织切片 ,了解产生特殊CT影像表现的病理基础。方法　经手术、病理证实的颈部神经鞘瘤 71例共 72个肿瘤 ,增强扫描 5 7个 ,平扫加增强扫描 15个。观察CT表现并与病理组织切片对照。结果　增强扫描表现特殊 :(1)均匀低密度背景伴团状高密度改变 (2 4/ 72 )。 (2 )弥漫点状改变 (2 0 / 72 )。 (3)低密度环伴中央弥漫点状改变 (5 / 72 )。(4)中央低密度伴不同形态的厚环改变 (8/ 72 )。 (5 )均匀密度 12个 ,其中等密度、低密度各 5个 ,囊性变 2个。 (6 )增强特别明显 3个。平扫表现以均匀密度为主 (10 / 15 ) ,如同时再行增强扫描 ,病灶又呈现出特征性的点状、团状改变 (9/ 10 )。上述现象和病理对照 ,低密度区由疏细胞区 (AntoniB区 )、陈旧性出血及囊性变组成 ;高密度区由富细胞区 (AntoniA区 )及胶原组成。不同的细胞区域构成形成不同的CT影像表现。增强扫描表现与AntoniA区容易增强有关。结论　颈部神经鞘瘤特殊的CT影像与其病理改变有关 ,掌握这些变化有助于正确诊断。     

Encephalitis caused by human immunodeficiency virus: CT and MR imaging manifestations with clinical and pathologic correlation

To determine the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the authors analyzed the results of imaging of the CNS in 24 patients with HIV encephalitis confirmed at autopsy. Careful pathologic correlation demonstrated that neither CT nor MR imaging enabled detection of microglial nodules with multinucleated giant cells, the hallmark of HIV encephalitis seen in all 24 affected patients. The most common abnormality observed on images of the CNS was atrophy, demonstrated in 18 patients. Demyelination and vacuolation of white matter tracts accompanying severe HIV infection caused hypoattenuation on CT scans and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images. These lesions had no mass effect. MR imaging was more sensitive than CT in the detection of lesions caused by HIV or other superimposed infectious agents. Although it is often difficult to attribute any radiologic appearance to a single etiologic agent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the combination of atrophy and symmetric, periventricular or diffuse white matter disease suggests HIV encephalitis.     

颅咽管瘤:MRI 和CT 表现及与病理对照

分析颅咽管瘤ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ特征,探讨影像学表现和病理间的联系,尤其是ＭＲＩ的Ｔ１高信号的产生基础,方法：ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查２１例颅咽管瘤患者,均经手术病理证实,囊液进行内容物的镜下分析。结论ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ相结合可以准确诊断颅咽管瘤,颅咽管瘤囊液内的高信号主要与囊液内的蛋白质有关,与胆固醇类物关系较小。     

侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT诊断

目的：对侵袭性纤维瘤病的腹壁外组及腹壁组作比较，重点讨论腹壁外侵袭性纤维瘤病的ＣＴ表现。材料和方法：对４０例４３个经手术及病理证实的侵袭性纤维瘤病术前行ＣＴ检查，肿瘤位于腹壁外２９个，腹壁１４个。结果：腹壁外肿瘤比较特征性的ＣＴ征象为肿块较大，肿瘤呈爪样浸润正常肌肉组织，平扫病灶密度均匀。增强后强化，表现为密度大部分均匀呈等或高密度，偏中心数个低密度改变，或密度不均匀，小梁状、条索状改变；或肿瘤均匀等密度。腹壁肿瘤则较小，平扫与增强密度都均匀。ＣＴ还能帮助评价肿瘤的侵袭范围以及与周围结构的关系。结论：提高对腹壁及腹壁外侵袭性纤维瘤病的ＣＴ表现的认识，有助于术前定性诊断。     

深部侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT表现

目的 分析侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT表现，了解其影像特征。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的侵袭性纤维瘤病13例，原发8例，复发5例。颅面部肿物2例（15.4%)，颈胸部肿瘤6例（46．1％），腹部肿瘤5例（38．5％），包括前腹壁肿瘤4例（30．8％），腹膜后肿瘤1例（7．7％）。结果 颈胸部侵袭性纤维瘤病6例，男3例，女3例，初次发病年龄13－36岁，20－40岁占83％。肿瘤沿肌肉长轴生长，边缘不规则，范围广泛，肿瘤明显侵犯周围肌肉、骨骼、纵隔等结构。5例为增强扫描，肿瘤强化程度略高于肌肉，4例肿瘤内有不规则低密度区。腹壁侵袭性纤维瘤病4例，均为女性，初次发病年龄23－52岁，20－30岁者占75％。肿瘤截面为梭形或卵圆形，沿腹直肌和／或腹斜肌长轴生长，边缘规则，密度基本均匀，平扫或增强扫描密度接近于周围肌肉密度。结论 发生于颈胸部及腹壁的侵袭性纤维瘤病CT表现及发病年龄有一定特征，CT扫描能提示本病的诊断并准确评估肿瘤侵犯范围。     

Specific enhancement of intra-abdominal abscesses with perfluoroctylbromide for CT imaging

Perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB), a radiopaque reticuloendothelial system contrast media for computed tomography, has been shown to accumulate in macrophages. In the current study PFOB was tested in rabbits as an abscess imaging agent. Two abscesses were induced in each of 24 rabbits, one in the liver and the other in the peritoneal cavity. CT of the rabbit abdomen was performed four days later, two days after the administration of 5 gm/Kg of PFOB to 12 of these rabbits. The average enhancement of the wall of liver abscesses was by 140 Hounsfield units (HU) relative to the enhanced liver and peritoneal abscesses by 135 HU relative to the control group. This enhancement was secondary to the intense accumulation of PFOB filled macrophages in the abscess wall. In those rabbits where the liver abscess ruptured, the edges of the peritoneal collections enhanced by 147 HU. Regions of inflammation prior to liquifaction enhanced considerably. These areas could not be detected in the animals not receiving PFOB. Though the liquified center of liver abscesses could be seen in the absence of PFOB, none of the peritoneal abscesses could be detected in the animals not receiving PFOB. In contradistinction, all peritoneal abscesses enhanced considerably following PFOB allowing their prospective localization. In conclusion, PFOB accumulates in abscess walls and areas of inflammation producing marked CT enhancement of liver and peritoneal abscess collections. This enhancement allowed the differentiation of peritoneal abscess collections from adjacent bowel.